• 수면정신생리
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2010

목 적: 본 연구는 일차성 및 이차성 불면증 환자에서 인지행동치료(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 이하 CBT)의 임상적 효능을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2008년 1월부터 2009년 6월까지 일차의료기관 수면클리닉에 방문한 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 전체 64명의 외래 환자가 모집되었으며, DSM-IV에 의거하여 진단 된 일차성 불면증 환자는 30명, 이차성 불면증 환자는 34명이었다. 환자들은 CBT 전후로 수면 일지, 수면에 대한 역기능적 신념 및 태도 척도(Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-16, 이하 DBAS) 및 상태-특성 불안척도(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, 이하 STAI)를 각각 시행하였다. CBT는 1주 간격으로 7회, 1회당 40~50분 동안 개별적으로 진행하였다. 결 과: 일차성, 이차성 불면증 환자군 모두 입면 잠복기, 총 수면 시간, 수면 효율과 같은 수면 지표와 DBAS 점수의 유의한 호전을 보였다. 반복측정 분산분석에서는 두 군간에 시간에 따른 DBAS와 수면 지표의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이차성 불면증에서의 CBT의 효과는 일차성 불면증에서의 효과와 동등하였다. 결 론: 이번 연구는 CBT가 일차의료 환경에서 일차성 및 이차성 불면증의 치료에 있어 효과적이라는 것을 시사한다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1997

Memory disorder is the most consistent neuropsychological finding in schizophrenia and seems to be a stable trait in it. It is suggested that memory dysfunction found in patients with schizophrenia is primary to biological abnormalities, not secondary to attention deficits they have. Although temporal lobe structures including hippocampus and thalamus have traditionally been thought to be implicated regions for memory disorder in schizophrenia, recent studies indicate the possibility of abnormalities in the frontal lobe and the neural circuits between brain regions. Advanced research methods such as functional imaging technique are expected to produce more detailed informations about memory function in schizophrenia.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1991

To investigate the epidemiological trait of listeriosis, Listeria spp were isolated from poultry meat, products and environmental specimens in chicken slaughterhouse. Also determined were isolation rates by the different enrichment procedures, the biochemical properties of isolates. In a total of 307 samples including poultry meat, liver, feathers, feces, chiller water, scalding water overflow and slaughterhouse floor, Listeria spp were isolated predominantly from scalding water overflow (90.0%), body skin before washing (66.7%), liver (20.0%) and feathers(15.0%) However, few Listeria spp were isolated from body skin after washing and feces. The higher isolation rates were obtained in the secondary enrichment procedure (7.2%) than in the primary enrichment (3.9%); after stored the secondary enrichment cultures for 2 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$, Listeria spp were present in 9.8%. The majority of the isolated Listeria spp were identical to those of the standards strains in biochemical and cultural properties. Overall, Listeria spp were present in 13.4% of the specimens tested, and were in order of prevalence of L innocua(11.1%), L monocytogenes(3.3%), L grayi(0.7%) and L murrayi(0.3%).

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Fungal sectorization is a complex trait that is still not fully understood. The unique phenotypic changes in sporadic sectorization in mutants of CpBck1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) gene, and CpSlt2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene, in the cell wall integrity pathway of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica have been previously studied. Although several environmental and physiological factors cause this sectoring phenotype, genetic variants can also impact this complex morphogenesis. Therefore, RNA sequencing analysis was employed to identify candidate genes associated with sectorization traits and understand the genetic mechanism of this phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants and their sectored progeny strains revealed a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to various cellular processes. Approximately 70% of DEGs were common between the wild-type and each of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants, indicating that CpBck1 and CpSlt2 are components of the same MAPK pathway, but each component governs specific sets of genes. Functional description of the DEGs between the parental mutants and their sectored progenies revealed several key pathways, including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, translation, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism; among these, pathways for secondary metabolism and translation appeared to be the most common pathway. The results of this comparative study provide a better understanding of the genetic regulation of sector formation and suggest that complex several regulatory pathways result in interplays between secondary metabolites and morphogenesis.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the clinical effects of herbal medicines on patients with depressive disorder. Methods: A prospective observational study on patients with depressive disorder was conducted. The patients were treated with herbal medicines for eight weeks. The Korean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS) was evaluated as the primary outcome and the Korean Beck's Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression, Korean Symptom Checklist-95 (KSCL-95), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-K), Korean State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-K), EuroQol five-dimensional Questionnaire (EQ-5D), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were measured as the secondary outcome. Adverse events were assessed for safety. Results: A total of 35 participants were observed for 12 weeks. The K-HDRS improved significantly in four, eight, and 12 weeks and the K-BDI showed significant differences in four, and eight weeks. There were no significant improvements in other evaluation scales. Gyejibongnyeong-hwan was the most frequently and continuously prescribed, showing significant improvements of K-HDRS after eight weeks of treatment. Conclusions: In our observational study, herbal medicine was effective for relieving the depression of patients with depressive disorder and Gyejibongnyeong-hwan showed the most significant effectiveness.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.389-400
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• 2022

Objectives: Depression is a highly prevalent disease, and the market for antidepressant drugs continues to grow at a steady rate. Although current antidepressants are reported to be effective, because of their low remission rate and side effects, new antidepressants are needed. The use of Banhahubak-tang (BHT) to treat the symptoms of depression is supported by experimental evidence. The proposed study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of BHT in treating depression. Methods: A randomized, waitlist-controlled, parallel clinical trial will be conducted to assess the efficacy of BHT in depression. A total of 84 participants with depression will be randomized into the intervention group or waitlist-control group at a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the intervention group will be administered BHT three times a day for four weeks and followed up for four more weeks after therapy completion. Patients in the waitlist-control group will undergo the same intervention and follow-up after a four-week waiting period. The primary outcome is change in the Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS) scores for major depressive disorders after four weeks. The secondary outcomes include scores on the K-HDRS, Korean Symptom Check List 95 (KSCL-95), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Korean version (STAI-K), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-Korean version (STAXI-K), and the Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Depression and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D). Conclusions: This trial will provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of BHT in the management of depression.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2023

Objectives: To examine effect of Korean medical treatment on patients with insomnia and correlations among changes in psychological scales before and after treatment. Methods: Medical records of 38 patients diagnosed with insomnia based on DSM-V who received Korean medical treatment (herbal-medication, acupuncture, Korean psychotherapy) for at least 8 weeks were retrospectively reviewed. Psychological scales including Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) were measured every four weeks and analyzed. Results: After eight weeks of treatment, ISI, BDI-II, BAI, STAI-X-1/2, and STAXI-S/T showed statistically significant decreases. Psychological scale pairs that showed a statistically significant correlation were ISI and BDI-IIㆍSTAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍTA, BDI-II and BAIㆍSTAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍAX-I, BAI and STAI-X-1ㆍSTAI-X-2ㆍSAㆍTA, STAI-X-1 and STAI-X-2, SA and TA, and TA and AX-I. In women, the improvement of AX-C was high. The improvement in AX-I score was significant when the disease duration was more than one year. A lower pretreatment BAI value predicted a greater decrease in ISI score after treatment. Conclusions: Korean medical treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, and Korean psychotherapy was effective in improving insomnia symptoms and accompanying symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and anger. In the future, more in-depth follow-up research is needed on the mechanisms by which various psychological problems (depression, anxiety, anger, etc) cause and worsen insomnia and the psychological symptoms secondary to insomnia.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2011

Asian dust evens took place in Seoul on 27~28 March and 31 March~1 April 2007, during which the mass and chemical compositions of $PM_{10}$ were measured at urban area in Seoul, Korea. In conjunction with $PM_{10}$ compositions, the behaviors of gas precursors such as CO, $O_3$, $SO_2$, and $NO_2$ and meteorological parameters and air mass trajectories were thoroughly examined. The earlier case was a weak dust incidence which was characterized by elevated concentrations of CO, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ as well as secondary aerosols. In contrast, the later showed the trait of the dust aerosols associated with high $PM_{10}$ mass and $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations. In general, the fractions of ionic species against mass decreased with increase in dust loading. The ratios of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ to ${NO_3}^-$ and $SO_2$ to $NO_2$ were similar in temporal variations, suggesting the concentrations of secondary aerosols were sensitive to the level of precursor gases. In this study, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ were also highly elevated during the heavy dust episode, which is thought to have originated from alkaline soils spreading through the northeast regions of China.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.432-440
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• 2019

Global climate change exerts adverse effects on maize production. Among abiotic stresses, drought stress during the tasseling stage (VT) can increase anthesis-silking intervals (ASI) and decrease yield. We performed an evaluation of ASI and yield using a drought-sensitive line (Ki3) and a drought-tolerant line (Ki11) to analyze the correlation with ASI and yield. Moreover, the de novo data of Ki11 were analyzed to find putative novel transcripts related todrought stress in tropical maize. A total of 182 transcripts, with a log2 ratio >1.5, were found by comparing drought conditions to a control. The top 40 transcripts of high expression levels in the de novo analysis were selected and analyzed with PCR. Of the 40 transcripts, six novel transcripts were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using seedling and VT stage samples. Five transcripts (transcripts_1, 12, 34, 35, and 40) were up-regulated in the Ki11 shoot at seedling stage, and transcripts_1, 12, and 40 were up-regulated at the re-watering stage after 12 h of drought stress. The transcripts_32 and 34 were up-regulated at the VT stage. Hence, transcript_34 possibly plays a significant role in drought tolerance during the seedling and VT stages. The transcript_32 was identified as chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) by Pfam domain analysis. The function of the other transcripts remained unknown. Further characterization of these novel transcripts in genetic regulation will be of great value for the improvement of maize production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1544-1551
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and hair follicle development of growing Rex rabbits as affected by different environmental enrichment materials. Methods: A total of one hundred and twenty Rex rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups; reared in conventional cages (not enriched) and in enriched cages with either willow stick (WS), rubber duck, or a can containing beans (CB), for 44 days. Results: The average daily gain of the CB group was the highest and had a significant difference from that of the other groups (p<0.05). The spleen and cecum weight of the CB group was greater than those of the WS and control groups (p<0.05). The redness (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage a^*) of the meat sample of the control group was lower than those of the enriched cage groups (p<0.05). Moreover, the hue value of the CB group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p<0.05). The tenderest meat belonged to the CB group. In addition, more secondary (p<0.05) and primary follicles were found in the CB group than in the control group. Conclusion: Environmental enrichment increased the average daily gain and improved some carcass traits, meat quality, and hair follicle density. Among the three environmental enrichment materials, CB could be recommended for rabbit husbandry.