• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2014

The long-term mooring performed at a KOGA station, located at about $30^{\circ}20^{\prime}N$, $126^{\circ}12^{\prime}E$ in the East China Sea shelf, shows some different behaviors between "semi-diurnal" and "diurnal currents" defined as the currents with periods around, respectively, a half day and a day. They appear to be predominantly tidal having significant coherences with sea level changes around the semi-diurnal and diurnal frequencies. The "semi-diurnal current" is strongly barotropic all year round. However, contrastingly, it is largely baroclinic in summer in the area about 70 km nearer to the continental slope, referred to as the "slope-area", as was found in previous current observations. The "diurnal current" of tidal origin is strongly barotropic in winter. In spring and summer, however, it becomes more baroclinic although it still remains largely barotropic, also showing more of its barotropic nature than in the "slope-area". The inertial oscillation contributing to the "diurnal current" appears to be more prominent when the current is baroclinic, indicating the important role played by stratification in generation of inertial oscillations. Downward energy propagation of inertial oscillation is not observed, suggesting that it is not created at the surface by wind. Considering that the study area is both near a critical latitude and proximity to the continental slope, it is suggested that parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) plays a significant role in creating the baroclinic inertial oscillation.

• 대기
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.423-440
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• 2023

The updated version of Global Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GODAPS) in the NIMS/KMA (National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Korea Meteorological Administration), which has been in operation since December 2021, is being introduced. This technical note on GODAPS2 describes main progress and updates to the previous version of GODAPS, a software tool for the operating system, and its improvements. GODAPS2 is based on Forecasting Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) vn14.1, instead of previous version, FOAM vn13. The southern limit of the model domain has been extended from 77°S to 85°S, allowing the modelling of the circulation under ice shelves in Antarctica. The adoption of non-linear free surface and variable volume layers, the update of vertical mixing parameterization, and the adjustment of isopycnal diffusion coefficient for the ocean model decrease the model biases. For the sea-ice model, four vertical ice layers and an additional snow layer on top of the ice layers are being used instead of previous single ice and snow layers. The changes for data assimilation include the updated treatment for background error covariance, a newly added bias scheme combined with observation bias, the application of a new bias correction for sea level anomaly, an extension of the assimilation window from 1 day to 2 days, and separate assimilations for ocean and sea-ice. For comparison, we present the difference between GODAPS and GODAPS2. The verification results show that GODAPS2 yields an overall improved simulation compared to GODAPS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.539-552
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• 2013

To establish an aging management plan considering seawater influx and changes in groundwater within nuclear power plant sites, the characteristics of groundwater flow must be understood. This study investigated the characteristics of groundwater flow within the site and analyzed groundwater level recorded by monitoring wells to evaluate groundwater flow characteristics and elements that affected these characteristics for supplying the information to conduct the appropriate aging management for ensuring the safety of the safety-related structures in Shin Kori Unit 1 and 2. The increase in groundwater level during the wet season results from high sea-level conditions and the large amount of precipitation. As a result of the analysis of groundwater distribution and change characteristics, the site could be divided into a rainfall-affected area and a tide-affected area. First, the rainfall-affected area can further be divided into areas that are affected simultaneously by excavation, backfill, and a permanent dewatering system. Secondly, areas that are not affected by excavation, or the dewatering system, or by structure arrangement and excavation. Analysis of the spectrum for wells affected by tides resulted in confirmation of the M2 component (12.421 hr) and S2 component (12.000 hr) of the semidiurnal tides, and the O1 component (25.819 hr) of the diurnal tides. In the cross-correlation results regarding tides and groundwater levels, the lag time occurred diversely within 1-3 hours by the effect of the well location from sea, the distribution of the backfill material with depth, and the concrete structure.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.207-207
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• 2021

The Vietnamese Mekong Delta(VMD) covers an area of 62,250 km² in the lowest basin of the Mekong Delta where more than half of the country's total rice production takes place. In 2016, an estimated 1.29 million tonnes of Vietnam's rice were lost to the country's biggest drought in 90 year and particularly in VMD, at least 221,000 hectares of rice paddies were hit by the drought and related saltwater intrusion from the South China Sea. In this study, 3D numerical simulations using Delft3D hydrodynamic models with calibration and validation process were performed to examine flow characteristics, climate change scenarios, water level changes, and salinity concentrations in the nine major estuaries and coastal zones of VMD during the 21^st century. The river flows and their interactions with ocean currents were modeled by Delft3D and since the water levels and saltwater intrusion in the area are sensitive to the climate conditions and upstream dam operations, the hydrodynamic models considered discharges from the dams and climate data provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6). The models were calibrated and verified using observational water levels, salinity distribution, and climate change data and scenarios. The results agreed well with the observed data during calibration and validation periods. The calibrated models will be used to make predictions about the future salinity intrusion events, focusing on the impacts of sea level rise due to global warming and weather elements.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2018

Harsh seawater environment is subdivided into marine atmosphere, splash zone, tidal zone, submerged zone and bottom of sea depending on the exposed part. Since corrosion rate depends on the conditions of the exposed parts, proper protection and maintenance for each parts are essential for long-term use of steel structures in seawater environment. For steel structures which were installed in Shiwha Lake, a special maintenance system is required to guarantee its long-term durability and safety. As the tidal power plant has recently been operated, the salinity has risen due to the rapid influx of seawater upstream into Sihwa Lake and the corrosion tendency of the structure is variable according to the water level fluctuation. In this study, corrosion properties of steel structures under water level fluctuation was evaluated by corrosion rate measurement, visual inspection and natural potential measurement and their durability and life management were discussed in view of the effect of variation in of seawater level fluctuations in Shihwa Lake.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지형공간정보학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.167-173
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• 2004

연안의 무분별한 개발에 따른 후유증으로 침식(또는 퇴적) 현상은 심각한 수준에 이르렀다. 해안선 변화는 광범위한 지역을 대상으로 장기간 서서히 진행되어 원인규명 및 대책제시에 오랜 연구가 필요하다. 특히 기후온난화 결과로 향후 1백년 내에 전체 지구해수면이 평균 $19{\sim}35cm$ 상승할 것으로 예상되어 연안환경변화에 대비 지속적인 해안선 변화에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 정사항공사진과 해양조사측량 자료를 이용하여 해안 침식과 퇴적 경향을 정량적으로 분석하고 해안선변화에 따라 발생하는 포락지 발생여부를 판정할 수 있었다. 이를 위해, 약 10년 주기로 정사항공사진을 제작하고 토지임야도를 중첩시켜 조위를 고려하였을 때와 고려하지 않았을 때의 침식 및 퇴적량을 산출하였다. 본 연구결과, 장기해안선 변화탐지에 정사항공사진기법과 해양조사 측량을 이용하는 것이 침식 및 퇴적, 인공매립 등의 유효한 변화탐지 기법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type ($39.2\%$) and highest for erect type ($75.8\%$) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at $5\%$ level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the non plant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.266-274
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• 1994

우리나라 서해안에 위치한 인천해역의 개발에 따른 조석특성을 분석하기 위하여 2차원 수치모형을 이용한 수치분석을 수행하였다. 먼저 기존 및 새로운 조석관측 자료를 분석하고, 수학적 모형으로서 수심 적분한 천수방정식을 선정하였으며, 이에 따른 수치모형은 Flather and Heaps(1975)의 모형을 사용하였다. 관측된 2개 주요분조 M$_2$와 S$_2$를 외해 경계조건으로 입력하여 모형을 수립하고, 수립된 모형을 2종류의 인천해역 개발안에 따라 적용하였다. 이 해역이 개발될 때 대조시 조석 변화양상을 평가한 결과 진폭변화는 미약하나 조류변화는 부분적으로 크게 나타낸다.

• 대기
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2021

The relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and surface air temperature (SAT) over Korea is re-examined using the long-term observation and reanalysis datasets for the period of December 1958 to February 2020. Over the entire period, Korean SAT is positively correlated with the AO index with a statistically significant correlation coefficient, greater than 0.4, only in the boreal winter. It is found that this correlation is not static but changes on the decadal time scale. While the 15-year moving correlations are as high as 0.6 in 1980s and 1990s, they are smaller than 0.3 in the other decades. It is revealed that this decadal variation is partly due to the AO structure change over the North Pacific. In the period of 1980s-1990s, the AO-related sea level pressure fluctuation is strong and well defined over the western North Pacific and the related temperature advection effectively changes the winter SAT over Korea. In the other periods, the AO-related circulation anomaly is either weak or mostly confined within the central North Pacific. This result suggests that Korean SAT-AO index relationship, which becomes insignificant in recent decades is highly dependent on mean flow change in the North Pacific.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제5권1_2호
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• pp.36-47
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 기존 Exxon group의 순차층서 모델이 갖고 있는 적용의 한계성을 극복하기 위하여 다중변수 순차층서 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델에서는 2~3차수의 주기성을 갖고 변화되는 범세계적 해수면 변동, 지구조운동, 퇴적물 공급 등의 영향요소를 모두 변수로 간주하며, 이들 요소에 의해 순차층의 내부구성과 경계면 타입이 결정된다. 순차층을 구성하는 기본 단위로 해석적 층서단위인 퇴적계 연합체(systems tract)대신, 내부 지층의 집적형태에 의해 구분되는 기술적 층서단위인 부순차층세트(parasequence set)를 채택하였으며, 부순차층세트의 타입은 상대적 해수면 변동과 퇴적물 공급속도의 변화를 반영한다. 따라서 본 순차층서 모델은, 네 가지 타입의 상대적 해수면 변동과 세 등급의 퇴적물 공급 변화 사이의 조합으로써 예상되는 단일 또는 $2{\~}4$개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 7가지 타입의 순차층을 보여준다. 다중변수 순차층서 모델을 울릉분지 남서부 대륙주변부에 적용한 결과, 순차층의 타입은 울릉분지의 형성과 닫힘에 따른 3단계의 분지주변부 지구조 운동의 변화를 잘 반영한다. 즉, 순차층을 구성하는 부순차층세트 조합의 변화와 울릉분지 지구조 운동의 타입과 속도가 시기적으로 일치 한다. 해저면의 급격한 침강을 동반한 울릉분지의 후열도 열개 동안에는 분지의 급격 한 침강으로 인해 상대적 인 해수면은 지속적으로 상승되었고, 많은 양의 퇴적물이 공급되어 1개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 순차층이 형성되었다. 이후, 압축성 변형을 동반한 울릉분지의 닫힘 동안에는, 분지 침강이 느려지고 국지적으로 융기가 일어나 하강 또는 상승우세의 상대적 해수면 변동이 야기되었고, 또한 지구조적 요인에 의해 통제되는 퇴적물 집적속도의 지역적인 차이로 인하여 변형대와 비변형대에서 상이한 순차층이 형성되었다. 분지 닫힘단계 이후에는 다시 해저면이 전반적으로 침강되면서, 상승이 우세한 상대적 해수면 변동과 보통 또는 빠른 퇴적물 집적속도가 결합하여 2-3개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 순차층을 형성하였다.