• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.409-415
• /
• 1993

For the use of sea mustard in snack food as the supplement of minerals and nutrients, three types of product like sweet jelly, jam and candy were prepared adding fresh sea mustard homogenates, dried sea mustard powder and sea mustard extract, respectively. That were prepared by four different ways, cold water extract, hot water extract, $1\%$ NaOH extract and $95\%$ ethanol extract. The extract contains plenty of particulary iodine and calcium in hot water extract and other nutrients. Judging by sensory evaluation, color, flavor and taste of jam, sweet jelly and candy added with sea mustard, products were satisfactory to attractive snack food for children and these could be useful as the source of minerals and nutrients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.410-415
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to observe the antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of kochujang added with sea tangle and deep sea water salts (SDK) and kochujang added with sea tangle (SK) using the Ames test and SRB assay, respectively. The direct antimutagenic effect of SDK and SK methanol extracts were examined by Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In the Ames test, methanol extract of SDK and SK alone did not exhibit mutagenicity and most of the samples showed high antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Methanol extract of SDK ($200{\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 71.4% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain; whereas 56.1% and 83.6% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenensis induced by 4NQO and MNNG against TA100 strain. The cytotoxic effects of SDK and SK increased with increasing sample concentration against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS), and human lung carcinoma (A549). The SDK at the concentration of 1 mg/ml showed cytotoxicities of 61.5%, 61.3%, 51.4%, 57.9% and 77.7% against HeLa, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and A549, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/ml treatment of SDK and SK methanol extract had only $2{\sim}38%$ cytotoxicity on human transformed primary embryonal kidney cell (293).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.898-903
• /
• 2015

Noroviruses (NoV) are known to cause acute epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Outbreak strains are predominantly genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) in oysters Crassostrea gigas. We investigated the changes in concentration of male specific coliphage (MSC) and NoV under heat treatment of the naturally contaminated oyster, Crassostrea gigas. After heat treatment for 5 min in $85^{\circ}C$, no viable MSC was detected. The concentrations of GI and GII NoV decreased by 1.65 log and 2.25 log, respectively, following heat treatment for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$. Moreover, both GI and GII NoV were completely deactivated by heat treatment for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of norovirus infection from contaminated oysters, immersion in boiling water for at least 10 min is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.449-454
• /
• 2022

The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) based on the water temperature and body size of the sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi was examined to provide quantitative information about the metabolic response of the species. OCRs were measured using a closed flow-through respirometer at four different water temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25℃) and two different body sizes (21.4±1.1 g and 150.5±1.3 g, wet weight) with triplicates of each treatment. OCR increased as water temperature increased at both body sizes, but decreased as body size increased regardless of the water temperature (P<0.001). The effect of body size evaluated as a power function ranged from 0.8055 to 0.8884. The highest Q₁₀ values in the small and large size groups ranged from 15 to 20℃ and 20 to 25℃, respectively. The metabolic daily energy loss rate via respiration at all tested temperatures ranged from 56.2 to 106.1 J g^-1 d^-1 in the small-size group and from 44.5 to 92.0 J g^-1 d^-1 in the large-size group. Our results indicate that the metabolic response of H. roretzi highly depends on fluctuating water temperature at a given life stage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.672-678
• /
• 2012

Colitis and constipation are the most common intestinal complaints worldwide. This study examined the beneficial effects of sea cucumber powder for TNBS-induced colitis in ICR mice(n=6/group) and loperamide-induced constipation in rats(n=8/group). Animals were divided into normal and four dried see cucumber treated groups that were named Nor, Con(0 mg/kg), GI(30 mg/kg), GII(100 mg/kg) and GIII(300 mg/kg). In order to induce colitis and constipation, 5% TNBS was injected into distal colon and loperamide (2 mg/kg, twice a day, peroral) was treated for 5 day in the four experimental groups but not the normal group. Gross finding score was decreased tendency by oral administration of sea cucumber in colitis-induced animal model, but colonic weight was not different. Excreted fecal pellet number, weight and water content were increased in the sea cucumber-treated group compared to the non-treated group. The fecal pellet number was reduced within distal colon of the sea cucumber-treated groups. Interestingly, intestinal transit length was increased compared to the non-treated group. Our results demonstrated that colitis and constipation were improved by sea cucumber treatment in the animal models. Specifically, gross finding score in TNBS-induced colitis model was improved by sea cucumber. After animals being fed sea cucumber, excreted fecal number, weight, water contents, and fecal number within distal colon and colonic transit length also get better in loperamide-induced constipation model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2000

When sewage and industrial wastewater are treated to improve the coastal water quality, we usually consider the reduction of BOD and/or COD. Due to the inflow of untreated nitrogen and phosphorus, however, the coastal water has eutrophicated. Thus, to improve the water qualify, it is necessary to treat and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus which are the factors limiting algal growth. Hence, with regard to the adaption of Ocean Outfall for the treatment of wastewater in Suyoung Bay, we studied the effectiveness and environmental assessment of Ocean Outfall of which cost is lower than that of advanced treatment, The effectiveness of Ocean Outfall of the second treatment effluent in Nambu S.T.P. was simulated, using the eco-hydrodynamic model as far field model the result showed that the water quality of coastal area receiving wastewater on the surface sea has improved. But the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus around the diffuser of Ocean Outfall system can cause many problems on estuary, such as red tide, eutrophication and aquatic toxicity.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.28 no.10 s.96
• /
• pp.955-960
• /
• 2004

The treated ballast water from previous treatment contains microorganisms and pathogenic organisms in an electrolytic treatment system. The experimental methods included using a peristaltic flow pump placed upward on an electrode pole. Due to the reaction time, the hydraulic retention time indicated unlike microorganisms on the flow rate. In electrolysis, dioxide iridium-coated titanium (Ti/Ir02) and stainless steel plates were used for the anode and cathode, respectively. Current density controls make use of a DC power supply on 250V, 100Amper. Experimental use of a current density between 0.1 and 1.0A/dm2 was able to disinfect the microorganism (E. coli, Bacteria, Bacillus sp.) in seawater for 5 seconds of reaction time. The removal rate was approximately $90\%,$ while the current density was 2.0A/dm2 and the electrode distance was 75mm. This study shows that the electrolytic treatment system has a potential for the sterilization of ballast water.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.503-512
• /
• 2017

Over the past few years, as maritime trade and traffic were highly expanding, problem of invasive species via ballast water have been raised. In 1988, Canada and Australia had firstly experience that unexpected and hazardous species were observed on their own sea, they have issued the problem to MEPC under the IMO. At the end of many years of discussion, on the diplomatic conference in 13 Feb. 2004, "International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Sediments of the Ship" was adopted. Requirements for entering into force of this Convention is that 30 countries ratify and world merchant marine fleet is more than 35% and BWM Convention will be effected after 12months from date satisfying conditions. With Finland ratifying the BWM Convention on 8 Sep. 2016, the fleet amounted to 35.1441% and ratification country became 52 countries. Therefore, after 12month, BWM Convention will be formally effected on 8 Sep. 2017. Ballast Water Treatment System is to be fitted in new ships as well as existing ships. Thus, there are concerns of ship owners to be suitably installed a variety typed BWTS in many kinds of vessels. As approaching for resolving these problems, engineering analysis was carried out research studies and detailed design to analyze to optimal installation space for retrofitting a BWTS using 3D Scanning method, targeting representative DWT 180K Bulk carrier of dry cargo vessels charged more 40% on worldwide vessel and mainly two type BWTS as electrolysis treatment type and ultra violet treatment type. Optimal design of 3D Scanning technology was applied to analyze four step process and the overall conclusion was described in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 1999

This paper presents a study of geotechnical treatment for artesian pressure after extensive investigation was performed on the distribution and characteristics of artesian condition which exists at Yangsan/Mulgeurn site. The result of analysis indicates that the artesian pressure seems to be up to 2.9M above the existing ground surface, originating from the higher ground water recharging sources in the surrounding hills and mountains. There is no harmful effect after the site development since the height of embankment is more than 4M above the existing ground surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
• /
• 2001.04a
• /
• pp.62-65
• /
• 2001

This thesis related to a reactive black dyes containing acetoxyethyl sulfone moiety which is characterized by lessening the loss of dyes in filtering process owing to the low solubility by introducing the aminophenyl- $\beta$ -acetoxyethyl sulfone moiety, saving the cost for waste water treatment by using a small amount of salt in salting-out process and furthermore obtaining bright color with high dyeing yield and substantivity.