• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

Huang 등[1996]이 제안한 해양방류 혼합구역에 대한 분석방법을 활용하여 마산만 해양방류 해역의 혼합구역에서 주변해수의 흐름과 밀도성층의 변화에 따른 혼합 희석에 의한 수중방류하수의 농도변화분포를 산정하였다. 방류해역에서 5월 중순부터 8월 중순까지 3개월 동안 연속 관측된 조류의 매 시간별 유향과 유속변화에 따른 혼합구역에서의 하수농도분포를 계산하고, 마산만 해수유동에 있어 가장 큰 요소인 조류의 변화를 고려하여 15일 간격으로 방류하수의 평균된 농도분포를 구하였다. 이 결과에 의하면 조류의 유속이 상대적으로 강했던 기간동안에는 혼합구역에서의 평균농도는 매우 낮았고, 유속이 약했던 기간에는 낮은 희석률로 인해 평균농도가 매우 높게 나타났다. 그리고 관측된 조류의 주 방향으로 인해 혼합구역이 방류해역의 서측 해안까지 확장됨을 나타내었으며, 이는 방류해역에서 조사된 퇴적물의 오염도 분포결과와도 잘 일치되었다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2000

A demand of marine outfall system has been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into the coastline, or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model have been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed result was applied to the Pusan Jungang effluent outfall system plan.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.85.2-93
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• 2000

A demand of marine outfall system have been much increased for the effective disposal of the wastewater due to population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into coastline or at the deep water, or between these two. The discharge is carried out by constructing a pipeline on the sea bed with a diffuser or with a tunnel, risers and appropriate. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. Thus there have been growing interests about plume behaviour around the outfall system. Plume or jet discharged from single-port or multi-port diffuser might cause certain impacts on coastal environment. Near field mixing characteristics of discharged water field using CORMIX model with has been studied for effective outfall design various conditions on ambient current, depth, flow rate, effluent concentration, diffuser specification, port specification etc.. This kind of analysis is necessary to deal with water quality problems caused by the ocean discharge. The analyzed vesult was applied to the Pusan Jungang dffluent outfall system plan.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.247-253
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• 2004

As a large scale port development in coastal waters proceeds step by step and populations in the vicinity of port are getting increased, the issue on "how to dispose the treated municipal water and wastewater in harbor" brings peoples′ concern. The submarine outfall system discharges the primary or secondary treated effluent at the coastline or in deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding sea water and becomes very dilute. We intended in this paper to investigate the impact on dilution of effluent and the behavior of flume under the conditions of the seasonal and spatial temperature variations, which have not been noticeable in designing effective marine outfall system. To predict and analyze the behaviour and dilution characteristics of plume not just with the effluent temperature, but also with the seasonal variation of temperature of surround water and tidal changes, CORMIX(Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)-GI have been applied. The results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of discharged water. We hope to help for the effective operation of outfall system, probable outfall design, protection of water quality, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2015

For the water quality improvement in the ocean outfall area of sewage treatment plant, this study tried to control the water quality of outfall area using the biofilter method through seaweeds, a way of ecological engineering treatment that is applicable in the marine ecosystem. Therefore, this research made an attempt the main factors necessary for creating seaweed bed to improve water quality in the outfall area of sewage treatment plant, and the results are as follows. In the case of making the seaweed bed in the ocean outfall area of sewage treatment plant, Habitat Suitability Index of Ecklonia cava per all survey points, considered physical and physico-chemical factors in 5~10 meters below sea level, was 50~93% (average 80%), so this seaweed, Ecklonia cava, was suitable for making the seaweed bed.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제10권S_3호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2001

To improve the water quality, particularly for sea bathers, the behaviour of wastewater from sewage outfalls in water adjacent to Swansea, UK, was studied using a mathematical model. The water quality in the sewage receiving basin was determined using factors like the outfall diffuser location(distance from land boundary), sewage treatment scheme, discharge time, and bacteria decay rate, etc. With respect to these factors, an optimal strategy for sewage discharge was then investigated to minimize bacteria levels along the bathing beaches. As water quality criteria, predicted faecal coliform levels were monitored along the coast adjacent to the outfall locations. The resultant values were compared with EC Mandatory(<2000, 95 % of 20 samples) and Guideline Standards(< 100, 80 % of 20 samples). For the advective-diffusion equation, the non linear advective terms were represented using the ULTIMATE algorithm and the third-order accurate QUICKEST scheme to avoid numerical diffusion. Details of the simulation results are then presented as an optimal policy for sewage discharge in the region.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

수역의 수질개선을 위하여 생활하수, 산업폐수를 처리할 때 주로 BOD 또는 COD를 저하시키는데 주안점을 두어왔으나 제거되지 않은 질소와 인의 유입으로 인하여 해역은 부영양화가 진행되고 있다. 따라서 향후 수질을 개선하기 위해서는 조류증식의 제한인자인 질소와 인의 처리가 필요하다. 고차처리를 적용할 경우보다 건설비용과 유지관리비가 적게 소요되는 해중방류(Ocean Outfall)을 적용하였을 때 그 효과를 검토하였다. 남부하수처리장 2차처리수를 해중 방류했을 때 수영만 전역에 미치는 영향을 far-field 모델인 생태-유체역학 모델을 이용하여 예측한 결과, 과거 남부하수처리수가 해수면에 유입되던 용호만의 수질은 많은 개선을 보였으나 방류관 주변에서 무기질소와 인의 농도가 해역환경기준 III등급으로 적조나 부영양화의 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.272-277
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• 2005

Initial mixing characteristics in near field regions were analyzed by FLOW-3D, for analyzing mixing behavior of submerged discharge from freshwater lake in sea water. FLOW-3D model was applied to the region near Geum-ho dike for its verification. Simulation results from FLOW-3D were compared to the observed data for the verification periods. FLOW-3D showed resonable prediction results compared to the observed data, except underestimation in area near outfall. Particularly, FLOW-3D showed a good prediction for movement of buoyancy jets. In addition, FLOW-3D model was applied to the region near Saemangeum dike, which is to be constructed in near future. It was expected that the results of model application to Saemangeum area could provide substantial information in planning submerged discharge facilities. Based on the model applications to Saemangeum area, it was recommended that outfall should be located to the distance which gave an enough depth of outfall from water surface.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.954-959
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• 2022

Marine outfalls are used to discharge treated liquid effluents to the environment. An efficiently designed, constructed and operated marine outfall effectively dilutes the discharged effluent, thereby reducing the risk to biota and humans dependent upon the marine environment. In this study, we investigated the effluent transport from a marine outfall at different depths in Masan Bay. A particle-tracking model was used to predict the dispersion of effluent. The model results indicate that some particles released from a depth of 13 m move to the inner area of Masan Bay within 48 h. As the release depth increases after 48 h, the particles move further southward. This suggests that effluent from the outer area of Masan Bay can affect the inner area, and that this effect can be reduced by increasing the depth of effluent release.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.947-953
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• 2004

연안에서 대규모 항만개발이 단계적으로 진행되고 항만 부근역에서의 인구가 더욱 더 증가되면서 항만의 오폐수 및 도시하수의 처리방안에 대한 문제가 관심을 끌고 있다. 오폐수를 1차 또는 2차 처리한 후 수중 방류관을 통해 해안이나 심해 또는 그 중간지점에서 방류하는데, 오폐수가 방류되면 주변 해수를 연행하여 플룸, 제트 또는 부양성 제트의 형태로 해수면까지 상승하면서 크게 희석된다. 본 연구는 효율적인 해양방류시스템의 설계시 간과되어온 계절적, 공간적인 해수온도의 변화에 따른 플룸의 거동 및 희석 특성에의 영향을 다루고자 한다. 방류수의 수온 뿐 아니라 방류지점의 계절적 주변수의 온도변화를 고려하여 CORMIX-GI을 적용하였다. 결과를 방류수의 혼합역 특성을 평가하는데 사용시에는 주의하여야 한다. 이 연구가 방류관의 효율적 운영, 바람직한 방류관의 설계, 수질보호, 발전소의 온배수 방류문제 등에 도움이 되기를 바란다.