• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.541-552
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• 2000

1997년 2월부터 1998년 7월까지 총 33회에 걸쳐 시화호내 11개 정점에서 장기간 관측한 수온, 염분 자료를 이용하여 배수갑문운용에 따른 시화호의 물성변화를 파악하였다. 배수갑문을 통한 해수유통이 없었던 1997년 3월부터 1997년 6월까지 시화호내의 염분은 15psu 이하로 나타났으며, 약 11m 수심을 경계로 염분에 의한 강한 성층이 관측되었다. 배수갑문을 통한 해수유입이 시작된 1997년 7월에는 태양복사열의 증가로 표층수온이 급격히 상승하여 표층과 저층의 수온차가 약 10^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 나타났으며, 1997년 10월{\sim}$12월에는 표층에 비해 저층 수온이 상대적으로 높은 수온역전현상이 발생하였다. 1997년7월 배수갑문 개폐시기를 전 ${\cdot}$ 후로 배수갑문 내측에 위치한 정점에서 장기간 수온, 염분, 유속 및 유향을 조사한 결과, 해수유입시 수온과 염분이 대칭적인 분포를 나타내었으며, 이는 외해로부터 해수 유입시마다 저온, 고염의 해수가 시화호 내로 유입되었기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 1998년 1월 이후에는 지속적인 배수갑문 개폐의 영향으로 시화호의 염분이 30psu 이상으로 해수화되었으며, 배수갑문 개폐 이전에 비해 성층이 크게 약화된 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2017

대부분의 어선에서는 포획된 어류를 관리하고 저장하기 위해 얼음 냉각 시스템을 사용한다. 그러나 얼음 냉각 시스템은 작동 시간의 제한뿐만 아니라 적절한 온도와 염분 농도를 유지하는 것이 어려운 단점이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 어류 운반선의 어창에 적정한 해수온도 유지를 위한 해수 냉각 시스템용 만액식 증발 열전달 특성을 파악하는데 있다. 실험은 냉매의 해수 온도, 유량 및 포화 온도의 변화를 주며 열전달 특성을 파악하였다. 동일 열유속에서 Aluminium-Brass tube가 Copper-Nickel tube 보다 외측 열전달계수가 약 10% 큰 것으로 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 해수용 열교환기의 전열관으로 Aluminium-Brass를 적용하는 것이 열전달 측면에서 효과적일 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 만액식 단관 열전달계수와 18 kW급 만액식 해수냉각시스템의 총괄열전달계수의 비교를 통해 동일 조건에서는 25%정도 단관의 열전달계수가 큰 값을 나타내었으며, 이러한 결과는 만액식 관군 열교환기의 설계를 위한 중요한 자료가 되리라 판단된다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2014

Gonad maturation of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum was induced in this study using a recirculation system over 8 weeks in early spring. Clams used in the experiment were collected in $15^{th}$ April 2010 from the west coast of Korea, as the surface water temperature remained $11^{\circ}C$. To induce gametogenesis and subsequent maturation seawater temperature was elevated $1^{\circ}C$ per day over 10 days to reach $20^{\circ}C$. For the experiment, clams were raised in 120 L quadrangle tank maintained with re-circulated seawater system over 57 days. Water quality parameters including the water temperature, salinity dissolved oxygen, ammonium ion and nitrate levels in the tanks were monitored daily. Mixture of concentrated microalgae including Tetraselmis, Isochrysis, Pavlova and Thalassiosira weissflogii was supplied to clams twice a day, and quantity of the daily ration was adjusted as 3% of clam body dry weight. Histology was applied to examine gonad maturation. Daily monitoring of the water quality parameters indicated that the recirculation system supplied suitable environment to Manila clam; the nitrogenous components stayed below toxic levels (< 0.2 mg/L). At the beginning of the study, clams were mostly in early developing stage. As the seawater temperature reached $20^{\circ}C$, 10 days after the experiment, 20% of clams reached late development at 12 days. First ripe clams were observed at 42 days and 40% of clams were in ripe and ready for spawning at the end of study, 57 days after the experiment. In this study, gametogenesis of Manila clam was successfully induced by elevating water temperature and supplying commercially produced microalgae in a recirculation tank system.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.343-347
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to manufacture the low temperature waterless container that is compact and low cost for a live fish transportation. Using the low temperature water container, it makes observations on the optimal conditions such as the amount of dissolved oxygen, total ammonia and nitrite in seawater for determining the survival rate of live fish in short and long-term transportation. Using a sole as a live fish, the temperatures of $0^{\circ}C$, 3$^{\circ}C$, 5$^{\circ}C$, 7$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$ were controled for there effects. The results of this investigation show that as the seawater temperature increased, the amount of oxygen decreased and there was a low temperature shock below 3$^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the fish was died with 30$m\ell/\ell$of ammonia. The optimal temperature is about 5$^{\circ}C$ for live fish transportation to maintain best survival rate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2013

Ozone concentrations in water and air, and resulting disinfective properties, were measured following generation by either an ozone generator or a low-temperature dielectric barrier discharge plasma generator. In freshwater, ozone concentrations of 0.81 and 0.48 mg/L $O_3$ were observed after the ozone and plasma generators had been operated for five minutes, respectively. Higher levels of dissolved $O_3$ were attained more easily with the ozone generator. In seawater, both systems were capable of creating concentrations greater than 3.00 mg/L $O_3$ after 5minutes of operation. Higher ozone levels were attained more easily in seawater than in freshwater. Rates of bacterial sterilization in seawater after three minutes were 96% and 88%, using the plasma and ozone generators, respectively. In freshwater, higher concentrations of ozone were released into the atmosphere by the ozone generator than by the plasma generator. In creating equivalent levels of dissolved ozone in freshwater, the plasma generator released 4.5 times more ozone into the atmosphere than did the ozone generator. This shows that ozone generators are more effective than plasma generators for creating ozonated water. For the same concentration of dissolved ozone in seawater, more ozone was released into the atmosphere using the ozone generator than using the plasma generator. Therefore, with regard to air pollution, plasma generators seem to be less expensive than ozone generators.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2012

Due to the good corrosion resistance and machinability, copper alloy is commonly employed for shipbuilding, hydroelectric power and tidal power industries. The Cu alloy, however, has poor durability, and the seawater application at fast flow condition becomes vulnerable to cavitation damage leading to economic loss and risking safety. The HVOF(High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) thermal spray coating with WC-10Co4Cr were therefore introduced as a replacement for chromium or ceramic to minimize the cavitation damage and secure durablility under high-velocity and high-pressure fluid flow. Cavitation test was conducted in seawater at $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ with an amplitude of $30{\mu}m$ on HVOF WC-10Co4Cr coatings produced by thermal spray. The cavitation at $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ exposed the substrate in 12.5 hours and in 10 hours, respectively. Starting from 5 hours of cavitation, the coating layer continued to show damage by higher than 160% over time when the temperature of seawater was elevated from $15^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$. Under cavitation environment, although WC-10Co4Cr has good wear resistance and durability, increase in temperature may accelerate the damage rate of the coating layer mainly due to cavitation damage.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2017

Purpose: The present study explored cookie making performance using Jeju magma seawater to elucidate the effects of minerals in water on quality of baked goods. Methods: Seven water samples were analyzed for their mineral content, pH and water hardness. Starch pasting properties of flour in water samples was analyzed using RVA, and cookie making performance using water samples was evaluated with the AACCI wire-cut cookie baking method. Quality of cookies was measured by weight loss during baking, cookie geometry, color, and firmness. Results: Hardness of water samples ranged from 0-4200, and mineral content was in the order of magma seawater > 100% ED mineral water > 50% ED mineral water > 10% ED mineral water > tap water > Samdasoo > distilled water. RVA results showed that water hardness exhibited significant relationships with pasting temperature (p<0.05, R=0.863), peak viscosity (p<0.001, R=0.944), final viscosity (p<0.05, R=0.861), and setback (p<0.05, R=0.782). Cookie baking results showed that cookie diameter increased in the order of magma seawater < 100% ED mineral water < 50% ED mineral water < 10% ED mineral water $\approx$ tap water < Samdasoo < distilled water. Conclusion: As mineral content in water increased, flour pasting temperature and viscosity increased, whereas cookie diameter decreased with color fading. However, cookies formulated with 50% ED mineral water showed similar cookie geometry and texture to those with tap water. Therefore, controlling the mineral content of water can be successfully applied to produce mineral-enriched cookies.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis의 수온과 염분농도의 변화에 따른 이들의 소화효소 활성을 파악하고, 소화효소 활성을 기초로 적정 영양강화 조건을 찾는 것이다. 다른 온도에서 24시간 배양된 rotifer 밀도는 $32^{\circ}C$에서 1,453 개체/mL로 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 그리고 배양온도 $28^{\circ}C$에서 염분농도에 따른 rotifer 밀도는 15 에서 2,147 개체/mL로 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 배양환경에 따른 rotifer의 소화효소 활성에서 TAP 개체당 활성은 $24-32^{\circ}C$에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 단백질 비활성은 $32-36^{\circ}C$에서 높게 조사되었다(P<0.05). 그리고 TG-lipase 활성에서는 개체당 활성과 단백질 비활성 모두 $20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다(P<0.05). 또한 염분별 실험에서 TAP와 TG-lipase 활성은 32 psu에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다(P<0.05). 32 psu에서 온도별 영양강화한 rotifer의 methionine 함량(% in protein), 지질 함량과 지방산 불포화도이 $20^{\circ}C$에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 특히, DHA와 DHA/EPA 비가 $20^{\circ}C$ 실험구에서 12.6%와 12.5의 비로 각각 높았다(P<0.05). 따라서 rotifer B. rotundiformis의 지질 영양강화는 특히 TGlipase 활성을 높여 줄 수 있는 32 psu, $20^{\circ}C$에서 실시하는 것이 지방산 불포화도, DHA 및 DHA/EPA 비를 높여 줄 수 있는 효과적인 방법이라고 판단된다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

막분리법에 의한 해수 담수화시 공급 원수 온도는 막성능에 영향을 미친다. 특히 폐열원을 이용하여 분리막 투과량을 증대시키고자 하는 경우에는 고온의 공급 원수가 분리막 성능에 미치는 영향을 정확히 분석하여 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 온도에 의한 막투과 성능 분석을 위해 $10^{\circ}C$에서 $60^{\circ}C$까지 공급 해수 온도를 변화시키면서 실험을 실시하였다. 온도가 상승하면서 투과량이 증가하는 경향을 물의 점성 변화와 막의 변화로 나누어서 분석하였다. NF 막에서는 온도에 따른 물의 점성 변화로 투과량 변화를 예측할 수 있었으나 RO막의 경우는 물의 점성변화로 예측한 투과량과 실험에 의한 투과량은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 30%정도 차이가 나타났다. 이는 RO막이 원수 온도가 상승함에 따라 막의 수축이 일어나 공극의 크기가 8%정도 감소함에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 막분리식 해수 담수화에서 투과량을 증대시키기 위한 온도 상승은 막변형이 일어나지 않는 범위 내에서 효과적으로 수행하여야 할 것이다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1997

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted in July and August, 1996 for the purpose of describing the characteristics of organic pollution, dissolved oxygen distributions, and the evaluation of water quality in Mokpo harbour. The vertical density distribution of water column was found to be in stable structure with higher water temperature and lower salinity on surface layer at ebb tide in summer. In July, dissolved oxygen was shown to be oversaturated on surface and bottom layers, while in August, which was shown to be oversaturated on surface layer, and to be unsaturated on bottom layer as 68∼93% of saturation percentage. Dissolved oxygen of bottom layer in August was evaluated to be under the regular grades, based on Korean standards of seawater quality. In view of COD, the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour in summer was evaluated to be deteriorated due to organic wastes and graded to be the third class, and TSS of Mokpo harbour in summer was graded to be the second class, based on Korean standards of seawater quality. In particular, COD of surface layer in August was found to be under the regular grades. It is, therefore, necessary to take measures for the control of pollution loads and the proper management of seawater quality in Mokpo harbour. The distribution patterns of DO, COD, VSS and Chlorophyll-a on surface layer along the downstream center line from inner harbour to harbour entrance were similar to one another at ebb tide in August.