• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.462-468
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• 1996

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of age on angiotensin II (AII) response and antagonistic activity of losartan using aortic rings and liver homogenates from rats ranging in age from 0.7 to 20 months. Whether the endothelium was present or not, the maximum contractile response to AII decreased with age. Removal of the endothelium enhanced AII-induced maximum contraction and these endothelial effects seemed to be due to endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in all ages. Equilibrium binding studies demonstrated an age-related decrease in maximum binding $(B_{max})$ with little change in binding affinity $(K_d)$. In rat aorta, the extent of losartan-induced parallel shifts $(K_B)$ in AII concentration-response curves was not significantly different between ages. In addition, $IC_{50}$ value of losartan in competition binding was not changed with age in rat liver homogenates. These results suggest that the potency of losartan is not altered with age in rat aorta and liver, although AII-induced contractile response and the maximum AII binding decreased significantly with age.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

As chip operating frequency increases, there is growing concern about on-chip interconnect inductance. This paper presents a two-step inductance screening tool to select interconnects with significant inductance effects in a VLSI design. Test chips designed in different CMOS technology nodes are examined. The inductance screening results show that 0.1% of the nets in a design have inductance problems with chips running at its operating frequency, supporting the necessity of a screening process instead of adding inductance model to all the nets in the design. The increase in resistance due to geometry scaling will strongly affect the significance of inductance on delay as technology and frequency scale. Since higher frequency worsens inductance problem and geometry scaling alleviates it, inductance screening tool can provide useful guidelines to circuit designers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4427-4432
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• 2016

Background: Fear and fatalism have been proposed as factors affecting breast cancer screening, but the evidence is not strong. This study aimed to determine relationships of fear and fatalism with breast cancer screening behavior among Tabriz women in Iran. Materials and Methods: In a cross- sectional study, 370 women referred to 12 health centers in Tabriz were selected with two-stage cluster sampling and data regarding breast cancer screening, fatalism and fear of breast cancer were collected respectively with a checklist for screening performance, Champions Fear and Pow Fatalism Questionnaires. Data were analyzed by logistic regression with SPSS software version 16. Results: Only 43% and 23% of participants had undergone breast self- examination and clinical breast examination. Among women older than 40 years, 38.2% had mammography history and only 2.7% of them had done it annually. Although fatalism and fear had a stimulating effects on breast cancer screening performance th relationships were not significant (P>0.05). There was a negative significant correlation between fear and fatalism (r= -0.24, p=0.000). On logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.037, p<0.01) and income status (OR= 0.411, p<0.05) significantly explained BSE and age (OR=1.051, p<0.01) and body mass index (OR= 0.879, p<0.01) explained CBE. Also BMI (OR= 0.074, p<0.05) and income status (OR=0.155, p<0.01) was significantly effective for mammography following. Conclusions: Breast cancer screening behavior is inappropriate and affected by family livelihood status and lifestyle leads to weight gain, so that for promoting of screening behaviors, economic support to families, lifestyle modification and public education are suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

The contract screening system is being introduced and operated as a model of advance budget reduction for local fiscal efficiency. But as the authority recognizes the contract screening system as a means of budget reduction, and companies recognize it as a means of budget curtailment, a contradictory understanding structure on the contract screening system is being formed. This research was prompted to propose a development method that will enable the contract screening system operating in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province to be appropriately established as a model of advance budget reduction. To achieve this, the operating status of the contract screening system was analyzed, and the recognition level on the contract screening system of the local government and companies was analyzed on the basis of contract screening data.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to find out plans to promote the fulfillment of the breast self-examination and breast cancer screening, which is preventive health behavior about women's having breast cancer exam in some part of our country with searching for the primary causes which have an effect on their fulfillment. The subjects of the study were 540 literate volunteers who were of age from 20 to 69 and who visited 8 health centers in Taegu. The survey research was made through questionares in the 8 health centers in Taegu from the 15th to the 30th of September, 1998. Based on Becker's health belief model asking medical staff's opinions with bibliographies, the major findings from the survey was as follow. The fulfillment rate of the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening was 37.8％(204 subjects), 27.6％ (149 subjects) each. Getting breast self-exam varied significantly depending on subject's age, income of family, religion, occupation and the number of children. As far as the breast cancer screening was concerned, there was remarkably significant difference in accordance with their age, marital status, religion, occupation, income of family, the number of children, ways of nursing and parturition age of the first baby. The subjects in their forties accounted for the highest rate. Based on the fulfillment of the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening, the average points of all the variables presented from the health belief as well as the points of the susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, knowledge and level of health concern of interest in health were significantly higher than the points of non-fulfillment of them in the statistical analysis whereas the barriers was lower than them. In consequence of the multiple-logistic regression analysis putting the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening in dependent variables, occupation, knowledge, seriousness, benefits, barriers and cues to action had significant effects on breast self-examination against breast cancer. Looking more attainments, thinking diseases more seriously, feeling more usefulness and there being any patient around with breast cancer led to the higher rate of the breast self-examination against it. On the other hand, feeling more impedition as well as housewives caused the lower rate of it. The breast cancer screening was significantly affected by age, sensitivity, usefulness, impedition and behavior momentum as well. The cases who are older, feeling more sensitivity against breast cancer, more usefulness of the examination and where any patient around, the fulfillment rate was higher. Contrarily the more impedition they felt, the lower the fulfillment rate was. Accordingly, the study of the causes, which have significant effects on the fulfillment of the self-examination and the breast cancer screening in order to find it in an early stage, and the development of health education programs as well as proper education for public health through carrying on campaigns and stepping up public relations must be indispensable.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2007

A mixture experiment is a special type of the response surface experiment in which the factors are the components of a mixture, and the response variable is a function of the proportions of each component. When a new mixture product is developed, there are a large number of components, and the first objective of the experiment is to identify the ones that are most important by doing a screening experiment. We propose a method of screening mixture components using the correlation coefficients when t-tests cannot identify significant components.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2002

The effects of a newly synthesized $H^+/K^+$ ATPase inhibitor,1-(2-methyl-4-methoxypheny)-4-[(3-hy-droxypropyl)amino] -6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo (3,2-c) quinoline (DBM-819) , on the central nervous system, isolated smooth muscle, cardiovascular and digestive systems and renal function were investigated in various experimental animals. Oral administration of DBM-819 had no effect on the central nervous system except body temperature of mice slightly decreased at doses of 15 and 50 mg／kg. DBM-819 produced a moderate analgesic effect in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice at 50 mg／kg (p.o.). In conscious rats, DBM-819 (15 and 50 mg／kg, p.o.) showed a slight increase in blood pressure and a small decrease in heart rate. DBM-819 had an significant effect on agonist-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum at $1.5{\times}10^{-5}g/ml.$ No significant effect of DBM-819 (5 and 15 mg／kg, i.p) on urinary volume or urinary excretion of $Na^+,\;K^+$ and Cl- was observed in rats. DBM-819 had no significant effect on intestinal transport of a semisolid meal in mice at 15 and 50 mg／kg (p.o.). These findings suggest that DBM-819 exerts no significant pharmacological effects on the central nervous system and renal function at 15 mg／kg (p.o.), but produces some effects on the smooth muscle and circulatory system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2018

Background: This paper describes a simple-to-use and reliable screening tool called Critical Task Exposure Screening (CTES), developed by a chemical company. The tool assesses if the exposure to a chemical for a task is likely to be within acceptable levels. Methods: CTES is a Microsoft Excel tool, where the inhalation risk score is calculated by relating the exposure estimate to the corresponding occupational exposure limit (OEL) or occupational exposure band (OEB). The inhalation exposure is estimated for tasks by preassigned ART1.5 activity classes and modifying factors. Results: CTES requires few inputs. The toxicological data, including OELs, OEBs, and vapor pressure are read from a database. Once the substance is selected, the user specifies its concentration and then chooses the task description and its duration. CTES has three outputs that may trigger follow-up: (1) inhalation risk score; (2) identification of the skin hazard with the skin warnings for local and systemic adverse effects; and (3) status for carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic effects. Conclusion: The tool provides an effective way to rapidly screen low-concern tasks, and quickly identifies certain tasks involving substances that will need further review with, nevertheless, the appropriate conservatism. This tool shows that the higher-tier ART1.5 inhalation exposure assessment model can be included effectively in a screening tool. After 2 years of worldwide extensive use within the company, CTES is well perceived by the users, including the shop floor management, and it fulfills its target of screening tool.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

Objectives: Screening for colorectal cancer is considered cost effective, but is underutilized in the U.S. Information on the efficiency of "tailored interventions" to promote colorectal cancer screening in primary care settings is limited. The paper reports the results of a cost effectiveness analysis that compared a survey-only control group to a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) web-based intervention (screen for life) and to a tailored interactive computer-based intervention. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of people 50 and over, was conducted to test the interventions. The sample was 1224 partcipants 50-70 years of age, recruited from Kelsey-Seybold Clinic, a large multi-specialty clinic in Houston, Texas. Screening status was obtained by medical chart review after a 12-month follow-up period. An "intention to treat" analysis and micro costing from the patient and provider perspectives were used to estimate the costs and effects. Analysis of statistical uncertainty was conducted using nonparametric bootstrapping. Results: The estimated cost of implementing the web-based intervention was $40 per person and the cost of the tailored intervention was $45 per person. The additional cost per person screened for the web-based intervention compared to no intervention was $2602 and the tailored intervention was no more effective than the web-based strategy. Conclusions: The tailored intervention was less cost-effective than the web-based intervention for colorectal cancer screening promotion. The web-based intervention was less cost-effective than previous studies of in-reach colorectal cancer screening promotion. Researchers need to continue developing and evaluating the effectiveness and costeffectiveness of interventions to increase colorectal cancer screening.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.279-300
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• 2011

Countries recognize seriousness and concern about aviation terrorism, try to stamp out of it but aviation terrorism has been increasing in the world. Airport security is completely up to the result of security screening for passengers, check-in baggages and cargo at the check point. To complete effectively human and physical screening at the airport, it is essential to secure modernized screening equipment and specialized security screener, and airport security supervisor to supervising them. In this study, A survey conducted to find out the effect on screening equipment operating factors of airport security supervisor's individual attitude. The results of the study are as follow First, the duty view of airport security supervisor meaningfully affect expertise of screening equipment operating factors, satisfaction, reliability, and education and training, national point of view meaningfullly doesn't affect screening equipment operating factors. Second, the working condition effects on the education and training, if the working condition is getting better, intent to change occupation is getting lower. Third, duty stress meaningfully effects on the intent to change occupation, now airport security supervisor works in poor condition. Therefore, airport security supervisor needs to be prude of protecting the airport from the terrorism and various attacks and various kinds of aviation security regulations and procedures and comply with operating standards and keep the life of the country and its people, and needs to change awareness. And It is nessasary for government or airport authority or airline to prepare countermeasure for the improvement of their labor conditions.