• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.879-890
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• 2000

Designing a multilevel database application is a complex process, and the entities and their associated security levels must be represented using an appropriate model unambiguously. It is also important to capture the semantics of a multilevel databse application as accurate and complete as possible. Owing to the focus of the IDEA Methodology for designing the non-secure database applications on the data-intensive systems, the Object Model describes the static structure of the objects in an application and their relationships. That is, the Object Model in the IDEA Methodology is an extended Entity-Relationship model giving a static description of objects. The IDEA Methodology has not been developed the multilevel secure database applications, but by using an existing methodology we could take advantage of the various techniques that have already been developed for that methodology. That is, this way is easier to design the multilevel secure schema than to develop a new model from scratch. This paper adds the security features 새？ Object Model in the IDEA Methodology, and presents the transformation from this model to a multilevel secure object oriented schema. This schema will be the preliminary work which can be the general scheme for the automatic mapping to the various commercial multilevel secure database management system such as Informix-Online/Secure, Trusted ORACLE, and Sybase Secure SQL Server.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

Recently, the importance of the industrial warehouse floor has been increasing due to the development of the distribution and logistics industry. In this present study, an early-hardening polymer floor mortar which can compensate for the limitation of conventional cement based floor mortar regarding fluidity and long curing time was developed. In order to achieve the early-hardening of mortar characteristic ultra rapid hardening cement was used as binder. Four types of mixture proportions in accordance with the vinyl acetate ethylene(VAE) polymer contents with range from 10% to 20% and the other proto proportion without VAE polymer were designed. Mechanical experiments including the fluidity test, compressive strength test, bending test, bond test, and abrasion test were conducted for all mixture proportions. From the flow test result, it was possible to achieve the high flow with 250 mm by controlling the amount of superplasticizer. The incorporation of VAE polymer was found to affect the compressive strength reduction, however, the flexural strength was higher than that of the proto mixture, and it was evaluated to increase the compressive strength / flexural strength ratio. Moreover, at least 2.6 times higher bond strength and more than 4 times higher abrasion resistance were secured. From the mechanical experiments results, the optimum mixing ratio of the VAE polymer was determined to be 10%. As a result of application and monitoring, it shows that it has excellent resistance to cracking, discoloration, impact, and scratch as well as bond performance compared to the cement based floor mortar.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.589-604
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• 2006

Software product lines (SPL) are recently an emerging software reuse paradigm, which helps organizations develop their products from reusable core assets rather than from scratch. For developing these assets, understanding commonality and variability (C&V) is essential. A feature-oriented approach has been used extensively for C&V analysis in the SPL. However, this contains no proposal to systematically identify features and provide the rationale for the features. Further, the approach does not directly show how the results of C&V analysis will satisfy an organization's high-level business goals and provide the rationale for the C&V. Therefore, this paper presents a domain analysis method for the SPL based on goals, scenarios, and features in order to overcome some of the deficiencies and limitations of the feature-oriented approach. In particular, the paper proposes a domain requirements model (DRM) and a domain requirements modeling method based on the DRM. This method has been applied to the home integration system (HIS) domain to demonstrate its feasibility with a supporting tool, namely IDEAS. Our approach makes it possible to systematically identify the features and provide the rationale for both the features and the C&V.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.5-31
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• 2015

The Republic of Korean Navy (ROKN) started from scratch. However, ROKN demonstrated its Blue Navy capabilities successfully to the entire world by conducting "Operation Early Dawn" at the Aden Bay, Yemen in Jan 2011. On the event of the 70th anniversary of the ROKN, I would like to retrospect past gleaning from voyages and challenges we had in the past. At the very inception of the ROKN, Korean government as well as senior military leaders recognized that it had no time to spare to clean up military those were insinuated deeply by communist agents. It was the top priority of the government. The Mongumpo Operation which was not well known, conducted by ROKN was one of the clean-up drive. The Korean War sometimes called as "a fire from land put-off at the sea". The world famous "Incheon Landing" which reversed war situation from the Nakdong Perimeter also done by Sea Power. ROKN conducted various maritime operations including not only Incheon Landing, but amphibious operation at Hungnam, mine sweeping, sea convoy, Wonsan Withdrawal. On the same day of the Korean War started, 25th June 1950, unless the victory of the ROKNS Baekdusan (PC 701) at the Korean Strait, the waning lamp light of Korea could not be rekindled by the participation of the U.N. The ROKN rescued the 17th regiment of Korean Army from the isolation at the Ongjin Peninsular and transported gold and silver bars stored at the Bank of Korea to the Navy supply deposit in Jinhae safely. ROKN special intelligence unit conducted critical HUMINT which led Incheon Landing success. One of important mission ROKN conducted successfully was not only transporting war fighting materials but also U.S. provided grains to starving Koreans. ROKN participated Vietnam campaign from 1960s and conducted numerous maritime transportation operations supplying materials to Vietnam military forces along the long coastal lines. Experienced Naval Officers and enlisted men who discharged and acquired as merchant marine certificate supported most of the U.S. sea lift operations throughout the Vietnam campaign. ROK-US Combined Forces which had been honed and improved its war fighting capabilities through the Korean War and out of Vietnam jungle playing key deterrent against threat from north Korea. However, those threat level will be completely different when north Korea finish its nuclear weapon ambition. In order to stand firm against north Korean nuclear threat, I would like to expect strong political leadership supporting nuclear submarine for ROKN.

• Journal of Software Engineering Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Software reuse the concept of developing software by using existing software assets, rather than developing it from scratch. Developers may face difficulties of reusing existing software assets because existing assets are normally developed by other developers for different purposes. Developers tend to seek appropriate knowledge about effectively reusing software assets from the developers who have faced and solved similar problems in reusing software assets previously. In other words, the reuse-related knowledge of domain experts or other developers usually provides important clues to solve reuse-related problems. Such reuse-relalted knowledge can help developers to reduce the time and effort to identify and solve the difficulties and problems that may arise in reusing software assets and in minimizing the risks of reusing them by allowing them to reuse reliable software assets in an appropriate way and by recognizing similar requirements or constraints of resuing the assets. In this paper, we describe a model to represent reuse-related knowledge in a formal way, and explain the architecture and a prototype implementation of Software Reuse Wiki (SRW) that enables collaborative organization and sharing of software reuse-related knowledge. We have conducted an experiment pertaining to problem solving in reusing assets based on reuse-related knowledge. We also discuss about our evaluation plan for showing the benefits and contributions of reuse knowledge representation model and management methods in SRW. We expect that SRW can contribute to facilitate users' participations and make efficient sharing and growing of reuse-related knowledge. In addition, the representation model of reuse-related knowledge and management methods can make developers acquire more reliable and useful reuse-related knowledge in a straightforward manner without spending additional efforts to find solutions to solve reuse-related problems.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.358-364
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• 2019

To improve the optical characteristics and antifouling of anti-reflective coating (AR) films, various AR coating films were prepared by varying the mixing ratio of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)/base and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS)/acid hybrid solution. Prepared AR coating films were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, contact angle analyzer, atomic force microscope (AFM), FT-IR and pencil scratch hardness test. In an AR coating film that prepared from the hybrid solution with a 10 wt% MTMS/acid solution, the glass substrate showed an excellent optical property (97.2% transmittance), good antifouling ($121^{\circ}$ water contact angle and $90^{\circ}\;CH_2I_2$ contact angle) and moderate mechanical strength (pencil hardness of 4 H). In particular, it is considered that the good antifouling was due to the well dispersion of the methyl group ($-CH_3$), derived from a small amount of MTMS/acid solution in the hybrid solution, on the substrate surface. From results of the pencil hardness test, the mechanical strength of AR coating film was improved as the content of MTMS/acid solution increased.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2019

The present study evaluated the role of AHNAK in Bartonella henselae infection. Mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with $2{\times}10^8$ colony-forming units of B. henselae Houston-1 on day 0 and subsequently on day 10. Blood and tissue samples of the mice were collected 8 days after the final B. henselae injection. B. henselae infection in the liver of Ahnak-knockout and wild-type mice was confirmed by performing polymerase chain reaction, with Bartonella adhesion A as a marker. The proportion of B. henselae-infected cells increased in the liver of the Ahnak-knockout mice. Granulomatous lesions, inflammatory cytokine levels, and liver enzyme levels were also higher in the liver of the Ahnak-knockout mice than in the liver of the wild-type mice, indicating that Ahnak deletion accelerated B. henselae infection. The proportion of CD4+interferon-${\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}^+$) and $CD4^+$ interleukin $(IL)-4^+$ cells was significantly lower in the B. henselae-infected Ahnak-knockout mice than in the B. henselae-infected wild-type mice. In vitro stimulation with B. henselae significantly increased $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 secretion in the splenocytes obtained from the B. henselae-infected wild-type mice, but did not increase $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 secretion in the splenocytes obtained from the B. henselae-infected Ahnak-KO mice. In contrast, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ secretion was significantly elevated in the splenocytes obtained from both B. henselae-infected wild-type and Ahnak-knockout mice. These results indicate that Ahnak deletion promotes B. henselae infection. Impaired $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-4 secretion in the Ahnak-knockout mice suggests the impairment of Th1 and Th2 immunity in these mice.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.46-55
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• 2022

It is very important to first detect and remove defective fruits with scratches or bruised areas in the automatic fruit quality screening system. This paper proposes a method of detecting defective areas in fruits using the latest artificial intelligence technology, the Yolo V4 deep learning model in order to overcome the limitations of the method of detecting fruit's defective areas using the existing image processing techniques. In this study, a total of 2,400 defective fruits, including 1,000 defective apples and 1,400 defective fruits with scratch or decayed areas, were learned using the Yolo V4 deep learning model and experiments were conducted to detect defective areas. As a result of the performance test, the precision of apples is 0.80, recall is 0.76, IoU is 69.92% and mAP is 65.27%. The precision of pears is 0.86, recall is 0.81, IoU is 70.54% and mAP is 68.75%. The method proposed in this study can dramatically improve the performance of the existing automatic fruit quality screening system by accurately selecting fruits with defective areas in real time rather than using the existing image processing techniques.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.407-419
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• 2022

The semiconductor fabrication process is complex and time-consuming. There are sometimes errors in the process, which results in defective die on the wafer bin map (WBM). We can detect the faulty WBM by finding some patterns caused by dies. When one manually seeks the failure on WBM, it takes a long time due to the enormous number of WBMs. We suggest a two-step approach to discover the probable pattern on the WBMs in this paper. The first step is to separate the normal WBMs from the defective WBMs. We adapt a hierarchical clustering for de-noising, which nicely performs this work by wisely tuning the number of minimum points and the cutting height. Once declared as a faulty WBM, then it moves to the next step. In the second step, we classify the patterns among the defective WBMs. For this purpose, we extract features from the WBM. Then machine learning algorithm classifies the pattern. We use a real WBM data set (WM-811K) released by Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop and analyze the effects of an educational program that can cultivate artificial intelligence(AI) convergence education competency for future education and enhance students' understanding of pre-service teachers. For this end, an AI convergence education program using Machine Learning for Kids and Scratch 3 was developed for 15 weeks under the theme of classifying the state of matter. The developed program were treated by K University pre-service teachers who participated voluntarily. As a result, pre-service teachers were able to metaphorically understand the learning process of students through understanding of machine learning training process. In addition, the pre-post t-test result of AI teaching efficacy showed a statistically significant improvement with t=-7.137 (p<.000). Therefore, it is suggested that the AI convergence education program developed in this study can help to increase the understanding of the pre-service teacher's students in an indirect way other than practice teaching, and can contribute to foster AI education competency.