• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Previous work demonstrated that an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcuma longae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix markedly inhibits $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity. The present study was performed to further verify the neuroprotective effect of HS0608 on oxidative and ischemic cerebral injury using cultured rat cortical neurons and rats. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $100\;{\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $10-100{\mu}g/ml$, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $H_2O_2$ in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. In vivo, HS0608 prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 24-h reperfusion. The ischemic infarct and edema were significantly reduced in rats that received HS0608 (200 mg/kg). These results suggest that the anti-oxidative properties of HS0608 may be responsible for its neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemic injury and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.388-396
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• 2009

The present study investigated an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcuma longae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid $\beta$ protein ($A{\beta}$) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and antidementia activity in mice. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $10\;{\mu}M$ $A{\beta}$ (25-35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $1-50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $A{\beta}$ (25-35) in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Memory loss induced by intracerebroventricular injection of ICR mice with 15 nmol $A{\beta}$ (25-35) was inhibited by chronic treatment with HS0608 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 7 days) as measured by a passive avoidance test. From these results, we suggest that the antidementia effect of HS0608 is due to its neuroprotective effect against $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.431-439
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• 2004

Scutellariae Radix (Scu.), one of the immune-regulatory substances, is recognized to play the role in the metabolic process of inflammation, allergy and immunity. It has been traditionally used in the Oriental medicine to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix on the spleen lymphocyte immune function in the Balb/c female mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Water extract of Scutellariae Radix (100 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg) were administrated orally for 2 weeks of experimental period. Mice were divided into three experimental groups randomly: DSS group (5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as control group, DSS ＋ Scu. (water extracts of Scutellariae Radix for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as experimental group, and DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group (Sulfasalazine for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as positive control group. Levels of Ig A, Ig E, CD4$^{＋}$, CD8$^{＋}$, TNF-$\alpha$ and other cytokines were measured. Treatment of DSS for 5 days induced bowel inflammation and the treatment with Scu. water exteract and sulfasalazine significantly recovered the damage. The length of intestine of DSS group was significantly shorter than that of other groups. The serum and fecal concentration of Ig A of SS ＋ Scu group was higher than those of DSS group. The contents of CD4$^{＋}$ T cells was higher in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than the other groups and CD8$^{＋}$ T cells was the lowest in DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group. The Ig A level of cultured supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the highest, while the Ig E level was the lowest in SS ＋ Scu group. The concentration of TNF-$\alpha$, cytokine secreted from the Th1 cell in the supernatant spleen lymphocyte, was the highest in the DSS group and the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group. The concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ and ll...-12 was lower in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than those of the other groups. The concentration of IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group but IL-10 was not significantly different. Based on these findings, water extract of Scutellariae Radix exhibited the inhibitory effect via IL-4 production thereby inhibited the production of Ig E and strengthened immune system, and alleviated injury in DSS- induced colitis mice model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.534-538
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• 2002

To investigate the antimicrobial effects of Scutellariae Radix extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus from food samples, Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from Tapes philippinarum were examined for their sensitivity to Scutellariae Radix extract. Total 66 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from Tapes philippinarm 72 samples (91.7%). The serotypes of isolated Vibrio parahemolytics were K-I group 7 strains (10.6%), K-IV group 5 strains (7.6%), K-II group 2 strains (3.0%), K-V group 2 strains (3.0%), K-VII group 2 strains (3.0%), K-VI group 1 strains (1.5%), K-VIII group 1 strains (1.5%) and antisera UT K-group 46 strains (69.7%) on antisera agglutination test, but K-III group and K-IX group strains were not found. The growth curves of isolates showed lag phase, logarithmic phase, stationary phase and death phase as typical sigmoid curve on the shellfish samples. After 6 hours, the group containing Scutellariae Radix extract differs from the control on shellfish samples in the growth inhibition curves, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were inhibited in more than 1000 ppm Scutellariae Radix extract. The morphological changes were observed by transmission electron microscope and the microbial cells membrane was destroyed by Scutellariae Radix extract.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.959-963
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• 2001

To investigate the antimicrobial effects of Scutellariae Radix extract against L.monocytogenes from foods, L. monocytogenes strains isolated from livestock, processed food from meat and milk, and frozen foods, were examined for their sensitivity to Scutellariae Radix extract. 30 L. monocytogenes strains were isolated from total 178 samples(16.9%); 13(14.0%) strains from beef 6(20.7%) strains from pork, 9(39.2%) strains from chicken and 2 (16.7%) strains from frozen foods but was not found from processed products, The serotypes of isolated L.monocytogenes were serotype O-1 strains (23, 76.7%) and serotype O-4 strains(7, 23.3%) on antisera agglutination test. The growth curves of isolates were shown lag phase, logarithmic phase, stationary phase and death phase as typical sigmoid curve on the preservative-free hams. After 6 hours. Scutellariae Radix extract contain group differ from control group on preservative-free ham samples, and the isolates were inhibited in more than 1000 ppm Scutellariae Radix extract on the inhibitory growth curve of L.monocytogenes. The mor-phological changes were observed by transmission electron microscope and the microbial cells membrane was destroyed by Scutellariae Radix extract.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.233-243
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• 1994

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from a mixture of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma or Phellodendri Cortex according to the prescription of Hwang-ryean-hae-dog-tang. Baicalin and berberine were identified in coprecipitated product and these components were the active ingredients of two herbal medicine. The coprecipitated product was very slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. The stoichiometric ratio of baicalin and berberine was found to be 1:1. The lipid-water partition coefficients of coprecipitated product were increased more than baicalin and berberine in chloroform, but were decreased in other organic solvents. The content of baicalin and berberine in coprecipitated product, determined by HPLC, were 23.08% and 26.75%, but the content of active ingredients in supernatant were 0.66% and 0.26%, respectively. The dissolution profile of baicalin of coprecipitated product was increased more than extract of Scutellariae Radix in artificial gastric juice, but was decreased in artificial intestinal juice. The dissolution rate of berberine of coprecipitated product was lower than extract of Coptidis Rhizoma in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice commonly.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2010

Inflammatory reaction is characterized by over-production of inflammatory mediators due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways, which produce pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), prostaglantin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and nitric oxide (NO) in U937 cells. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extracts from Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U937 cells. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, and $PGE_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS- stimulated U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. Their combination extract also inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus. These results suggest that the combination of water-extractable components of Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1344-1348
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• 2008

Anti-microbial activities of Scutellariae Radix Extracts and Sophora flavecens Extracts was tested by formulation, such as skinsoftener, emulsion for 4 weeks. Control contained no preservative, test group contained 1.00% Scutellariae Radix extracts and 1.00% Sophora flavecens extracts and positive control contained parabens and imidazolidinyl urea. To determine the anti-microbial activity of these extract, the 4 germs such as Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aures, Canida albicans were used. The test groups showed significant anti-microbial activities against the 4 germs at 2 and 3 weeks as compared with control. Anti-microbial activities of these extracts were similar to positive control. Considering that the Scutellariae Radix Extracts and the Sophora flavecens Extracts have a significant anti-microbial activities against 4 germs, it is possible as natural preservative in cosmetics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1448-1452
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• 2003

The water extract of Scutellariae radix was treated to rat and the primary culture of hepatocytes, and the expressions of several glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes and the activity of GST Yc1/2 were investigated by Western blot and by the use of HPLC. The results were obtained as follows: The water extract of Scutellariae radix did not induce the expressions of cytosolic GST Ya and GST Yp in rat livers. But, the extract increased the expression of cytosolic GST Yc1/2 to 2-4 fold higher than control. The expression of GST Yc1/2 in the primary culture of rat hepatocytes was induced by the water extract of Scutellariae radix in a dose-dependent manner, reaching 21-fold over control with 50 ㎍/㎖ treatment. The induction of the expression of GST Yc1/2 in rat livers increased the formation of AFB₁-glutathione conjugate from AFB₁-8,9-epoxide which was made in the metabolism of AFB₁.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity effect of Scutellariae Radix extract combined with metformin. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, 4 weeks of age, were used to set high-fat diet induced obesity model. They were grouped NOR (normal control), HFD (high fat diet control), MET (metformin, 100 mg/kg/day), MH2 (metformin 50 mg/kg/day+Scutellariae Radix 200 mg/kg/day), and HG4 (Scutellariae Radix 400 mg/kg/day). MET, MH2, and HG4 were orally administered for 10 weeks. Body weight was measured every week. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured before sacrifice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed. Organ weight and internal fat weight were measured after sacrifice. Results: MH2 group showed a reduction of body weight when compared with HFD group. MH2 group showed stable blood level control which was calculated areas under the curves by OGTT. TC, GOT, GPT level, internal fat, and organ weight in MH2 group reduced. Conclusions: The combined treatment of Scutellariae Radix and Metformin has impact on treating obesity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of Metformin and herbal medicine combination therapy.