• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.971-978
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn grain for sugar cane molasses (MO) or glucose syrup (GS) in the starter concentrate on performance and metabolism of dairy calves. Thirty-six individually housed Holstein male calves were blocked according to weight and date of birth and assigned to one of the starter feed treatments, during an 8 week study: i) starter containing 65% corn with no MO or GS (0MO); ii) starter containing 60% corn and 5% MO (5MO); iii) starter containing 55% corn and 10% MO (10MO); and iv) starter containing 60% corn and 5% GS (5GS). Animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily (20 crude protein, 16 ether extract, 12.5% solids), divided in two meals (0700 and 1700 h). Starter and water were provided ad libitum. Starter intake and fecal score were monitored daily until animals were eight weeks old. Body weight and measurements (withers height, hip width and heart girth) were measured weekly before the morning feeding. From the second week of age, blood samples were collected weekly, 2 h after the morning feeding, for glucose, ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate determination. Ruminal fluid was collected at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age using an oro-ruminal probe and a suction pump for determination of pH and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). At the end of the eighth week, animals were harvested to evaluate development of the proximal digestive tract. The composition of the starter did not affect (p>0.05) concentrate intake, weight gain, fecal score, blood parameters, and rumen development. However, treatment 5MO showed higher (p<0.05) total concentration of SCFAs, acetate and propionate than 0MO, and these treatments did not differ from 10MO and 5GS (p>0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the replacement of corn by 5% or 10% sugar cane molasses or 5% GS on starter concentrate did not impact performance, however it has some positive effects on rumen fermentation which may be beneficial for calves with a developing rumen.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제7호
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• pp.125-163
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• 2009

The artworks of Socialist Realism of the former Soviet Union, with the beginning of the 21st century, are gaining a new attention from art collectors. One reason for this might consist in the fact that relevant art pieces exemplify the ways in which they visualize ideas on the basis of their high-profile art tradition and also in which they integrate their utopian ideals with mysticism. These aspects of the Soviet art goes far beyond the wide-spread assumption that their art, as a means of propaganda, principally represents a political allegiance to the system. With Stalin coming into power in the 1930s, the artistic trend of Socialist Realism obtained a nationwide sympathy and support from people, giving birth to a new art which essentially corresponded to the demands of the political power. An official art current of the USSR over the period from the 1930s to 1950s, Socialist Realism was in tandem with the Communist commitment to the party and popularity, symbolizing a loyalty to the cause. It was thus characterized by plainness and lucidity so that ordinary people could gain easy access to art. Its salient feature, over an entire range of art, was an optimistic pursuit of a utopian dream. Therefore, it tallied with the popular sentiment for a Communist paradise, giving form to their beliefs in human agency working at the materialist world and also to such abstract concepts as force, fitness, and beauty by adding even mythical ideals. Its main subject matter includes harvest feasts of collective farms, imaginary socialist cities, grand marches of heroic laborers and in this way it served as a propaganda for a sacred utopia of socialist totalitarianism. On the other end of the spectrum, however, rose the second camp of art, which put an emphasis on bona-fide artistic activities of plastic art and on an artist's personal expression and freedom, as opposed to the surface optimism of Socialist Realism. Central to the Russian Avant Garde art, which prized the above-mentioned values, were Malevich's Geometric Abstraction and A. Rodchenko's Constructivism. Furthermore, in the transitional era of the late 20th century and the 21st century it was recognized that film art or electronic media art, rather than traditional genre of paintings, would function as a more efficient way of propaganda. These new genres were made possible by ridiculing the stereotypes of the Russian lifestyle and also by ignoring ethical or professional dimensions of artworks. That is, they reinvented themselves into a sort of field art, seemingly degrading the quality of artworks and transforming them into artifacts or simulacres in the very sense of post-modernism. The advent of the new era brought about the formation and occupation of pop culture of the younger generations, calling into question the idea of art as the class-determined. It also increased the attention to field art, which extensively found way to modern art centers, galleries, and exhibition projects. It can be stated that this was a natural outcome of human nature.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-87
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• 2020

In recent years, with the rapid development of network live streaming, with the popularization of mobile Internet and mobile terminal equipment, the live streaming industry has ushered in great development. A sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 makes the PC end live streaming which has been developed for many years enter a new era, giving birth to the rapid development of mobile end live streaming. Not only because of the expansion of the live streaming industry market, the rise of the trend of the national live streaming, but also because the mobile live streaming is more and more valued by the brand, becoming an important tool for brand communication and product promotion. It is because of its unique communication characteristics that some scholars believe that the era of precision marketing has been opened by live network. Mobile live from the initial fans to reward and promote the brand, to now in the form of live marketing, consumers can "buy while watching". The time period from the understanding of the goods to the final completion of the purchase behavior has been greatly shortened. It is conducive to improving sales volume and brand awareness. Marketing communication through mobile live platform has become a popular way of brand marketing. This paper mainly studies the current situation, methods, problems and development strategies of brand marketing activities with the help of live streaming platform under the background of mobile internet. Taking Tmall live streaming platform as an example, this paper analyzes several ways of brand marketing with the help of live streaming and some universal characteristics of live streaming marketing by using the relevant theories of marketing. In view of the problems existing in live streaming brand marketing, it puts forward relevant Improvement measures. First of all, the paper puts forward the innovation in content and form. Second, the paper suggests that we should make full use of new technologies such as AR and VR to effectively combine with mobile live broadcasting. Third, the paper explores the integration of multiple channels to create intelligent marketing, and further optimize the live interface of mobile terminals. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the government departments and the platform itself should jointly supervise the mobile network live streaming platform and establish a good live broadcasting environment for mobile terminals. With the help of mobile live streaming, the marketing mode has an important impact on the promotion of brand marketing. How to make better use of this business mode and accurately use mobile live broadcast to promote brand marketing, so that enterprises can create greater profits, is also of profound research significance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.446-457
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• 2016

본 연구는 질적 주제 분석방법을 적용하여 간호사신문에서 간호사의 일-가정 양립을 위한 주제가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지 조사하였다. 자료 수집은 2012년 9월 14일부터 2015년 2월 10일까지 간호사신문 웹 사이트를 통해 수집하였으며, 분석 대상은 2000년부터 2014년까지의 일-가정 양립 관련 기사 총 473건이었다. 연구결과 일-가정 양립 정부정책, 일-가정 양립을 위한 대한간호협회의 활동 등 2개의 주제와 10개의 하부주제가 도출되었다. 일-가정 양립 정부정책으로는 육아 휴가 정책, 자녀양육 지원정책, 근무제도 개선정책, 가족친화적 문화정책이며, 일-가정 양립을 위한 대한간호협회의 활동으로는 다양한 근무형태 도입을 위한 활동, 24시간 직장보육시설 확충을 위한 활동, 유휴간호인력 지원 활동, 건강한 출산 양육환경 조성 활동, 가족친화적인 직장 환경을 위한 활동, 대체인력을 확보하기 위한 활동으로 도출되었다. 지난 15년간 일-가정 양립을 다룬 기사의 수는 양적으로 증가하는 양상이었으며, 국가적 사건이나 사회 분위기에 따라 그 관심의 정도가 다르게 나타났고, 대한간호협회의 활동이 정부의 정책과 유기적인 관련성을 나타냈다. 간호사신문이 일-가정 양립과 관련하여 앞으로 선도해야 할 방향은 양성평등을 대변하는 젠더관점으로의 전환, 모성보호관련 이행이 취약한 실태나 문제점 등을 심층적으로 공론화하는 등 간호사의 입장을 대변해야 함을 시사한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.296-312
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• 2011

급속한 저출산과 고령화 추세를 보이고 있는 우리나라는 IMF 외환위기 이후 저성장과 저금리가 장기적으로 지속되면서 경제적으로 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 여건에서 현재 중년층은 다가올 노년기에 대비하기 위해 신체적, 심리적, 사회적, 경제적 은퇴준비를 체계적으로 해야 하는 것이 매우 중요한 과업이다. 따라서 본 연구는 중년층의 직업특성과 활동특성이 신체적, 심리적, 사회적, 경제적 은퇴준비 영역에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 한다. 수도권과 충청권 지역의 회사원, 공무원, 자영업, 전문직에 종사하는 30~50대 344명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였으며 분석한 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령이 높고 건강이 좋을수록 직장에서의 역할이 안정적이고 여가활동을 많이 할수록 신체적 준비를 더 많이 하고 있었다. 둘째, 남성에 비해 여성이 직장동료와 좋은 관계를 유지할수록 직업에 대한 태도가 긍정적이고 여가활동을 중요시할수록 심리적 준비를 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자신의 직장이 안정적이라고 인식하며 사회활동과 여가활동을 많이 할수록 사회적 준비를 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 경제적으로 여유가 있을수록 경제적 준비 정도가 높았지만 직업특성과 활동특성은 경제적 준비에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 최근 사회적 이슈가 되고 있는 은퇴준비가 직업 특성과 활동특성에 의해 영향을 받고 있음을 보여주며, 향후 중년층의 은퇴준비를 위한 구체적인 정책과 프로그램이 다양하게 준비되어야 함을 의미한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2009

NAIT는 태아의 혈소판 동종 항체에 의해 산모가 감작되어 항체를 형성함으로써 발생되는 질환이다. 대부분의 NAIT는 혈소판 특이항체에 의해서 발생하며 HLA 항체에 의한 발병은 드물다. 저자들은 항 HLA-B35 항체에 의한 NAIT 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 환아는 둘째로 태어난 남자 아이로 출생 시 점상출혈이나 자반은 없었다. 출생 5일에 발생한 발열을 주소로 내원하여 시행한 혈액검사에서 혈소판 수치가 $106\times10^9/L$로 감소하였다. 발열은 입원 후 호전 되었으며 2병일 흉부에 점상출혈을 보였으며 혈소판이 $25\times10^9/L$까지 감소하였다. CRP 및 PT, PTT는 정상이었다. 산모의 혈소판 수치는 정상이었고 출혈의 과거력은 없었다. PRA test로 산모의 혈청에서 항-HLA B35, B52, B56, C3, C14 가 확인되었고 환아와 아버지의 혈청에서 HLA-B35 항원이 검출되었다. 산모의 항 HLA-B35 항체와 환아가 아버지로부터 물려받은 HLA-B35 항원이 반응하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 환아는 농축 혈소판과 면역글로불린 투여 후 혈소판 수치가 $248\times10^9/L$로 상승하면서 이후 호전되었다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제23권
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• pp.49-60
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• 2020

국립중앙박물관 소장 운보문단 보자기(증9393) 유물의 전시와 안전한 보호를 위한 보존처리를 실시하였다. 이후 보존 처리한 직물 무늬의 시대를 추정하기 위하여 함께 기증 된 이항복(1556-1618)의 17세기 활동시기와 후모본(後模本) 초상화의 제작시기인 18세기의 유물과 비교하여 운보문단 보자기 무늬의 구성과 연대를 추정하였다. 운보문단의 시대 추정을 위해 시대가 확실한 유물과 비교한 내용을 확인한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이항복의 생몰년(1556-1618)을 기준으로 유사한 시기의 출토복식과 의궤의 표지의 무늬와 비교하였으나 운두와 꼬리크기의 비율에서 확연히 차이가 보여 이항복의 생몰년 대에 제작한 직물로는 추정되지 않다고 판단되었다. 둘째, 이항복의 호성공신과 위성공신 초상 후모본의 제작시기인 18세기 운보문단 직물 무늬와 비교한 결과 가장 유사한 1702년 『숙종인원왕후가례도감의궤』 표지의 운보문단이 확인 되었으며, 이외 1730년대까지의 의궤표지와 출토직물에서 배열, 크기, 비율 등 유사한 구성양식을 나타내고 있었다. 보자기의 정확한 용도는 확인 할 수 없었지만 함께 기증 된 후모본 초상화와 유사한 18세기 초에 제작된 것으로 추정할 수 있다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-82
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 아시아 항만들 간의 클러스터링 추세를 분석하기 위해서 첫째, 기존연구에서는 다루지 못한 새로운 방법인 컨텍스트의존모형과 측정특유모형에 대해서 이론적으로 설명하였으며, 둘째, 컨텍스트의존모형에 의한 항만들의 매력도와 진전도 측정방법 및 실제적용, 셋째, 아시아 38개 항만들의 10년간 자료를 4개의 투입요소(선석길이, 수심, 총면적, 크레인수), 1개의 산출요소(컨테이너화물처리량)를 이용하여 효율성의 단계별로 효율적인 항만들을 대상으로 클러스터링하는 방법을 실증적으로 보여 주고 분석하였다. 또한 매력도, 진전도, 벤치마킹쉐어의 측정방법도 보여 주었다. 실증분석의 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2009년도 자료를 이용한 매력도측정결과는 Degree 1부터 Degree 7까지의 각 Degree별 랭킹을 살펴보면, 광저우항, 두바이항, 홍콩항, 닝보항, 상하이항의 순서였다. 둘째, 2009년도 단계1에 속한 항만들의 등급별 진전도를 측정한 결과를 보면, 베이루트항, 포트술탄항, 아덴항과 같이 낮은 등급의 점수에 해당하는 항만들은 그 전 등급의 항만을 벤치마킹해야만 한다. 셋째, 효율적인 항만들의 벤치마킹 쉐어에 대한 측정결과를 보면, 두바이항(선석길이), 홍콩항(수심, 총면적, 크레인수)이 다른 비효율적인 항만들의 효율성에 미친 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 컨텍스트의존모형과 측정특유모형에 의한 클러스터링 결과는 동일하게 나타났다. 그 가장 큰 이유는 투입-산출 자료의 특성 때문이라고 판단된다. 다섯째, 10년동안의 클러스터링 추세를 분석결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 가장 효율적인 단계(1단계, 2단계)의 클러스터링은 홍콩항, 상하이항, 싱가포르항. 닝보항, 광저우항, 카오슝항으로 나타났다. (2) 효율적인 단계(2단계, 3단계)의 클러스터링은 두바이항, 크호르 파칸항, 첸나이항, 부산항, 콜롬보항, 키롱항, 탄중펠프스항으로 나타났다. (3) 중정도의 효율적인 단계(4단계, 5단계, 6단계)의 클러스터링은 사히드 라자이항, 탄중프리옥항, 하이파항, 탄중퍼락항, 토쿄항, 요코하마항, 코베항, 나고야항, 오사카항, 인천항, 카라치항, 마닐라항, 방콕항, 담만항으로 나타났다. (4) 하위의 효율적인 단계(7단계, 8단계)의 클러스터링은 포트술탄카부스항, 제다항, 아덴항으로 나타났다. (5) 효율적인 단계로 진전되어 클러스터링된 항은 닝보항, 첸나이항, 탄중펠프스항으로 나타났다. 본 논문이 갖는 정책적인 함의는 항만정책입안자들은 컨텍스트의존모형과 측정특유모형을 항만의 클러스터링에 도입하여 해당항만이 발전할 수 있는 전략을 수립하고 이행해 나가야만 한다는 점이다.