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http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/JES.2002.11.4.347

The characteristics of chloramine formation and decay with pH variation  

조관형 (청운대학교 토목환경공학과)
김평청 (한국환경기술진흥원)
우달식 ((재)한국계면공학연구소)
조영태 (충청대학 생명공학부)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Science International / v.11, no.4, 2002 , pp. 347-353 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of chloramination as a secondary disinfection in a drinking water distribution system. At the range from pH 6 to pH 8, monochloramine was predominant with a trace of dichloramine, and the free chlorine was detected after breakpoint. At $25^{\circ}C$, the breakpoints of pH 6, 7 and 8 appeared when the weight ratios of chlorine to ammonia nitrogen were 11:1, 9:1 and 10:1 respectively, and the peak points on the breakpoint curves at pH 6, 7 and 8 were in the Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N ratio of 9:1, 6:1 and 5:1 respectively. As pH increased from 6 to 8, maximum point of monochloramine on the breakpoint curve was moved from 7:1 to 5:1 in the weight ratio of chlorine to ammonia nitrogen. The maximum concentration of monochloramine was formed at the pH values of 7~8 and in the Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N ratio below 5:1. As the Cl$_2$/NH$_3$-N ratio increased and the pH lowered, chloramines decay proceeded at an increased rate, and residual chloramines lasted longer than the residual free chlorine. The monochloramine and the dichloramine were formed at pH 6, and then the dichloramine continued increasing with contact time.
Keywords
chloramination; monochloramine; $Cl_2$ / $NH_3$-N ratio; residual free chlorine;
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