• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2015

Reportedly the fatality rate from secondary collision is six times higher than the average fatality rate from all traffic accidents. So prevention of the secondary collision is attracting significant attention from automotive industries. However, the secondary collision prevention systems that have been developed are not considering possibility of brake actuator failure that can occur by the impact during the initial collision. In this paper, a new system has been developed that could prevent secondary collision even in case of brake actuator failure by taking advantage of still operating actuators. In this system, a steering control is performed for maintaining a lane by using linear quadratic regulator. Additionally, the system attempts differential brake control with the remaining braking capability to stop the vehicle in the shortest distance. Through simulation in various collision scenarios, the system has demonstrated significant potential of preventing secondary collision that could otherwise have resulted in severe fatality.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

본 논문은 보상함수 수정을 통해 보다 완벽한 DSA(Dynamic Spectrum Access)를 수행하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. POMDP(Partially Observable Markov Decision Process)는 미래의 스펙트럼 상태를 예측하는데 사용되는 알고리즘으로서, 그 중 보상함수는 스펙트럼을 예측하는데 있어 가장 중요한 부분이다. 그러나 보상함수는 Busy 및 Idle의 두 가지 상태만 갖고 있기 때문에 채널에서 충돌이 발생하게 되면 보상함수는 Busy를 반환함으로써 2차 사용자의 성능을 감소시키게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 Busy를 Busy 및 Collision 의 두 상태로 구분하였고, 이렇게 추가된 Collision 상태를 통해 2차 사용자의 채널 접근 기회를 보다 향상시킴으로서 데이터 전송율을 증대시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 본 논문은 새로운 알고리즘의 신뢰도 벡터를 수학적으로 분석하였다. 마지막으로 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 개선된 보상함수의 성능을 검증하고, 이를 통해 새로운 알고리즘이 CR 네트워크에서 2차 사용자의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 LNG 저장시설의 외조를 구성하는 SCP(sandwich concrete panel)에 대한 충돌해석을 수행하고 그 거동을 분석하였다. 설계기준 중 하나인 BS7777에서 제시하는 충돌에너지와 동일한 값을 갖도록 두 종류의 충돌체와 다양한 충돌속도를 이용하여 충돌조건을 구성하고 이에 대한 비선형동적 해석모델을 구성하여 설정된 충돌조건에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 또한 1차 충돌 후에 동일한 지점에 같은 충돌에너지를 가진 2차 충돌이 일어나는 것을 가정하여 충돌거동을 분석하였다. 해석결과 동일한 충돌에너지를 갖는 충돌에서 충돌체의 크기가 작고, 충돌속도가 작을수록 큰 변형이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 충돌에너지는 외측강판과 내부 충진콘트리트가 6:4정도의 비율로 소산시키는 것으로 나타났다. 중복충돌해석에서는 2차 충돌체의 크기에 따라 최종충돌변형이 지배되는 것으로 나타났고 2차 충돌에 의한 변형량은 1차 충돌에 비하여 적은 값을 나타냈는데 이는 강판의 막거동 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 이격된 중복충돌에서는 이격위치와 관계없이 2차 충돌점에서 가장 큰 변형이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2009

A new medium access control (MAC) scheme embedding physical channels into multiband carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks is proposed to provide strict quality of service (QoS) guarantee to high priority users. In the proposed scheme, two priority classes of users, primary and secondary users, are supported. For primary users physical channels are provided to ensure strict QoS, whereas secondary users are provided with best-effort service using CSMA/CA modified for multiband operation. The performance of the proposed MAC scheme is investigated using a new multiband CSMA/CA Markov chain model capturing the primary user activity and the operation of secondary users in multiple bands. The throughput of secondary users is obtained as a function of the primary user activity and other CSMA/CA parameters. It is shown that the new MAC scheme yields larger throughput than the conventional single-band CSMA/CA when both schemes use the same bandwidth.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2001

The potential pollution problems resulting from tanker collision necessitate the requirement for an effective structural design and the development of relevant safety regulations. During a few decades, the great effort has been made by the international Maritime Organization and the Administration, etc, to reduce oil spillage from collision accidents. However there is still a need for investigation in the light of structural evaluation method for the experiments and rational analysis, and design development for an operational purpose of ships. This study aims for investigating a complicated structural response of bow structures of simplified models and oil carriers for assessing the energy dissipation and crushing mechanics of the striking vessels through a methodology of the numerical analysis for the various models and its design changes. Through these study an optimal bow construction absorbing great portion of kinetic energy at the least penetration depth prior to reach to the cargo area and an effective location of collision bulkhead are investigated. In order to obtain a rational results in this study, three stages of collision simulation procedures have been performed step by step as follows; 1) 16 simplified ship models are used to investigate the structural response against bow collision with variation of primary and secondary members. Mass and speed are also varied in four conditions. 2) 21 models consisted of 5 sizes of the full scaled oil carriers are used to perform the collision simulation with the various sizes and deadweight delivered in a recent which are complied with SOLAS and MARPOL. 3) 36 models of 100l oil carrier are used to investigate the structural response and its influence to the collision bulkhead against bow collision in variation with location of collision bulkhead, primary members, framing system and colliding conditions, etc. By the first study using simplified models the response of the bow collision is synthetically evaluated for the parameters influencing to the absorbed energy, penetration depth and impact force, etc.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

The potential pollution problems resulting from tanker collision necessitate the requirement for an effective structural design and the development of relevant safety regulation. During a few decades, the great effort has been made by International Maritime Organization and the Administration, etc, to reduce oil spillage from collision accidents. However there is still a need for investigation in the light of structural evaluation method for the experiments and rational analysis, and design development for an operational purpose of ships. This study is aimed at investigating a complicated structural response of bow structures of oil carriers for assessing the energy dissipation and crushing mechanics of striking vessel through a methodology of the numerical analysts for the various models and its design changes. Through this study an optimal bow construction absorbing great portion of kinetic energy in the least penetration depth prior to reach to the cargo area and an effective location of collision bulkhead are investigated. In order to obtain a rational results in this study, three stages of response analysis procedures are performed as follows; 1). 16 simplified ship models are used to investigate the structural response against bow collision with variation of primary and secondary members. Mass and speed are also varied in two conditions. 2). 21 models conisted of 5 size of full scaled oil carriers are used to perform the collision simulation with the various sizes and deadweight delivered in a recent which are complied with SOLAS and MARPOL. 3). 36 models of 100k oil carrier are used to investigate the structural response and its influence to the collision bulkhead against bow collision in variation with location of collision bulkhead, primary mombers, framing system and colliding conditions, etc.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2011

In this paper, a planar model for mechanics of a vehicle/pedestrian collision incorporating road gradient is derived to evaluate the pre-collision speed of vehicle. It takes into account a few physical variables and parameters of popular wrap and forward projection collisions, which include horizontal distance traveled between primary and secondary impacts with the vehicle, launch angle, center-of-gravity height at launch, distance from launch to rest, pedestrian-ground drag factor, the pre-collision vehicle speed and road gradient. The model including road gradient is derived analytically for reconstruction of pedestrian collision accidents, and evaluates the vehicle speed from the pedestrian throw distance. The model coefficients have physical interpretations and are determined through direct calculation. This work shows that the road gradient has a significant effect on the evaluation of the vehicle speed and must be considered in accident cases with inclined road. In additions, foreign/domestic empirical cases and multibody dynamic simulation results are used to construct a least-squares fitted model that has the same structure of the analytical one that provides an estimate of the vehicle speed based on the pedestrian throw distance and the band within which the vehicle speed would be expected to be in 95% of cases.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.939-950
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• 1992

Collision-free 전송(傳送) 가능성과 2차 다중(多重) 접속 간섭(干涉)의 영향면에서 다중(多重) 캡쳐 수신기(受信機)를 사용한 단일확산(單一擴散)코드 방식의 성능(性能)이 송신기별(送信機別)(T/O) 코드분할 다중(多重)접속(CDMA) 방식(方式)의 성능(性能)과 비교(比較)된다. 성능비교(性能比較)를 위해, 단일(單一)코드 방식(方式)과 완전한 collision-free 전송(傳送)을 보장하는 T/O CDMA 방식(方式)에 대해 다중(多重)접속 간섭(干涉)의 특징이 서술(敍述)된다. 백색(白色) 가우시안 잡음(雜音)하에서 직접(直接)시퀀스 차동(差動) 위상(位相)편이키잉 데이터 변조(變調)와 forward 에러정정부호화(訂正符號化)를 (BCH 코드) 사용한 위의 두방식(方式)에 대해 throughput 성능(性能)이 평가(評價)된다. 라디오의 수(數)가 비교적 많은 경우에, 적당한 신호대(信號對) 잡음화(SNR)에서 단일(單一)코드 방식(方式)이 T/O CDMA방식보다 최대(最大) throughput을 증가(增加)시킬 수 있음을 확인(確認)하였다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2020

Despite its great success in the field of proteomics, mass spectrometry has limited use for determining structural details of peptides, proteins, and their assemblies. Emerging ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry has enabled us to explore the conformational space of protein ions in the gas phase, and further combinations with the gas-phase ion spectroscopy and the collision-induced unfolding have extended its abilities to elucidating the secondary structure and local details of conformational transitions. This review will provide a brief introduction to the combined approaches of IMS-MS with gas-phase ion infrared spectroscopy or collision-induced unfolding and their most recent results that successfully revealed higher-order structural details.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1033-1041
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 현재 운용 중인 아리랑위성 2호와 발사예정인 아리랑위성 5호의 우주파편 충돌 회피기동 주기를 분석하였다. 이때, 각 위성들의 임무궤도 특성, 충돌 회피 여유시간, 허용 충돌확률, 위치 불확실성 등의 인자들의 변화에 따라 분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 결과의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 실제 1년 동안 생성된 NORAD TLE 카탈로그(catalog) 상의 우주 물체들과 아리랑위성 2호와의 충돌 회피기동 주기를 계산하였다. 분석 결과, 두 위성 모두 연중 약 1회 충돌 회피기동이 요구됨을 확인할 수 있었으며, 계산 인자들의 변화에 따른 결과 분석을 통해 추후 발사 예정인 저궤도 위성들의 충돌 회피기동 주기 예측 정밀도를 향상시키기 위한 방안들을 제시하였다.