• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1975

Alaska pollack caught in the Northern Pacific Ocean and frozen aboard vessel are skipped to the plant and processed into frozen fillets. In the present paper quality changes during thwaing, refreezing and storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ are discussed. Natural, running-water, vacuum and steam thawing were employed as thawing methods. And contact plate, air blast, immersion in dry ice-alcohol solution freezing and storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ were applied to refreeze the thawed fillets. As quality factors content of drip released, salt-extractable protein, VBN, DNA in the drip and pH were determined. In addition, bacteriological tests were also carried out along with the whole process. In thawing of round material, the vacuum thawing was more effective than any other method, resulting in drip, salt-extractable protein $(N\%)$, VBN and DNA as $4.4\%,\;1.82\%,\;16.21mg\%$ and $13.70\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Storage at $-5^{\circ}C$ as refreezing method yielded lower in drip and DNA content but similar to or slightly higher in both salt-extractable protein and VBN, which might postulate that the quality of the frozen fillet depends not largely on the secondary freezing but on the conditions of thawing and primary freezing. It seemed that most of the bacterial flora in thawed fillet came from skin and viscera of fish, worker's hands, utensils and other processing facilities, since sanitary indicative bacteria were not detected in the frozen flesh of round Alaska pollack. Bacterial quality of fillet varied with thawing methods, vacuum thawing appeared more sanitative compared with other methods as natural, running-water, and steam thawing. Bacterial colonies isolated from the thawed fillet were composed of $73.8\%$ Gram negative rod shape, $4.9\%$ Gram positive rod shape, $18.0\%$ cocci, and $3.3\%$ yeast. Decreasing rate of coliform group of the fillet during the storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 30 days was more than $70\%$ and that of plate count was less than of coliform group.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.653-659
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• 2018

초고층 복합시설은 수많은 사람들이 이용하고 있는 도심의 핵심시설로서 안전성을 최우선으로 하고 있으며, 화재발생 시 연기와 유독가스는 대형사고를 유발할 수 있다. 본 연구는 초고층 복합시설물에서 화재에 의한 재난이 발생했을 경우, 피난자들이 신속히 안전한 곳으로 피할 수 있는 비상 대피통로용 접이장치에 적용되는 섬유 스크린 소재를 개발하는 데 목적이 있다. 섬유 스크린 소재 개발 방향은 일반적으로 사용되는 철제 소재와 달리 접이장치 내 롤형태로 장기간 보관 시 하중 부담이 적은 경량일 것과 차염/차연 기능이 우수해야 하며 복사열에 의한 피난자의 영향이 적어야 할 것이다. 이에 대해 난연성이 우수한 원단과 후가공을 조건으로 3종의 섬유 스크린 소재를 선정하여 열수축시험, 접촉열시험, 연소성시험, 난연도시험, 인장강도시험, 인열강도시험을 통해 성능평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 경량의 원단이라도 후가공을 통해 우수한 성능을 발휘할 수 있으며, 실리콘수지 코팅이 섬유 스크린 소재 성능과 복사열에 의한 대피자의 안전을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 무게와 두께가 상이한 유리섬유 2종과 난연 실리콘수지 4종을 대상으로 코팅을 한 후 연소성시험을 수행하여 최적의 후가공조건을 평가하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2011

Purpose: This study evaluated the prognosis and survival rate of SLA (Sandblasted, Large-grit and Acid-etched) implants and it also evaluated the prosthodontic complications and the associated factors. Methods: Twenty seven patients (14 men and 13 women, mean age: 54.9) who visited Chosun University Hospital Implant Center with the chief desire for placement of an implant in an edentulous area from March, 2008 to December 2008 and who received placement of a SLA implant ($Implantium^{(R)}$, Dentium Co., Korea) were selected for this study. Results: The average follow-up period was 15 months and the study was based on the treatment records, radiographs and clinical examinations. A total of 69 implant cases were retrospectively assessed for the width and length of the implant, the primary and secondary stability, the combined surgery, the employed bone graft material and barrier membrane, the status of the opposing tooth, implant failure and the prosthetic complications. During the follow-up period (average: 15 months), the accumulative survival rate of the 69 implants in 27 patients was 100%. Complications such as infection, sinusitis and fixture exposure after surgery were seen for 5 implants in 4 patients. Complications such as screw loosening, contact loosening and peri-implant gingivitis after prosthodontic treatment occurred in 7 cases (10.14%). Conclusion: This study reports placement of SLA implants may cause various complications, yet the final accumulative survival rate was 100%. The SLA implant ($Implantium^{(R)}$) has an excellent clinical survival rate and outcome.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.419-436
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• 2002

The current paper reports on the enhancement of O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$, and aerosols during the Asian dust event that occurred over Korea on 1 May 1999. To confirm the origin and net flux of the O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$, and aerosols, the meteorological parameters of the weather conditions were investigated using Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5(MM5) and the TOMS total ozone and aerosol index, the back trajectory was identified using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model(HYSPLIT), and the ozone and ozone precursor concentrations were determined using the Urban Ashed Model(UAM). In the presence of sufficiently large concentrations of NO$\sub$x/, the oxidation of CO led to O$_3$ formation with OH, HO$_2$, NO, and NO$_2$ acting as catalysts. The sudden enhancement of O$_3$, CO, NO$_2$ and aerosols was also found to be associated with a deepening cut-off low connected with a surface cyclone and surface anticyclone located to the south of Korea during the Asian dust event. The wave pattern of the upper trough/cut-off low and total ozone level remained stationary when they came into contact with a surface cyclone during the Asian dust event. A typical example of a stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE) of ozone was demonstrated by tropopause folding due to the jet stream. As such, the secondary maxima of ozone above 80 ppbv that occurred at night in Busan, Korea on 1 May 2001 were considered to result from vertical mixing and advection from a free troposphere-boundary layer exchange in connection with an STE in the upper troposphere. Whereas the sudden enhancement of ozone above 100 ppbv during the day was explained by the catalytic reaction of ozone precursors and transport of ozone from a slow-moving anticyclone area that included a high level of ozone and its precursors coming from China to the south of Korea. The aerosols identified in the free troposphere over Busan, Korea on 1 May 1999 originated from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts across the Yellow River. In particular, the 1000m profile indicated that the source of the air parcels was from an anticyclone located to the south of Korea. The net flux due to the first invasion of ozone between 0000 LST and 0600 LST on 1 May 1999 agreed with the observed ground-based background concentration of ozone. From 0600 LST to 1200 LST, the net flux of the second invasion of ozone was twice as much as the day before. In this case, a change in the horizontal wind direction may have been responsible for the ozone increase.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.659-681
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• 2001

Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) has been known to increase the rate and degree of bone formation by virtue of growth factors in concentrated platelets. Although its great healing effect on bone defect or pre-implantation site preparation in conjunction with bone substitute has been reported, the effect associated with implant is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP on rapid osseointegration of endosseous dental implants in the rabbit tibiae. Twenty two adult female New Zealand white rabbits, weighing approximately 2.7-3.3kg, were used for this study. Twelve of the 22 animals were used for histomorphometric analysis and ten of the 22 were for removal torque test. Each animal received two implants in each tibia (two treated with PRP and two as control) and was given fluorochrome intramuscularly. For histomorphometric analysis, rabbits were divided into four groups according to the healing period. At 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks postoperatively, each three animals were sacrificed serially and the amount and rate of bone formation around dental implant were examined on the undecalcified sections under fluorescent microscope, polarized microscope and light microscope connected to a personal computer equipped with image analysis system. For removal torque test, rabbits were divided into two groups and removal torque tests were performed at 4 weeks, 10 weeks after implant placement. In total, 88 screw shaped, commercially pure titanium implants (Neoplant, Neobiotech, Seoul, Korea) were used in this study. Labeling pattern reflected differences of two groups in bone formation rate at each period. Histomorphometrically, PRP group showed significantly higher bone volume within threads compared to control group at 2 weeks ($70.30{\pm}4.96%$ vs. $50.68{\pm}6.33%$; P < .01) and 4 weeks ($82.59{\pm}5.94%$ vs. $72.94{\pm}4.57%$; P < .05 ). PRP group at 1, 2 and 4 weeks revealed similar degree of bone volume formation comparable to control group at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. On the other hand, while PRP group showed higher bone-implant contact ($47.37{\pm}8.09%$) than control group ($33.16{\pm}13.47%$) at 2 weeks, there were no significant differences between PRP group and control group for any experimental period. Removal torque values also showed no significant differences between PRP group and control group at any experimental period (P > .05). These findings imply that PRP could induce rapid, more bone formation around implant during early healing period and get faster secondary stability for reducing healing period, though it has not induced bone maturation enough to resist functional loading.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.39-51
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• 1969

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites ta argano-phosphates using topical application and slide dip techniques; laboratory serening tests of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain and a field trial of the screened materials. 1. Strains of Tetranychus were from Timaru(TR), Havelock Narth (HNR), Lincaln (LN). Germany (GR, GN). Comparisons of the resistant strains and normal strains at the LD50 and LC50 levels were as follows : (a) Using the topical application tochnique; with Parathian. resistant levels of the GR. TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were respeativuly, 1035. 484 and 452 times as resistant' as the LN strain. (b) Using the slide dip technique; with Phosdrin, resistant of GR, TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were 635, 274 and 266 times greater respeativuly, than the GN strain. 2. The laboratory sereaning tests were carried out far their contact plus stomach and residual effect to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used far control of O/P resistant strain of T. urticae. The acaricide groups represented were 3 organo-chlorines (Spidex, Kelthane and C 8514), 2 nitrophenyls (UC 19786 and Morocide), 2 cyclic carbonates(Eradex and Morestan). I carbamate (UC2004 7A), 1 mixture of carbamate and orano-chlorine and 2 other chemicals (C 8677 and M2527). From all acaricide tested. Kelthane and Morocide were the most effective, folowed by Spidex and M2527. Morestan, C8514. C8677 and RS 143 were intermediate, but Eradex, UC 19786 and UC 20046A were poor. 3, The number of sapmles required for estimation of the population in the field evaluation of acaricidal effects was one giving the highest practical precision. It was decided, after preliminary sampling trials. to use samples of 30 leaves per replicate which gave a $5.7\%$ standard error. 4. In the field trials, Morocide applied at the $0.05\%\;and\; 0.04\%$ a. i. conc. to black currant trees gave excellent control of O/P resistant population of T. urticae for about 12 days, but Morocide 0.025 and Kel thane $0.02\%$ a. i. cone. gave efficient control for about 6 days. In other words. first applications of Kel thane ane Moroeide gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of the two-spotted spider mite. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage of black Currants and strawberries by either acaricides at the concentrations used. Acknowledgment ... The authors are grateful to: Dr. R. P. pottinger, Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology. Lincoln college. New Zealand. for his helpful assistance in aiding with the organization of thd field work. Department of agriculture officers for mite colonies. Mr. D. A. Slade, Technical Advisor. Fruitgrowers' Federation (now at Massey University) for his assistance and provision of mites for testing. Mr T. McRae of Timaru for permission to use his crops for field tests. The following chemical companies and I or their New Zealand agents for so readily supplying samples of acarides; Ivan Watkins-Dow Limited. Fruitgrowers Chemical Company Limited. Henry H. York & company (New Zealand). Shell Oil (New Zealand) Limited.

• Composites Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 화석에너지 고갈과 환경문제로 인해 새로운 신재생에너지로 주목 받고 있는 태양전지를 대표적인 경량재료인 복합재료에 적용하기 위해 적절한 태양전지 접착 방법에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 사용된 태양전지는 후면전극 태양전지로 에너지변환 실험실 효율이 약 24.2%인 태양전지를 사용하였다. 하지만, 실리콘계열 태양전지는 재료의 특성상 깨지기 쉽기 때문에 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 동시경화 접착법 대신 접착제를 이용한 이차 접착법을 사용하였다. 접착재료는 태양전지의 충진재 및 접착제로 사용되고 있는 EVA film 과 프리프레그의 수지인 Resin film, 그리고 탄성 접착제를 이용하여 실험을 진행 하였으며, 태양전지가 접착된 복합재료 시험편에 기계적 하중을 부가하여 접착제 종류별 태양전지의 성능변화를 측정하였다. 또한, 기계적 하중 하에서 실시간으로 태양전지의 성능을 평가할 수 있는 측정장치를 설계하여 접착재료별 파단 시점과 특성을 비교 평가 하였다. 파단면분석을 통해 태양전지 효율 감소원인을 분석하여 고찰하였다. 실험결과 태양전지의 접착방법에 따라서 태양전지의 효율이 크게 영향을 받는다는 것을 파악하였다. 또한, 탄성접착제를 사용한 접착 방법이 가장 높은 태양전지 효율 성능을 보여주고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2002

본 연구의 시료는 현재 서울특별시와 수도권 도시들에서 상수원수로 이용하고 있는 한강수를 대상으로 수행되었다. 배ㆍ급수계통의 2차 소독을 위한 클로라민소독의 특성에 관하여 고찰하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) $25^{\circ}C$, Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비 1:1 ~ 14:1에서 PH6, 7, 8의 불연속점은 각각 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비 11:1, 9:1, 10:1이었다. pH6의 경우, Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비가 9:1일 때 총 잔류염소량이 최대인 반면, pH 7, 8의 경우 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비가 각각 6:1, 5:1 일 때 최대가 되었다. 2) pH가 6, 7, 8로 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민이 최대로 생성되는 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비는 7:1에서 5:1로 이동하였으며, pH6 ~ 8 범위에서 pH가 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민의 생성량이 많았다. 3) 클로라민의 분해는 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비가 증가하고 pH가 낮을수록 증가하였다. 클로라민의 잔류성은 유리염소보다 월등히 좋았다. pH6에서 모노클로라민과 디클로라민이 생성된 이후, 접촉시간이 경과함에 따라 디클로라민의 분포비가 증가하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2018

니트로사민류는 이차아민과 아질산이 니트로소화 반응을 통해 생성되는 화합물이며, 고무의 가공시 가황과정을 거치면서 생성되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 최근 고무제품 중에서 니트로사민류가 검출되면서 큰 이슈가 되고 있다. 콘돔은 인체에 삽입되는 일회용 의료기기로써 피부 및 점막에 직접 접촉하므로 안전성이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 ISO 29941 방법을 준용하여 콘돔 중 니트로사민류의 분석법을 개발하였다. 콘돔 시료를 증류수에 넣어 용출시키고, 용출액에서 분석대상 물질을 추출하기 위해 디클로로메탄으로 액체-액체 추출을 실시하였으며, 농축 후 LC-MS/MS에서 정량분석하였다. 분석법의 정확도는 85.8~108.7%, 정밀도는 11.5% 이하, 검출한계는 0.11(NDPA, NDBA) ~ 0.48(NPYR) ng/mL이었다. 31건의 콘돔시료 중에서 증류수 용출에 의해 검출된 물질은 NDBA 2건이었고, 인공타액(pH 4.5) 용출로 검출된 물질은 NDMA 1건, NDEA 4건, NDBA 26건이었다. 니트로사민류의 총량은 모든 시료에서 $500{\mu}g/kg$을 초과하지 않았다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2019

The physiological function test is the only patient contact area in the field of clinical laboratory. We need to recruit and encourage the experts due to requiring the expertise and long time for examination. However, there is currently no rule for estimating optimal workforce in the field of physiological function tests. The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of the studies for mid- to long-long term job creation in the field of ultrasound by evaluating the number of appropriate tests and appropriate workforce. We calculated the quantitative and qualitative workload for the number of appropriate tests and appropriate workforce using online questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A total of 216 respondents were 48 (22.2%) male and 168 (77.8%) female. A total of 157 laboratories were 62 (39.5%) for echocardiography, 91 (58.0%) for the transcranial Doppler (TCD) and 4 (5.7%) for the carotid ultrasound. The mean number of appropriate tests was 10 ± 2 in the echocardiography, 9 ± 2 in TCD and 11 ± 2 in the carotid ultrasound. In addition, the number of laboratories required to recruit employees for appropriate workforce was 19 in echocardiography, 18 in TCD, and 0 in carotid ultrasound. The number of hospital required to recruit workforce were 7 primary hospitals, 22 secondary hospitals, 7 third hospitals. This study can be used as an important data as the first study at present time when the data on the workforce status and work environment of the ultrasonic laboratories is insufficient. Based on the quantitative and qualitative workloads, the number of appropriate tests and appropriate workforce can support mid- to long-long term job creation in the field of ultrasound.