• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2005

The antimicrobial resistance patterns to the 10 antimicrobial agents of potential pathogenic vibrios isolated from seawater and a variety of farmed fishes, including oliver flounder (Payalichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagyus major) and sea bass (Lateolabyax japonicus), were investigated from May to October, 2004. A total of 314 strains of the genus vibrios were isolated from 126 collected samples, and the number of isolated strains of Vibrio payahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus were 194 and 120, respectively. Apparently $98.5\%$ of V. parahaemolyticus and $100\%$ of V. alginolyticus isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance against at least one antimicrobial agent. The resistance of V. parahaernolyticus isolates to ampicillin ($97.9\%$) was highest, followed by oxolinic acid ($26.8\%$), amikacin ($19.1\%$) and tetracycline and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ($6.7\%$). V. alginolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin ($100\%$), solfamethoxazoleit,imethopenem ($25\%$), amikacln ($21.7\%$), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ($15.8\%$), ciprofloxacin ($13.3\%$), and tetracycline and doxycycline ($11.7\%$). The rate of multiple antimicrobial resistance to at least four antimicrobials was higher in the V. alginolyticus isolates ($20.8\%$) than in the V. parahaemolyticus ($6.7\%$).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 2012

There is a limitation to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake due to a lack of data on vitamin $B_{12}$ content in many Korean foods. In this study, vitamin $B_{12}$ content was determined in some seaweeds, fish, and shellfish and their product that are consumed in Korea using a modified microbioassay with Lactobacillus delbruecki ATCC 7830. Dried laver and dried seasoned and toasted laver contained very high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ (66.8 and $55.2-71.3\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Sea lettuce and seaweed fulvescene also contained high vitamin $B_{12}$ content of 5.47-9.41 and $6.46-7.20\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively, whereas sea mustard and sea tangle contained low levels of vitamin $B_{12}$; vitamin $B_{12}$ was not detected in seaweed fusifome. Pacific saury, trout, sea-bass, or squid contained 12.01, 2.00, 0.49 and $2.33\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Ochellatus octopus, and naked sand lance contained 0.72-1.43 and $3.68\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Dried Alaska pollack con-tained $0.19-2.64\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g. Shellfish such as little neck clam and small ark shellfish contained high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ of $30.5-40.5\;{\mu}g$/100 g, and mussel and abalone contained 17.71 and $7.82\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Of unique Korean traditional fermented seafood products, salt-fermented products of squid ($2.91\;{\mu}g$/100 g), clams ($34.31\;{\mu}g$/100 g), Ala-ska pollack roe ($9.98-12.02\;{\mu}g$/100 g), hairtail guts ($4.58\;{\mu}g$/100 g) or small shrimp ($0.58-1.55\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fish sauce from anchovies ($1.52-1.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL), sand eel ($0.22-0.24\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) or small shrimp ($0.19-0.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) were analyzed. A few commercial brands of flying fish roe ($0.73-1.73\;{\mu}g$/100 g), canned tuna ($0.40\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fried fish paste ($0.25-0.69\;{\mu}g$/100 g) were also analyzed. In conclusion, vitamin $B_{12}$ content in these foods, chosen considering the Korean food culture, should contribute to improve the present vitamin $B_{12}$ food database. It may be helpful to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake more correctly than before, and provide additional information for dietary education related to vitamin $B_{12}$ and meal management.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.319-324
• /
• 2009

농어 아가미는 새파, 새궁, 새엽 및 새판으로 구성되어 있었다. 위쪽 새파수는 7~10개이며, 아래쪽 새파수는 13~18개로 조사되었다. 농어 아가미의 주요부위인 새엽과 새판(이차새엽)을 광학현미경과 투과전자현미경에서 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 농어 아가미는 새궁(gill arch) 외연의 앞 뒤 2열로 된 긴 점막성의 빗살과 같은 모양으로 줄지어 있는 많은 수의 새엽(gill filament)을 가지고 있으며, 각 새엽은 전후 두개의 새판(gill lamellae)이 근접하여 두 열로 배열되어 있었다. 농어의 새판은 pavement cell, 기둥세포(pillar cell), 혈구세포, 점액세포(mucose cell) 및 염류세포(chloride cell) 등으로 구분되었다. 새판의 표면은 단층으로 큰 핵을 가진 pavement 세포로 구성되며, 상피표면의 glycocalyx로 덮혀진 미세융기를 가진다. 그리고 새판은 기둥세포와 혈구세포와 일정한 간격을 두고 분포하고 있었다. 점액세포는 새판에 드문드문 나타났지만 새엽에 많이 분포하고 있으며, 염류세포는 미토콘드리아와 tubular system이 잘 발달되어 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2010

Wild and cultured fish including olive flounder, sea bass, rock bream, yellowtail, gray mullet, gizzard shad, black rockfish, red seabream and squid were collected from a fish market located on the coast of Korea, and the antibiotic content of their muscle was investigated. Tetracycline group antibiotics were not detected in the 108 individuals of 9 species of wild fish. However, oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline(TC) were detected in some samples of the 111 individuals in 7 cultured live fish species. The detected ranges of OTC and TC were ND~ 0.06 and ND~ 0.03, respectively. Five different fluoroquinolone antibiotics were also tested for, but were not detected in the wild fish species. Only small amount of criprofloxacin(ND~0.029 mg/kg) were detected in a few cultured fish samples. Oxolinic acid was not detected in either wild and cultured fish samples. Results showed that even very low levels of antibiotics could be detected by the testing methods used. Antibiotics were identified in a few fish samples but levels were far below the maximum allowable limits of the Korean Food Code, and the safety of fish being sold in markets, with regard to antibiotic levels, was confirmed.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.454-459
• /
• 2006

A simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography assay method for amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish products was developed, evaluated, and validated by monitoring these antibiotics in fish samples obtained from aquaculture and distribution. The recovery rate of this method was higher than those of conventional methods and was 95.3-106.6% for amoxicillin and 81.4-92.4% for ampicillin. Our pretreatment procedure sufficiently removed or reduced materials affecting HPLC analysis, such as low-molecular-weight substances. The performance limit of this method was evaluated as 0.01 ppm of amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish muscle. Finally, 171 fish samples, including olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), common sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), and black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli) collected from fish farms in the coastal area between April and September 2005 were analyzed to evaluate the overall efficiency of the method and to monitor the actual of amoxicillin and ampicillin usage in fish farms. The results indicated that the developed method was suitable for analyzing amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish muscle, and determined that those antibiotics were being used for fish farming but were not detected in fish samples during the shipping and distribution stages.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 2005

A high-performance liquid chromatography assay method for oxolinic acid in fish products was developed, evaluated and validated through the monitoring of oxolinic acid based on farming and distribution. The recovery rate of the developed method was $102.3-106.7\%$ as compared to conventional methods. The stock solution was stable for 3 weeks under refrigerated condition at $4^{\circ}C$ The performance limit was evaluated as 0.01ppm of oxolinic acid in fish muscle. 478 fish samples such as olive flounder, genuine porgy, common sea bass and black rock fish collected from fish farms in the coastal area from September 2001 to October 2004 were analyzed to evaluate overall efficiency of the modified method and to monitor the actual condition of oxolinic acid usage in fish farm. According to the monitoring results, the modified method was suitable for analysis of oxolinic acid in fish muscle and oxolinic acid might be used in a small portion of fish farms. The suggested analysis method of oxolinic acid was registered in the Korean Official Methods of Food Analysis and is being utilized for fishery products by the Korea Food and Drug Adminstration and the National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.319-336
• /
• 2019

During an investigation of unrecorded prokaryotic species in Republic of Korea, a total of 53 bacterial strains belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from soil, seawater, tidal flats, rhizosphere, salt ponds, beach sand, urine, manure, sediment, and animal intestine (Russian grayling butterfly [Hipparchia autonoe], mouse [Mus musculus], and sea bass [Lateolabrax japonicus]). Strains were identified to species using the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showing high similarity (>98.7%) with the closest bacterial species and forming a robust clade in the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The 53 strains of Gammaproteobacteria in this study have not been report previously in Korea. Therefore, we describe 27 genera of 16 families in 7 orders: 13 strains in the order Alteromonadales, 1 strain in the order Chromatiales, 11 strains in the order Enterobacterales, 7 strains in the order Oceanospirillales, 10 strains in the order Pseudomonadales, 8 strains in the order Vibrionales, and 3 strains in the order Xanthomonadales. Gram reaction, strain ID, isolation source, and morphological and basic biochemical characteristics are described for each species.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.790-804
• /
• 2024

This study compared the physicochemical properties of edible insect oils from silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa (SP), sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larva (PW), and bamboo caterpillar (Omphisa fuscidentalis; BC) to oils from chicken skin (CK), beef back fat (BF), pork back fat (PF), salmon belly (SB), sea bass belly (BB), coconut (C), and peanut (P). The fatty acid profiles and thermal behaviors (crystallization and melting) of the extracted oils were evaluated. PW and BC oils had more saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than CK, PF, SB, BB, and P oils. SP oil had equivalent SFA content to CK and BB oils. Insect oils exhibited similar monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations in all samples, except C oils. PW and BC oils exhibited a higher content of palmitoleic acid than the other oils. SP oils contained polyunsaturated fatty acids similar to those in SB and BB oils, which were higher than those in PW, BC, CK, BF, and PF oils. SP oil also exhibited the highest concentration of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). Arachidonic acid (0.01-0.02 g/100 g) in all insect oils was lower level compared to CK, BF, PF, SB, and BB oils. SP oil (0.03 g/100 g) exhibited a slightly higher level of eicosapentaenoic acid compared to PW (0.01 g/100 g) and BC (0.01 g/100 g) oils. The insect oils were liquid at ambient temperature, solid below -15℃, and required less energy (∆H_m-max) for melting than other samples. This study indicated that insects, particularly SP, could serve as an alternative source of fat to meet its growing demand.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.94-101
• /
• 1999

1998년(年) 11월(月)부터 1999년(年) 1월(月)까지 전라남도 여수시 돌산읍 소재의 종묘배양장에서 사육중이던 농어에 황체 자극호르몬-방출호르몬 유사체를 투여하여 인위적으로 채란(採卵)한 난(卵)의 형태와 인공수정(人工受精)한 후 난발생과정(卵發生過程) 및 자치어(仔稚魚)의 성장에 따른 형태변화를 관찰하였다. 농어의 수정란(受精卵) 및 미수정란(米受精卵)은 구형(球形)으로 무색투명하였으며, 수정란(受精卵)의 난경(卵徑) 1.33~1.46 mm (평균 1.38 mm, n=10) 이었고, 유구(油球)는 1~5개를 가지고 있었다. 부화(孵化)에 소요된 시간은 수온 $20.0^{\circ}C$에서 50시간 45분, $18.0^{\circ}C$ 에서 54시간 55분, $16.0^{\circ}C$에서 74시간 15분이 소요되었다. 부화(孵化) 직후(直後)의 자어(仔魚)는 전장(全長)이 3.54~3.69 mm로 입은 열리지 않았으나 항문이 열려있었고, 눈에는 색소포(色素脯)가 연하게 착색(著色)되어 있었다. 부화(孵化) 후(後) 5일(日)째의 자어(仔魚)는 전장(全長)이 4.78~5.24 mm로 난황(卵黃)이 완전히 흡수되어 후기자어기로 이행하였고, 머리 부분이 현격하게 발달하면서 입이 완전하게 열려있으며, 흑색소포(黑色素胞)가 몸의 등쪽과 배쪽에서 증가하였다. 부화(孵化) 후(後) 25일(日)째 자어(仔魚)는 전장(全長)이 7.95~8.32 mm로 꼬리지느러미에 9~12개의 줄기가 출현하였으며, 두경부(頭項部)와 후경부(後頭部)에서 꼬리부분까지 나무가지 모양의 흑색소포(黑色素胞)가 증가하여 나타났다. 부화(孵化) 후(後) 31일(日)째 자어(仔魚)는 전장(全長)이 8.46~9.18 mm로 배색말단(背索末端)이 $45^{\circ}$로 굽어져 있으며, 막상(膜狀)의 지느러미가 분화하여 등지느러미에 8~9개, 뒷지느러미에 7~8개의 줄기가 출현하였고, 꼬리지느러미 줄기는 16~18개로 증가하여 나타났다. 부화(孵化) 후(後) 61일(日)째 개체의 전장(全長)은 16.28~17.31 mm로 모든 지느러미 줄기가 정수 (D. XII, 14; A. II, 10; P. 18; V. 10; C. 20~21)에 달하여 유어기(維魚期)로 이행하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.297-306
• /
• 2004

열 충격단백질(Heat shock protein : HSP)은 온도 스트레스에 대하여 세포 내에서 발현되는 단백질이다. HSP의 중요 분류군의 하나가 HSP90 family 이다. 여러 종류의 포유동물과 조류에서 HSP 유전자 특성에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)로부터 제조한 넙치 뇌 cDNA 유전자 은행을 이용하여 넙치 HSP90 cDNA 유전자를 분리하여 구성 염기서열의 특성을 밝혀 내었다. 염기서열의 분석결과 넙치의 hsp90$\beta$ 유전자는 2,791 개의 뉴클레오타이드로 구성되어 있고, 726개의 아미노산 잔기가 암호화되어 있었다. 넙치 hsp90$\beta$ 유전자는 European sea bass와 96.6% zebrafish와 92.9%, Atlantic salmon와 92.0%, 그리고 사람과는 89.5%의 염기서열 상동성을 지니고 있었다. 또한 HSP90 아미노산 서열을 바탕으로 척추동물 종들과의 진화계통수를 구축하였다. 넙치 hsp90$\beta$ 유전자의 mRNA의 분포 정도를 RT-PCR를 이용하여 조사하였다. hsp90$\beta$ 유전자는 조사한 모든 조직(뇌, 간, 신장, 근육, 비장)에서 높은 수준으로 발현이 되고 있었다. 또한, 넙치 hsp90$\beta$ 단백질을 대량발현하기 위하여 대장균에서 발현을 유도하였다.