• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2000

Recently, there is a worldwide concern that a great number of man-made chemicals have a hormone-like action both in humans and in animals. DECD is developing screening programs using validated test systems to determine whether certain substances may have an effect in humans. In the present study. the establishment oj repeated-dose toxicity test method was tried. Flutamide. an anti-androgenic agent. was administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days at dose levels of 0. 0.5. 3 and 18 mg/kg body weight (10-15 rats/sex/group) to examine the effects on general findings. especially reproductive and endocrine parameters. Clinical signs. body weights, food consumption, and sexual cycle were checked and measured. For the gross and microscopic examinations. 10 rats/sex/group were sacrificed at the end of dosing period and the remaining animals of control and high dose groups (5 each) were sacrificed after 14 days recovery. Examinations for hematology and clinical chemistry were carried out at necropsy. There were no treatment-related changes in clinical signs. body weights, food consumption. gross necropsy. hematology and clinical chemistry at all doses of both sexes. The period and regularity of sexual cycle were not adversely affected at all doses by the test agent. At 18 mg/kg. both decreased weights of prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis in males and increased weights of spleen and thymus in females were observed. In addition, decreased number of spermatids and sperms. increased serum testosterone concentration and increased incidence (100%) of interstitial cell hyperplasia were seen in males. At 18 mg/kg of the recovery group. decreased prostate weight. reduced sperm count and increased incidence (20%) of interstitial cell hyperplasia in males and increased thymus weight in females were observed. At 3 mg/kg. reduced sperm count was found. There were no adverse effects on parameters examined at 0.5 mg/kg of both sexes. The results suggested that the potential target organs of flutamide may be accessory sexual glands including testes for males and spleen and thymus for females. Taken together. this test method was found to be a useful screening test system for endocrine disrupting chemicals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6497-6500
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• 2012

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females in the World with around 500,000 new cases occurring annually, but the first in the developing countries with a high mortality if not diagnosed early. Papanicolau (Pap) smear is a cheap, easy-to-apply and widely accepted test which has been long used to detect cervical cancer at very early stages. However, despite being available for nearly 60 years, the test can hardly be considered to have become successfully applied in many communities. We aimed in this study to present the results of a screening survey for cervical cancer which targeted a women population aged between 35 and 40 living in a semi-rural area in the province of Hatay, located in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey, with specific aims of increasing early diagnosis, education and raising population awareness about cancers. This community-based descriptive study covered 512 women between 35 and 40 years of age living at Armutlu with a mean age of $37.6{\pm}1.7$. Gynecologic examinations revealed cervical erosion in 8 (1.6%), vaginitis in 193 (37.7%) and normal findings in 311 (60.7%); pathological evaluation reports of the smears were negative in 290 (56.6%), inflammation in 218 (42.6%) and ASC-US in 4 (0.8%), according to the 2001 Bethesda classification. It can be concluded that Pap smear test - proven to be a very valuable test at the clinical level- should also be widely used at the community level to detect cervical cancer at very early stages to reduce both the mortality and morbidity among healthy people. The need for continuous community-based cervical cancer screening programs is strongly suggested.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.67-88
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the proportion of the population with the alcohol use disorder among the Korean adults. To the author's knowledge, this study was the first social work article to survey the prevalence of the alcohol use disorder using the randomly selected sample. The survey instrument included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, the Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. and the Korean Alcoholism Screening Test to identify the rates of problem drinkers and alcoholics. The instrument also included items to ask the respondents' drinking frequencies, drinking amounts, and heavy drinking. The findings of the study indicated that Koreans had severe alcohol problems. 322 percent of the respondents were identified as those who have experienced drinking-related problems in the past year. This study found 4.2 percent of the respondents as alcoholics and estimated that 1.34 million of the Korean adult population were alcoholics. This study concludes that social workers should use screening tools to early identify clients with alcohol problems and develop effective programs to assist those clients and their families. Finally this study provide suggestions for future studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by congenital defects in phenylalanine metabolism that leads to irreversible nerve cell damage. However, its detection in the early days of life can reduce its severity. Thus, many countries have started disease screening programs for neonates. The present study aimed to determine the worldwide prevalence of classic phenylketonuria using the data of neonatal screening studies.The PubMed, Web of Sciences, Sciences Direct, ProQuest, and Scopus databases were searched for related articles. Article quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Evaluation Checklist. A random effect was used to calculate the pooled prevalence, and a phenylketonuria prevalence per 100,000 neonates was reported. A total of 53 studies with 119,152,905 participants conducted in 1964-2017 were included in this systematic review. The highest prevalence (38.13) was reported in Turkey, while the lowest (0.3) in Thailand. A total of 46 studies were entered into the meta-analysis for pooled prevalence estimation. The overall worldwide prevalence of the disease is 6.002 per 100,000 neonates (95% confidence interval, 5.07-6.93). The meta-regression test showed high heterogeneity in the worldwide disease prevalence (I²=99%). Heterogeneity in the worldwide prevalence of phenylketonuria is high, possibly due to differences in factors affecting the disease, such as consanguineous marriages and genetic reserves in different countries, study performance, diagnostic tests, cutoff points, and sample size.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.58
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• pp.287-311
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• 2013

In this study, the scope of previous logistics security were focused only on port and ship. Because of it now extends to the overall (export and import) supply chain areas and in regards with supply security programs in the international level, it reviewed supply chain security programs categorized them into 'ships and port security system', 'container screening system', 'logistics chain authorization system' which are expanded to be adopted in the international level. The major features of those programs are summarized as in building risk management system, providing information ahead, selectivity test and benefits to AEO authorized companies in the customs administration level. The government and companies which are to ensure supply chain security and trade facilitation in order to cope actively with international customs administrative atmosphere need to do the followings : First, they need to build an intra-government integrated supply chain security and make efforts to conclude AEO MRA in order to increase trade competitiveness among major trading countries. Second, they need to build supply chain risk management system in order to enhance management performance through overseas market and company level strategy to obtain and maintain AEO authorization in the company level.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline data for developing oral health education program. The questionaire about oral health knowledge and behaviors were given to 1419, 12 year-old children who lived in Seongnam City. The results were obtained as follows; 1) Of respondents, 46.2% visited dental offices within a year. And 33% of them were for the purpose of routine examinations and prevention. 2) 67.1% of them exhibited toothbrushing before bedtime and only 11.3% and 8.9% of them toothbrushed after between-meal intake and lunch. 3) 47.7% of them experienced dental health education programs and 72.3% of the programs had been during elementary school days. 4) 56.2% of them chose dentifrices without standards and 21.6% of them considered the presence of fluoride. 5) Of respondents, 57.4% and 46.4% knew the importances of toothbrushing and dietary pattern. But only 18.7% and 8.5% of them knew the methods of using fluoride and scaling. 6) 33% of them replied negatively to the probabilities of preventing dental caries. 7) Also, it is necessary to expand the oral health education programs for 12 year-old children in Seongnam City and include the annual screening dental examination, toothbrushing, dentifrice selection, using fluoride and scaling.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to describe a non-face-to-face dementia prevention and physical activity program in small rural villages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study used a case report provided by a primary healthcare post in Gyeonggi-do in 2020. Results: The program was "From head to toe, stay healthy", which was largely divided into dementia prevention ("Dementia Zero Zone") and physical activity ("The less fat, The healthier body"). Five elderly people aged 75 and over participated for preventing dementia, and 13 residents joined the health promoting programs over 80 times in total. This program was designed one-to-one customized and person-centered program, including counseling, education, and health services. The program participants responded that the amount of physical activities was increased even under strict social distancing and they felt less isolated and less depressed. Moreover, the number of screening for dementia was increased with this program. Conclusion: This case has shown the applicability of a new approach to sustain health promotion programs in the context of limited interaction with rural nurses. Under the challenging environment that requires adaptation to information and communication technologies (ICTs), it will be necessary to solve not only technical problems but also digital literacy issues of rural residents.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2008

Purpose : In recent years, many countries have adopted newborn screening programs that use tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to screen and the number of diseases screened has also increased. We began screening for inherited metabolic disorders using MS/MS in April, 2001. Our goal was to determine the overall prevalence of metabolic disorders and to assess the effectiveness of newborn screening by MS/MS in Korea. Methods : From April, 2001 to December, 2007, we screened newborns and high risk groups using MS/MS. Acylcarnitines and amino acids were extracted and butylated and were introduced into the inlet of MS/MS. Confirmatory testing including a repeat newborn screening, and urine organic acid and plasma amino acid analysis were performed on a case-by-case basis. Results : The total number of screened subjects 284,933 which comprised 251,799 neonates and 33,134 high risk subjects. The recall rate was 0.4% (1158 tests) and true positive cases were 117 (0.04%). Confirmed metabolic disorders (newborn/high risk group) were as follows; 78 (25/53) amino acid disorders, 27 (16/11) organic acid disorders, and 12 (5/7) fatty acid oxidation disorders. The estimated prevalence of inherited metabolic diseases in newborns was 1:5,000 and that in the total group was 1:2,000. Conclusion : Newborn screening by MS/MS improved the detection of many inherited metabolic disorders. We therefore propose that all newborns be screened by a MS/MS national program and followed-up using a systemic organization strategy.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. Methods: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate health status and health promoting behaviors of female elderly, and their needs for health-related services in an urban-rural combined city. The data were collected from the subjects registered in senior welfare center and senior citizens' clubs. A total of 119 women were participated in the survey. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The subjects perceived their health status relatively unhealthy. Their health promotion behavior score was 10.82 (range 0-17), and more than $60\%$ of them performed well in smoking and drinking control, regular meal. taking breakfast, and maintaining good relationship with others. 2. The most needed service was health screening followed by health risk assessment, disease diagnosis and treatment. 3. The most demanded education was on dementia prevention, followed by exercise, balanced diet, and maintenance of memorial and mental capability. 4. As the health interest and the health responsibility increased, the need for health service increased as well. Likewise, the health education needs increased as the health interest, health responsibility, and health promotion behavior increased. The results show that the health promotion programs for female elderly need to be focused, primarily, on health screening, health risk assessment, medical services for disease diagnosis and treatment, and health consulting and education. And health consulting and education programs should be designed to promote health interest and health responsibility of female elderly, change positively their attitude to aging, and include education on dementia prevention, exercise and nutrition management. Recommendations are discussed.