• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.23
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• pp.257-297
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• 2010

The U. S. government has a long history to classify and manage governmental records which are created, collected, and preserved for itself. During the colonial period before the independence, the U. S. mostly practiced the maintenances of secret records and restrictions of access to the records following a long convention without any specific legal authority. Since establishment of the U. S. Constitution, the government had kept secret records on the basis of constitutional authority. However, the U. S. government began to take shape the secret records management system when it participated in the World War I, which required the system to reflect the needs in reality to manage drastic increases in important military and foreign relation documents. The World War II made the U. S. government strengthen its secret records management system, and its conception of secret records management system at that time has sustained until now. It can be said that the current secret records management system of the U. S. government continues to be managed by constitutional authorities and the executive orders which are opt to change. This article intends to review the secret records management system of the U. S. from the initial history of the U. S. to the Cold War. To understand its system of secret management, the paper investigates the U. S. secret records management history by dividing into three periods: the period of establishment of its tradition(the Colonial era~just before the WWI); the period of taking shape of its system (the WWI~the WWII); and the period of current conception of its system. The criteria of these divisions are created based on the differences of the laws relevant to the secret records and the application methods of secret management system in reality.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.56
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• pp.113-145
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• 2018

Japan has enacted the Public Records and Archives Management Law from 2011 in order to prevent mismanagement of records management and to fulfill accountability to the public. However, in 2013, The Designated Secrets Protection Act was enacted before the Public Records and Archives Management Law brought changes to administrative institutions. The Designated Secrets Protection Act have raised concerns that the public's right to know and the transparency of administration are being retreated, especially the development of freedom of information and records management systems. This article analyzed the background of the establishment of Designated Secrets Protection Act and the contents of legal composition. It also identified the possibility of human rights abuse in the aptitude assessment system, the lack of independent monitoring agencies, the impossibility of internal accusations, and the possibility of wide confidentiality designation. Furthermore, analyzed how the problem affects Japanese records management and freedom of information system. Through this, I suggested the improvement of the system of the secret level records management system in Korea, the establishment of the clear purpose of the secret record management, the application of the Tshwane principle, and the establishment of the independent and professional monitoring agency.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.13
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• pp.135-178
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• 2006

The response of public organizations on information offerings has affirmed that the arrangement of the management of records is an important project to be implemented ahead of the enforcement of the information disclosure system. In particular, the absence or non-disclosure of information of public organizations on records containing significant information and abuse of the secret disposition of information has demonstrated that it is imperative to improve radically the management of secret or non-disclosed records as well as overall changes of awareness. This study reviewed the reality of the current non-disclosure and management of confidential records based on the awareness on such records and proposed improvement measures. The study on non-disclosed and confidential records has been discussed from legal and administrative perspectives so that the main focus has been on the institutional aspect. Yet, there is a limitation on such discussions in that there cannot be fundamental access to issues of non-disclosed and confidential records. That is because the management of information classified as non-disclosed and confidential can be improved fundamentally when all processes from the production of the records to their management are carried out reasonably. Accordingly, since our record management system is divided into three phases of the disposition division, record center, and archives and takes a management record by being applied to the flow of the life cycle of records, we have reviewed overall issues from the production of non-disclosed and confidential records to the utilization of the records pursuant to these steps and offered directions for improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.10
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• pp.226-273
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• 2004

The characteristics of the records management systems of the Japanese colonial government can be summarized as follows. First, the Government General adopted a "decentralized retention" of public records. The Government General did not establish its own archives for central preservation of permanent public records. Colonial agencies established its own records office and the records office managed the records its agency created. Secret records and police records were exception. They were retained by the Secretary Office of the General Affairs Division and Police Division of the Chosun Government General respectively. Second, filing systems and retention periods of the public records followed the hierarchic structure of organization. In the headquarter of the government, records were filed by a "bureau-division-activity-file" classification system and a retention period of a file was given automatically by each unit the file belonged. A closed and cut-off file was retained and arranged according to its creating unit, creating year, and retention period. The filing system was easy to use once the filing system was established well, but to make it work effectively changes in activities and organizations should be on a reflected regular basis. It had an advantageous effect that permanent records could be preserved in a unified way throughout the organization. However, it is very critical to determine the permanent records in a professional way. Selection of the permanent records should be done professionally and in a historical perspective. Otherwise, the records retained as permanent records were not the records having an enduring value. And that was not done by the colonial government. Third, classification and scheduling of records were carried out by a creating division, rather than by the Records Office, mostly from the 1920s. Compilation of the records was also done by the creating agency. It implies that the records management lacked the professionalism. In conclusion, the records management system of the Chosun Government General wes nither modern nor user oriented. It managed the records for solely administrative purpose, i.e. effective colonial rule. The legacy of the colonial records system still exists in the public records system in Korean government. One should criticize the lack of will and efforts to modernize the public records system since the establishment of the Korean government while should reflect the historical origins of the records system in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.67
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• pp.205-236
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• 2021

This study examined the record destruction problem systematically implemented by the Japanese colonial rule during the wartime period, centering on the persistence of the remaining records of Government-General of Chosen. It became clearer to recognize the historical probabilities that the decisions made by the Japanese cabinet were carried out on official documents in the same way throughout the empire, including mainland Japan and colonies. It was also confirmed that a system for disposing of records, such as reduction and organization of public documents, and recycling of paper resources, has already been established against the backdrop of the situation where the war spread and the war situation worsened after the late 1930s. In addition, it was attempted to extract the types and characteristics of documents discarded by the Japanese colonial rule through a review of the regulations on handling secret documents of the Government-General of Chosen and the regulations on the police department. At the same time, it was found that various chiefs (subsidiaries) that could know the status of documents to be retained or the status of preservation according to the governmental regulations revealed that there was no single book, and this was directly related to the massive destruction of official documents by the Joseon Governor-General immediately after defeat.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.52
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• pp.277-313
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• 2017

With the enactment of regulations on confidential records management, the management of confidential records has become more important than ever. However, there remains no management method in the field of records management that takes the feature and values of confidential records into consideration. For this, this study processed electronically confidential records managed in a non-electronic environment. In addition, we developed a system that will allow public institutions to manage confidential records independently, that will prevent loss of information because of loss of or damage to the confidential records, and that can be used conveniently in the digital security environment of authorized users to establish a foundation for commercial management. In this study, we analyzed the system configuration requirements according to the international standard for the records management of a confidential records management system and system-related issues such as system design based on the analyzed requirements, system security and encryption, and metadata, the overall process of establishing and outputting secret management records and standard management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-120
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• 2009

This is a research analyzed general patten and change as measure and guidances about government reorganization and surveyed a state of the records management according to the reorganization. The result of analysis, first, the guideline of government reorganization requires complementary measures according to the various patten and primary factor. The archives management according to the reorganization requires not only the change of the function between organizations but between internal organizations. It is arrangement guidance of transferring secret records and special archives management division records according to reorganization. Forth, archivist and official's duty related with transferring records should be stipulated according to Government reorganization. Fifth, the records oversight and missing should be minimized as amending related laws and regulation.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.35
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• pp.217-230
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• 2013

근대 이전 몽골 부족의 기록생산은 토바어, 훈누어, 숨베어, 거란어, 한자 등 여러 고대 언어에 의해 십여 종의 기록에 집중되어 있음을 발굴기록을 통해 알 수 있다. 최초의 몽골어 기록생산은 소고도어의 영향을 받은 몽골비사라고 할 수 있다. 소그도어에 기반한 몽골문자는 13세기 이후 몽골의 기록생산에 사용되었으며 위구르어와는 다른 독창적인 문자이다. 칭키즈칸의 석문은 몽골제국의 공문 생산의 증거이며 소그도어로 쓰여졌다. 이후 몽골제국의 기록생산은 몽골제국이 여러 나라에 보낸 기록을 통해 알 수 있다. 몽골의 전통기록은 고지, 포고, 칙서, 임명장 등 여러형태가 있으며, 제목, 본문, 결재 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 본고에서는 몽골 전통문서의 형식과 구성요소에 대한 설명을 제공한다. 17세기 이후 몽골의 공식문서는 13세기의 문서 양식에 기초하고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.57
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• pp.113-136
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• 2018

Records management refers to a series of activities to achieve the goal of securing transparency in administration and safely preserving and utilizing records. Each process of record management is largely divided into production, preservation and management stage. The reporting system of record production has an important fuction that serves as a bridge between production stage and preservation and management stage. It was established after the enactment of the Act on Records Management of Public Agencies in 1999, to grasp the state of production and management of records of various organizations. Since then the National Archives of Korea(NAK) has been able to rather actively understand the situation of records and acquire them than simply collect them. The Act, which was revised in 2006, regulates electronically automated reporting methods in which the production reporting datas are generated in the record creation system and transferred to the record management system. Despite improvements in the system, electronic reporting methods are being used in part. The 713 public institutions have submitted reports of record production to the NAK in 2017, and this study analyses them of only 47 central administrative agencies, including departments, offices, agencies, and committees. Their reports have 15 forms which consist of production statistics and inventories of 7 types of records including general records, survey, research, review, minutes, shorthand, audiovisual records, secret records, government publications. This suggests implications for improving the reporting system of record production.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.132-148
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• 2013

Via the Internet, the information infrastructure of modern health care has already established medical information systems to share electronic health records among patients and health care providers. Data hiding plays an important role to protect medical images. Because modern medical devices have improved, high resolutions of medical images are provided to detect early diseases. The high quality medical images are used to recognize complicated anatomical structures such as soft tissues, muscles, and internal organs to support diagnosis of diseases. For instance, 16-bit depth medical images will provide 65,536 discrete levels to show more details of anatomical structures. In general, the feature of low utilization rate of intensity in 16-bit depth will be utilized to handle overflow/underflow problem. Nowadays, most of data hiding algorithms are still experimenting on 8-bit depth medical images. We proposed a novel reversible data hiding scheme testing on 16-bit depth CT and MRI medical image. And the peak point and zero point of a histogram are applied to embed secret message k bits without salt-and-pepper.