• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 효소의 재활용성과 안정성을 확보하기 위해 자석으로 분리가 가능한 polyaniline nanofiber를 개발하였다. 개발된 고정화 효소는 상온에서 8일 동안 90% 이상의 활성도를 보유하였으며 온도가 높은 $55^{\circ}C$에서는 60% 이상의 활성도를 보유하여 안정성의 유지현상을 보였다. 개발된 고정화 효소는 자석으로 분리가 가능하였으며 이 효소를 이용하여 curdlan, agarose, cellulose, 및 미역을 분해한 결과 포도당을 생산하였으며 curdlan을 분해시킨 경우에는 분해 속도가 1.2 g/L/h로 나타나 다른 다당류에 비해 3-10배 이상 빠른 속도를 나타내었다. 고정화 효소를 반복하여 사용하는 경우 10번 반복 사용했을 때 75% 이상의 활성도를 유지하는 것으로 측정되었다. 젖은 미역 줄기를 10 g/L를 분해하기 위하여 5 mg의 고정화 효소를 사용한 결과 24시간 만에 1 g/L의 glucose를 생산하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.468-478
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• 2014

Objectives: Intake of fruits and vegetables has protective effects against stroke attack. This study intended to examine the status of consuming fruits and vegetables and to find out which factors may influence the frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables in individuals with a history of stroke. Methods: The data of 208 subjects from 5th (2010, 2011) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) who reported a stroke diagnosis was used for analysis. To identify major factors influencing the consumption of fruits and vegetables, a classification-tree analysis was carried out. Results: Among those who reported a stroke diagnosis, the frequencies of consumption of fruits and vegetables were influenced by their age, place of residence (urban or rural), economic status, educational level, occupation, number of family members, frequency of eating out, and having meals (breakfast or lunch) with family members. Two factors from fruits and three factors from vegetables were generated by exploratory factor analyses. Urban residents ate fruits and vegetables more frequently in all factors than rural residents. Eating frequencies of 'seasonal fruits (orange, apple, strawberry, melon, pear and watermelon)', 'easily-accessible fruits (persimmon, tangerine, grape, peach, banana)', and 'Western-style vegetables (cabbage, mushroom, carrot, tomato, spinach)' were influenced by the socioeconomic status. Eating frequencies of 'Korean-style vegetables (bean sprout, radish leaves, pumpkin/squash, sea weed)', 'preserved vegetables (Korean cabbage, radish, laver, cucumber)' were influenced by having breakfast with family members. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that by eating more fruits and vegetables, more preventive effects against secondary stroke attack are expected in stroke patients who live in the rural areas and who do not eat breakfast with family members. In addition, more outreach and education programs are needed for them.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 1981

우리나라 미역양식의 발상지인 동해남부연안의 미역양식장에서 세균성이라고 생각되는 미역녹반증과징소갑각류의 기생에 연한 바늘구멍증, 미역 속구멍증 등의 병충해와 계장홍조류인 플리시포니아의 착생에 인한 피해를 확인할 수 있었다. 1. 김 녹반증과 유사한 녹색의 반점이 미역엽상체의 하반부에 나타나서 점차 확대되면서 반점의 조직이 붕괴하여 녹색의 테두리를 가진 구멍이 엽면에 생긴다. 엽상체 끝 부분의 구명은 더욱 확대 유합하여 끝 녹음을 조장하는 결과가 된다. 이 병증은 동일양식장에서도 중심부일수록 피해가심하고 주녹부, 특히 외해쪽은 피해가 적었다. 이 병증이 있는 엽체는 외관상 건전한 엽체보다 $70\sim100$배 더 세균에 오탁되어 있었으며 병증이 있는 엽체에서 분리된 세균중에서 다음 여에 속하는 균주가 많았다. Moraxella, Acromobacter, Vibrio, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas. 2. 엽체에 1열로 동일간격으로 $5\sim10$개의 미세한 바늘구멍을 여기 저기에 볼 수 있었고 이들 바늘구멍이 다소 불규칙하게 모여 있는 것도 희구했다. 이것은 요각류인 Harpacticoid의 1종인 Thalestris sp.의 기생에 의한 것이다. 이 기생이 발견되었던 초기는 3월경에 나타났었으나 점차 출현시기가 앞당겨져서 지금은 전등의 12월부터 출현한다. 3. 단각류의 1종인 미역속별레, Ceinina japonica Stephesen이 중륵에 기생하여 엽상체 유실의 원인도 되고 심한 것은 중륵에서 종으로 엽상체가 2분되는 것도 있었다. 이것은 양식말기에 주로 나타난다. 4. 조간대 암상에 생육하는 폴리시포니아 Polysiphonia spp.가 종연와 함께 씨줄에 다수 착생하였다가 양식장에서 미역 유아와 경합을 하여 미역 착생면을 차지하여 피해를 준다. 끝으로 본 조사는 1980등도 문교부연구조성비로 수행되었으며, 세균을 분리동정해 주신 장동석 교수와그의 교실원에 감사한다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.362-373
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• 2010

We reviewed previous studies on well-performing aquaculture facilities, rearing environment, breeding management and feed supply to find the optimal conditions of the abalone aquaculture in marine cage. The size of marine cage varied depending on local area where the abalone farms are located. The small size cage ($2.4{\times}2.4{\times}2.5$ m) was used in Wando, Jindo and Hanam area where much of the provincial's abalone production is conducted and the middle size cage ($2.4{\times}4.8{\times}2.5$ m) was used in Huksando area. Big size group, above 2 cm in shell length, was produced from the end of October to the middle of November and small size group, below 2 cm in shell length, was produced from the end of March to the beginning of April next year in case of juvenile abalone of land production. The initial stocking density was 517-1,653 individuals/culture square meter($m^2$) in case of the big size group. The optimal rearing density was 326 and 263 individuals/culture square meter ($m^2$) after 1 year and 2 year's rearing, respectively. It is shown that relationship between individual shell length (x) and rearing density (y) is estimated to be $y=2,803.1x^{-1.4641}$ ($r^2=0.9687$). In addition, The obvious relationship was indicated between number of cage (x) and sea weed production facilities (y) as y=1.1542x+10.832 ($r^2=0.918$) in Wando, because sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) or japanese tangle (Laminaria japonica) was supplied as a feed for abalone culture. The general pattern of relationship between shell length (x) and shell weight (y) of cultured abalone is estimated to be $y=0.1443x^{2.9461}$ ($r^2=0.9997$).

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2014

전라남도 연안에서 대량 생산되고 있는 해조류 5종(다시마 미역 김 파래 톳)을 대상으로 새로운 추출방법인 아임계 추출법을 도입하여 기존의 추출방법(열수, 용매추출)과 비교를 통하여 전남산 해조류의 기능성 측정 및 효율적인 추출물에 대한 자료를 확보하기 위해 조사를 실시하였다. 해조류 추출물 제조는 열수($80^{\circ}C$, 4시간), 용매추출(methanol, ethanol, 실온, 4시간)과 아임계 추출(압력 3 MPa, 온도 90, 150, $210^{\circ}C$)을 이용하여 제조하였다. 추출 수율은 아임계 추출＞열수 추출＞용매 추출 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 아임계 추출의 경우 추출 온도 조건이 높아지면서 수율 또한 증가하였으며 $210^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 수율 결과를 나타냈다. 해조류 추출물의 총당 분석 결과 열수와 용매 추출의 경우 모든 시료에서 열수 추출이 높은 총당 함량을 보였으며, 아임계 추출의 경우 모든 조건(90, 150, $210^{\circ}C$)의 추출물이 용매 추출보다는 높은 총당 함량을 보였다. 시료별 총당 함량의 경우 열수 추출물은 파래, 김, 톳, 미역, 다시마 순으로 당 함량이 높았으며, 이러한 결과는 아임계 추출의 경우에서도 동일한 결과를 보였다. 환원당 분석 결과도 총당 결과와 유사하였다. 5종 해조류 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 $210^{\circ}C$ 아임계 추출물＞ $150^{\circ}C$ 아임계 추출물＞ $90^{\circ}C$ 아임계 추출물＞열수 추출물＞methanol 추출물＞ethanol 추출물 순으로 높게 나타났다. 해조류 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거능을 측정한 결과, 모든 해조류 시료에서 열수 추출, 용매 추출, 3 MPa, $90^{\circ}C$ 아임계 추출물의 $SC_{50}$ 값은 서로 유사한 결과를 보였으며, $150^{\circ}C$ 아임계 추출물의 경우 농도가 조금 낮아졌으며, 특히 $210^{\circ}C$아임계 추출물의 경우 $SC_{50}$ 농도가 현저히 낮아져 항산화 활성이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 미백효과 실험을 위해 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 살펴본 결과 톳과 김이 가장 효과가 좋았으며 미역, 다시마, 미역귀 순으로 나타났고, 파래의 경우 거의 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 새로운 추출방법인 아임계 추출법은 다른 방법에 비하여 높은 항산화 활성을 보여준다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었고, 이러한 추출공정은 식품소재로부터 기능성 성분을 보다 더 효과적으로 추출하는 방법으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.595-604
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• 2018

종이 공예 및 한지 산업, 문화재 보존 등에 활용을 위한 천연 바이오 접착제를 개발하기 위해 해초류 중 갈조류, 홍조류의 복합 다당류를 추출하여 이를 접착 성분으로 사용하였다. 갈조류는 감태, 다시마, 대황, 미역, 홍조류는 도박, 우뭇가사리, 풀가사리, 후노리로 갈조류와 홍조류에 포함된 비수용성 Ca 착물 형태의 다당류를 수용성의 1 가 알칼리 금속이 포함된 수용성 다당류들로 변형하여 추출하고 알코올 침전을 이용하여 다당류만을 얻고자 하였다. 갈조류는 다시마의 접착 인장 강도가 21.58 kgf, 홍조류는 도박이 32.99 kgf를 나타내어 물풀(18.45 kgf)과 딱풀(20.45 kgf)로 알려진 고체풀의 접착력에 상회하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이 추출된 다당류들은 추출 환경에 따라서 추출 수율이 결정되었지만, 접착도에는 차이를 나타나지 않고 있어서 추출 환경이 아니라 생육 환경에 의해 다당류의 형태가 결정되어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 추출 시에 다단계의 알코올 침전법을 사용함으로 추출 과정에서 단백질 및 기타 다당류를 제외한 구성 성분들이 제거된 결과가 나타나서 곰팡이 배양이 되지 않는 안정한 결과를 보이고 있었으며, 단순 용해에 의한 접착제 제작 후에도 곰팡이의 발생이 없어서 친환경 접착 재료로서의 사용이 가능한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.111-141
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• 1998

Why are auctions so prevalent in fisheries fields\ulcorner One answer is, perhaps, that fisheries products have no standard value. The price of any catch of fish (at least of fish destined for the fresh fish market) depends on the demand and supply conditions at a specific moment of time, influenced by prospective market developments and prices must be remade for each transaction. There are various auction schemes including written-bid method in Korea. It is difficult to make decision the application of auction selling in market distribution. One reason is the absence of adequate data on which to base firm statements. There is very little precise information about the relative volume handled by auction scheme as compared with other sales schemes Because of the paucity reliable data, one must depend largely on qualitative in attempting to above this problem. This paper is designed to examine which auction scheme is more efficient as a economic tool by introducing the three auctions, as samples, utilized in Koheung peninsula. Koheung coast with abundant fisheries resource, locates on the Middle-South part in Korea and has three auction firm operating by fisheries cooperatives. fur selling of dry fish included sea weed, live fish and fresh fish respectively, As a result, 1 found that there are three interesting auction schemes as follow : 1. More than one winners are selected as buyers. The highest bidder can at first get fishes he wants to buy, second winner can get surplus fishes after the highest bidder employes one's privilege with the highest pay, and next winner would be a buyer if fishes would be left in sequence after being sold with higher price. Every fisherman can sell one' s fishes with equal unit price if he delivery it to the winner within one day. Therefore, all the vendors feel they are equal members of fisheries cooperation. 2. Written-bid pricing on the cover of handy book. It is easy to write and to erase the figure more than on the small black board, and is convenient also to keep in the pocket. 3. Auctioning on the fixed platform with fixed fish tank is a very fast auction scheme in spite of short displaying time. Auctioneer presides bidding at one place on the fixed platform, instead of moving, vendors should carry a container of live fishes in the fish tank into showing table in front of would-be buyers and auctioneer. Although the applicability of the auction system to a marketing problem depends in part on subjective considerations by those making decision, basically it is a matter of comparative economic efficiency. In general, if the scheme maximizes returns in relation to the effort expanded by both buyers and sellers, it will be utilized. If it does not, a more efficiency may take place over a period of time, but, even more important, those making decisions may become aware of the potentialities of new schemes. Therefore, in order to applicate the three interesting auction schemes introduced in this paper to other fisheries market, it is necessary not only to analyze many other auction schemes but also to compare the economic efficiency those schemes utilizing in other fisheries market.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.325-325
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• 2017

In the 20th century, the average temperature of Korea has risen by $1.5^{\circ}C$, whereas it has risen by $0.6^{\circ}C$ globally. Few studies have investigated the effect of seeding date in hilly pastures on their growth characteristics and productivity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of seeding dates at a hilly pasture establishment on its growth characteristics and productivity caused by increasing temperatures in Korea. The experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at Pyeongchang, South Korea, at an altitude 600-700 m above sea level. The composition of grass mixture was tall fescue, orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, timothy, and white clover. Treatments comprised four seeding dates (August 13 and 27, and September 10 and 24). The establishment rate was lowest on September 24, resulting in only 20% establishment over the winter, and the proportion of weeds was highest on September 24 (58%). Early seedling growth before overwintering is a critical approach to ensure successful establishment of grassland. The main components were orchard grass and tall fescue on the early seeding date (August 13), and Kentucky bluegrass on the late seeding date (September 24). Late seeding increased the proportion of bare lands invaded by weed species, especially during second and third cutting periods. Early seeding date resulted in a progressive increase in biomass. Total annual production was significantly affected by the seeding date; lowest dry matter production was on September 24 ($2,441kg\;ha^{-1}$), whereas maximum dry matter yield was on August 27 ($6,608kg\;ha^{-1}$). The results of the study indicate that growth condition and productivity could be increased by early seeding, and seeding of grass in the Pyeongchang area should be completed before August 27. However, further studies are needed to determine the ideal seeding date at the hilly pasture establishment in Pyeongchang.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1978

식용해조인 둥근돌김(Perphyra suborbiculata), 잎파래 (Enteromorpha linza), 구멍갈파래 (Ulva pertusa) 미역 (Undaria pinnatifida, 자연생 및 양식), 모자반 (Sargassum fulvellum), 쎌만모자반(Sargassum kjellmanianum) 누운첨각(Codium coarctatum)의 NaOH 가용성 단백질 추출에 영향을 미치는 제요소 즉, 추출용액의 농도, 용매량, 온도, 시간에 따른 조단백질과 순단백질(TCA 불용성 단백질)의 추출 결과를 요약하면 다음과 갈다. 1. 전시료가 0.05M NaOH 용액에서 가장 좋은 추출성적을 얻었으나, TCA 불용성 단백질은 $0.01\~0.025M$에서 추출성적이 좋았으므로, 0.025M에서 추출함이 좋을 것 간다. 2. 시료-용매비(w/v)는 건조시료 1g에 대하여 100ml의 용매를 첨가함이 좋은 것 같다. 3. 추출시간은 녹조류는 1시간, 양식미역 2시간, 자연생미역, 쎌만모자반, 모자반은 3시간에 최고의 추출성적을 얻었다. 4. 추출온도는 전시료가 $60^{\circ}C$에서 최고의 추출성적을 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1977

Recently, culture of Undaria pinnatifida, one of the representative esculent sea weed, has been prevailing in tile east and south coasta of Korea and reached the mass culture stage. In this study, compositional quality factors for food were studied and the contributory effects of blanching and pigment fixatives in the quality retention of cultured Undaria pinnatifida are discussed. When the place and time of harvesting were the same, cultured pinnatifida showed scarce difference in the chemical composition comparing to tile naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida, but cultured Undaria pinnatifida shelved a considerable difference depending upon the cultured places. In the chemical composition of Undaria pinnatifida, the alginic acid comprising about $40\%$ of the whole solid materials seemed to be responsible for the compositional puality. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the clutured Unaria pinnatifida were considerably lower than that of the naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida and wass inferior in puality by color to the naturally grown one. Dried Undaria pinnatifida contained a considerable amount of amino-N, mannitol, and soluble minerals and it is considered that these components play a great role in the relish effects. It could also be evaluated as a good albuminous source for food science the dried pinnatifida contains about $18\%$ of crude protein. In the analysis of free amino acid composition of dried Undaria pinnatifida, the naturally growm samples showed so what higher levels in all amino acid content than the cultured samples. The contents of theronine, alanine, and glutamic acid were major in quantity wherease histidine cysteine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were minor. The contents of such amino acids like serine and proline were particularly low or undetectable. The results of amino acid analysis of the acid hydrolysates of dried Undaria pinnatifida in quantity of individual amino acid showed te same pattern as that of free amino acid. It is noticed that Undaria pinnatifida seemed to contain good quality protein since the contents of essential amino acids were considerably higher and uniform. By blanching the fresh sample, the water soluble components brought about cousiderable loss, and, particularly, it was noteworthy that both mannitol and soluble minerals apparently decreased. In the pigment analysis of the dried sample, blanching was effective to retain chlorophyll and carotenoid. The addition of pigment fixatives in blanching solution such as Ca-gluconate, Ca-carbonate, and Ca-hydroxide did not exhibit much effect on the pigment retention except that Ca-carbonate shelved some effect only in the early stage of storage.