• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7292-7301
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• 2014

With the development of IT Info-Communications technology, the vehicle with a combination of wireless-communication technology has resulted in significant research into the convergence of the component of existing traffic with information, electronics and communication technology. Intelligent Vehicle Communication is a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) concept of the Vehicle-to-Vehicle. The Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication consists of safety and the ease of transportation. Security technologies must precede the effective Intelligent Vehicle Communication Structure, unlike the existing internet environment, where high-speed vehicle communication is with the security threats of a wireless communication environment and can receive unusual vehicle messages. In this paper, the Vehicle Identification number between the V2I and the secure message communication protocol was proposed using hash functions and a time stamp, and the validity of the vehicle was assessed. The proposed system was the performance evaluation section compared to the conventional technique at a rate VPKI aspect showed an approximate 44% reduction. The safety, including authentication, confidentiality, and privacy threats, were analyzed.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.583-594
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• 2002

Assuring the security of group communications such as tole-conference and software distribution requires a common group key be shared among the legal members in a secure manner. Especially for large groups with frequent membership change, efficient rekey mechanism is essential for scalability. One of the most popular ways to provide sealable rekey is to partition the group into several subgroups. In this paper, we propose a two-layered key management scheme which combines DEP and CBT, a protocol in which subgroup manager cannot access the multicast data and another that has a multi-core, respectively. We also select sub-group key management protocols suitable for our structure and design new rekey protocols to exclude the subgroup managers from the multicast data. Compared to previous protocols based on CBT, our scheme provides forward secrecy, backward secrecy and scalability. This would reduce the number of encryption and decryption for a rekey message and would improve the efficiency number of rekey messages and the amount of information related to group members that group managers must maintain compared to DEP.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3C
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• pp.286-292
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• 2006

Both composition and XOR are operations widely used to enhance security of cryptographic schemes. The more number of random permutations we compose (resp. XOR), the more secure random permutation (resp. random function) we get. Combining the two methods, we consider a generalized form of random function: $SUM^s - CMP^c = ({\pi}_{sc} ... {\pi}_{(s-1)c+1}){\oplus}...{\oplus}({\pi}_c...{\pi}_1)$ where ${\pi}_1...{\pi}_{sc}$ are random permutations. Given a fixed number of random permutations, there seems to be a trade-off between composition and XOR for security of $SUM^s - CMP^c$. We analyze this trade-off based on some upper bound of insecurity of $SUM^s - CMP^c$, and investigate what the optimal number of each operation is, in order to lower the upper bound.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7C
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2004

The rapid expansion of the Internet has provided users with a diverse range of services. Most Internet users create many different IDs and passwords to subscribe to various Internet services. Thus, the SSO system has been proposed to supplement vulnerable security that may arise from inefficient management system where administrators and users manage a number of ms. The SSO system can provide heightened efficiency and security to users and administrators. Recently commercialized SSO systems integrate a single agent with the broker authentication model. However, this hybrid authentication system cannot resolve problems such as those involving user pre-registration and anonymous users. It likewise cannot provide non-repudiation service between joining objects. Consequently, the hybrid system causes considerable security vulnerability. Since it cannot provide security service for the agent itself, the user's private information and SSO system may have significant security vulnerability. This paper proposed an authentication model that integrates a broker authentication model, out of various authentication models of the SSO system, with a multi-agent system. The proposed method adopts a secure multi-agent system that supplements the security vulnerability of an agent applied to the existing hybrid authentication system. The method proposes an SSO authentication model that satisfies various security requirements not provided by existing broker authentication models and hybrid authentication systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.5A
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• pp.432-440
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• 2011

For the 4th generation mobile communication, LTE-advanced system needs the broad frequency band up to 100MHz for providing the data rate of maximum 1Gpbs. However, it is very difficult to secure the broad frequency band in the current frequency allocation situation. So, carrier aggregation was proposed as the solution, in which several fragmented frequency bands are used at the same time. Basically, multiple parallel receivers are required to get the information data from the different frequency bands but this conventional multi-chain receiver system is very inefficient. Therefore, in this paper, we like to study the single chain system that is able to receive the multi-band signals in a single receiver based on the time division multiplexing (TDM) reception method. This proposed TDM receiver efficiently manage to receive the multi-band signals in time domain and handle the baseband signals with one DSP board. However, the serious distortion could be generated by the sampling timing offset (STO) in the TDM-based system. Therefore, we like to analyze STO effects in the TDM-based system and propose a compensation method using estimated STO. Finally, it is shown by simulation that the proposed method is appropriate for the single chain receiver and show good compensation performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.8B
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• pp.636-645
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• 2008

Most of routing schemes that protect the source's location from a malicious attacker usually make use of a path of a long length per message for the sake of lengthening the safety period. The biggest problem to such approaches is taking a very long latency in transferring messages to the destination. In this paper we show the problem to find the least-cost single path that is enough to keep the source-location always secure from the attacker, provided that it is used for the delivery of a set of messages given in priori, is NP-complete. Consequently we propose a routing protocol GSLP-w(GPSR-based Source-Location Privacy with crew size co) that is a trade-off between two extreme approaches. The advantage of GSLP-co lies in its enhanced safety period for the source and its lowered delivery latency in messaging. We consider NSP(Normalized Sefety Period) and NDL(Normalized Delivery Latency), measured in terms of the least number of hops to the destination, to achieve tangible interpretation of the results. We ran a simulation to confirm our claim by generating 100 topologies of 50,000 nodes with the average number of neighbors being 8. The results show that GSLP-$\omega$ provides more enhanced NSP compared to other protocols GSLP, an earlier version of GSLP-$\omega$, and PR-SP(Phantom Routing - Single Path), the most notable existing protocol for the source-location privacy, and less NDL than that of GSLP but more than that of PR-SP.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.282-290
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• 2004

80년대 초반에 등장한 퍼스널 컴퓨터에서부터 90년대에 급격히 확산된 클라이언트/서버 환경에 이르기까지 분산 컴퓨팅은 관리가 어렵다고 증명되었다. IBM의 Tivoli나 HP의 OpenView 등을 포함한 거대한 엔터프라이즈 관리 시스템 산업이 이러한 표면상의 극복하기 힘든 법칙처럼 여겨지는 것이 그 증거라고 하겠다. 이 후 무선의 개념이 등장했다. NOP World Technology가 Cisco사를 위해 2001년에 시행한 조사에 의하면 최종 사용자는 무선랜을 사용함으로써 생산성이 최고 22% 향상되었고 조사대상의 63%가 일상적인 직무에서 정확도가 향상되었다. 이 모든 것은 투자대비수익(ROI) 계산상 사용자 당 $550 해당한다. 현재 이동성과 IT 관리 기능의 딜레마를 동시에 고려하며 저렴한 몇몇 솔루션들이 소개되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 분산 컴퓨팅의 다음 진화 단계인 무선 네트워킹과 관련된 문제를 해결할 수 있는 혁신적이고 전체적인 접근법을 소개한다. 본 논문에서는 무선 컴퓨팅과 보안의 본질 및 무선랜이라는 새로운 컴퓨팅 패러다임으로 인하여 파생되는 운영과 관리의 어려움을 소개한다. 이러한 환경이 정의되면 본 논문은 이해하기 쉬운 5x5 레이어 매트릭스를 바탕으로 각 레이어의 독특한 본질을 고려한 혁신적인 무선랜 관리 방법에 대해 설명한다. 마지막으로 무선 네트워킹, 컨버젼스, 궁극적으로 분산 컴퓨팅만이 가지는 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 Red-M의 백 오피스 애플리케이션에 기반한 솔루션을 소개한다. 본 논문의 목표는 Red-M의 성공에 관한 두 가지 중요한 과정을 설명하고자 함이다. 이는 안전한 무선 네트워크 제어에서 비롯되는 무선 환경이 약속하는 장점들을 고루 제공하는 것과 나쁜 의도의 사용자를 차단할 뿐 아니라 올바른 사용자와 또한 나머지 일반 사용자를 총체적으로 관리할 수 있는, 안정적이고 확장 가능하며 직관적인 시스템을 제공하는 것이다.가 생성된다. $M_{C}$에 CaC $l_2$를 첨가한 경우 $M_{C}$는 완전히 $M_{Cl}$ 로 전이를 하였다. $M_{Cl}$ 에 CaC $l_2$를 첨가하였을 경우에는 아무런 수화물의 변화는 발생하지 않았다. 따라서 CaS $O_4$.2$H_2O$를 CaC $O_3$및 CaC $l_2$와 반응시켰을 때의 AFm상의 안정성 순서는 $M_{S}$ < $M_{C}$< $M_{Cl}$ 로 된다.phy. Finally, Regional Development and Regional Environmental Problems were highly correlated with accommodators.젼 공정을 거쳐 제조된다는 점을 고려할 때 이용가능한 에너지 함량계산에 직접 활용될 수는 없을 것이다.총단백질 및 AST에서 시간경과에 따른 삼투압 조절 능력에 문제가 있는 것으로 보여진다.c}C$에서 5시간 가열조리 후 잔존율은 각각 84.7% 및 73.3%였고, 질소가스 통기하에서는 잔존율이 88.9% 및 81.8%로 더욱 안정하였다.8% 및 12.44%, 201일 이상의 경우 13.17% 및 11.30%로 201일 이상의 유기의 경우에만 대조구와 삭제 구간에 유의적인(p<0.05) 차이를 나타내었다.는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 평균 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 면적은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체의 면적보다 유의성있게 나타났다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 신단위(腎

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.3-18
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• 2009

It is difficult for consumers to satisfy high safety request with post-management method such as inspection and surveillance, as various changes in-and-out of the country associated with food safety. In terms of food safety problems related to foods, it is crucial to recognize public health and consumer protection and construct pre-preventive Food Control System. A joint committee, FAO/WHO made the following consultations to the National Food Safety System. ${\circ}$ Approach entirely from farm to table ${\circ}$ Get ready for Risk Analysis System ${\circ}$ Secure transparency ${\circ}$ Establish the optimal policy by evaluating the effect of regulation When it comes to summarizing the consultation, it would be accumulated as two key words; "Efficiency" and "Credibility". Whereas the problem of efficiency focuses on precaution rather than post-management, it requires policy option to maximize consumer's benefit by evaluating the cost for the Food Safety Management and its benefit. Also, analyzing risk's character and amount, demanding an optimal means, and introducing scientific analysis system put much value on the stakeholder's communications are procedure's security which can satisfy both "Efficiency" and "Credibility" simultaneously. Especially, it is emphasized here that Risk Assessment need to be separated from Risk Management. This action is a valid means of credibility security throughout improving transparency. A number of nations and organizations have reformed the method of food management passing through reflection and examination of the prior National Food Safety Management since BSE occurred in Britain, 1996. FSA; Food Standard Agency, AFFSA, EFSA, BfR, and FSC are Risk Assessment Organization functionally separated from Risk Management Organization, JECFA, JMCFA, JMPR, JEMRA in Codex charge Risk Assessment internationally. In case of advanced countries excluding several those such as The U.S. and so forth, though these Risk Assessment Organizations are either separated functionally within Risk Management Organization or operated as apart organ, common factors are in which it has independence as Science Base. While securing independence of Risk Assessment Function, it is a tendency Risk Management should be functionally unified into efficiency as well. Though Germany constructs integral Risk Management System of diverse ways according to social and political conditions of each country such as GFOCP, DVFA, SNFA, CFIS and AQIS, there is a key word in the center, "Securing efficiency of Food Safety Management". However our nation has a representative plural；diversified system with The U.S., we took a step forward for unification as empowering policy's generalization；adjustment and Risk Assessment Function by means of enacting the "Food Safety Fundamental Law" in 2008 and establishing the "Food Safety Policy Commission" with private and governmental sectors in the Prime Minister's office. Even though the unification of Risk Management hereby increased, there is the lack of strengthening function of Risk Assessment and securing independence. It needs to be required for the professional committee in Food Safety Policy Commission to develop as a exclusive office of Risk Assessment by separating from a policy decision. Administrative Branches should reinforce feeble functions such as fundamental investigation；research for carrying out Risk Assessment with securing efficiency throughout reassessment of prior Risk Management Means.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.119-128
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• 2013

As ICT technology becomes advanced, the importance of future internet is emphasized and in part of that, M2M (Machine-to Machine communications) is magnified in terms of importance and usage in public and private sector. M2M is emerging as a next generation strategic industry but there is no existing analyzed data or market classification, so it disrupts establishing policies on the M2M industry. As the technology is progressing, the evolution from M2M to IoT (Internet of Things) has started and many countries actively try to find technological trend through market analysis in order to develop new growth engine. Therefore, in order to strengthen competitiveness, we should secure differentiated capabilities in industry and service. This article examines Korea's domestic market and international market trends in IoT and analyses the economic impact of the IoT industry using quantitative methodology and evaluates relations between the IoT industry and other relevant industries. As a result, the effect of IoT industry on production inducement is KRW474.6 billion; the effect on value-added inducement is KRW314.7 billion; and it is measured that 3,628 jobs will be created by the IoT industry.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.29
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• pp.111-145
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• 2005

In this study, the problems In the current HDTV programming strategies were critically inquired into and reform measures were sought through in-depth interview with HDTV programming staff and program directors of the three major terrestrial broadcasting systems that are in their fourth year of HDTV broadcasting, and through analysis of the characteristics of HDTV programming. The analysis of this study showed that the time allocated to HDTV programs far exceeded the thirteen hours per week set by the Korean Broadcasting Commission. However, the percentage of HDTV programs broadcasted during the prime time was low, which as a result, limited the opportunity for the audiences to experience HDTV. furthermore, the low percentage of programs such as documentaries, sports, movies, etc. that are preferred by early adopters and through which the features of HDTV including high quality of picture, wide screen, etc. can be fully applied and shown did not appear to help in accelerating the popularization of HDTV In order to improve these problems, despite their having to bear the initial production costs, the broadcasting systems must come up with an aggressive strategies for the programming of documentaries, sports programs and dramas in order to strengthen the competitiveness in HDTV production and secure future adopters, and together with this, full support from the policy planning authorities and companies manufacturing electric home appliances, the other leaders in DTTB(Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting) transition, are necessary in order to promote the production of HD contents.