• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 다양한 크기의 원환에 따른 균등원통교각 주위의 세굴심을 분석하여 세굴심 감소효과 및 원환의 적정 크기를 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 수리모형실험을 실시하였으며, 교각에 원환을 설치한 경우 원환을 하상 위보다 하상 아래에 설치하는 것이 더욱 효과적이었으며, 원환의 크기가 클수록 세굴심 감소 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 교각 직경에 대한 원환 직경의 비(W/D)가 2인 경우 약 67% 세굴심이 감소하였으며, 퇴적고는 약 70%정도 증가하였다. 세굴심 감소 효과, 세굴공 및 퇴적고의 분석 결과를 토대로 W/D=2인 원환을 최적 크기로 제안하였다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

The time consuming and expensive nature of experimental research on scouring processes caused by flowing water makes it attractive to develop numerical tools for the predication of the interaction of the fluid flow and the movable bed. In this paper the numerical simulation of scour by a wall jet is presented. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional, and the alluvium is cohesionless. The solution process, repeated at each time step, involves simulation of a turbulent wall jet flow, solution of the convection-diffusion of sand concentration, and prediction of the bed deformation. For simulation of the jet flow, the governing equations for momentum, mass balance and turbulent parameters are solved by the finite volume method. The SIMPLE scheme with momentum interpolation is used for pressure correction. The convection-diffusion equation is solved for sediment concentration. A boundary condition for concentration at the bed, which takes into account the effect of bed-load, is implemented. The time rate of deposition and scour at the bed is obtained by solving the continuity equation for sediment. The shape and position of the scour hole and deposition of the bed material downstream of the hole appear realistic.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.145-164
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• 2015

Bridge scour is the predominant cause of overwater bridge failures in North America and around the world. Several sensing systems have been developed over the years to detect the extent of scour so that preventative actions can be performed in a timely manner. These sensing systems have drawbacks, such as signal inaccuracy and discontinuity, installation difficulty, and high cost. Therefore, attempts to develop more efficient monitoring schemes continue. In this study, the viability of using optical dissolved oxygen (DO) probes for monitoring scour depths was explored. DO levels are very low in streambed sediments, as compared to the standard level of oxygen in flowing water. Therefore, scour depths can be determined by installing sensors to monitor DO levels at various depths along the buried length of a bridge pier or abutment. The measured DO is negligible when a sensor is buried but would increase significantly once scour occurs and exposes the sensor to flowing water. A set of experiments was conducted in which four dissolved oxygen probes were embedded at different soil depths in the vicinity of a mock bridge pier inside a laboratory flume simulating scour conditions. The results confirmed that DO levels jumped drastically when sensors became exposed during scour hole evolution, thereby providing discrete measurements of the maximum scour depth. Moreover, the DO probes could detect any subsequent refilling of the scour hole through the deposition of sediments. The effect of soil permeability on the sensing response time was also investigated.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.907-919
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• 2014

본 연구는 LES와 유사이동 모형을 이용하여 군말뚝 주변 세굴과정 및 특성의 수치모의에 관한 내용이다. 군말뚝 주변에서 세굴 및 퇴적은 말뚝간격에 크게 영향을 받았다. 무차원 말뚝간격이 3.75보다 작은 경우에는 군말뚝 주변 국부세굴 뿐만 아니라 단면축소세굴이 발생하였다. 반면 무차원 말뚝간격이 3.75 이상이면 단면축소세굴은 사라지고 각각의 말뚝에서 국부세굴만발생하였다. 상류에 위치한 말뚝에서 세굴 심변화는 단일 말뚝의 경우와 유사한 경향을 보였지만 하류에 위치한 말뚝근처에서 세굴심은 상류말뚝 존재 때문에 세굴심이 낮게 나타났고 경향성도 상당히 다름을 보였다. 군말뚝 주변의 무차원 최대 세굴심은 말뚝간격이 증가할수록 감소하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.35-35
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• 2023

The main reason for its instability is sediment scouring downstream of hydraulic structures. Both physical and numerical models have been used to investigate the influence of soil properties on scour hole geometry. Nevertheless, no research has been conducted on resistance parameters that affect sedimentation and erosion. In addition, auxiliary structures like wing walls, which are prevalent in many real-world applications, have rarely been studied for their impact on morphology. The hydraulic characteristics of steady flow through a boxed culvert are calibrated using a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics model compared with experimental data in this study, which shows a good agreement between water depth, velocity, and pressure profiles. Test cases showed that 0.015 m grid cells had the lowest NRMSE and MAE values. It is also possible to quantify sediment scour numerically by testing roughness/d₅₀ ratios (c_s) and diversion walls at a meander flume outlet. According to the findings, c_s = 2.5 indicates a close agreement between numerical and analytical results of maximum scour depth after the culvert; four types of wing walls influence geometrical deformation of the meander flume outlet, resulting in erosion at the concave bank and deposition at the convex bank; two short headwalls are the most appropriate solution for accounting for small changes in morphology. A numerical model can be used to estimate sediment scour at the meander exit channel of hydraulic structures based on the roughness parameter of soil material and headwall type.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2003

The 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have been concerned with the slability/function characteristics of the structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and the wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. So, to investigate the variation characteristics of the wave transmission ratio which depended on a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width were obviously presented. In summary, the results lead us to the conclusion that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is higher than about 4 times the degree at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of the covering block at the crest generated at the region which was located between the maximum and minimum damage curve, and it's maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure was $0.2\;L_s.$ As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When the maximum scour depth happened, the destruction of the covering block which was located at the toe generated at the front of the submerged rubble-mound breakwater. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of the structure may be obtained by the efficient decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of the wave transmission ratio.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.213-219
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• 2003

As the 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have concerned with their stability/function characteristics of structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. And as to investigate the variation characteristics of wave transmission ratio which depended to a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width obviously presented. In summary, there results lead us to the conclusions that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is high about 4 time degrees at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of covering block at the crest generated at the region which located between maximum damage curve, it maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure were 0.2L. As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When maximum scour depth happened. The destruction of covering block which located at the toe generated at the front slope destruction. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of structure may be obtained by the efficiently decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of wave transmission ratio.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.922-927
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• 2002

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

This study presents the theoretical approach for volume concentration, velocity profile, and granular discharge on the fluid-granule mixed flow downstream of the scour hole at the outlet of the hydraulic structure. Concept of dilatant model was applied for the stress-strain relationships of fluid-granule mixed flow since the flow downstream of the scour hole corresponds to debris flow, where momentum transfers through particle collisions. Mathematical formulations were derived using momentum equation and stress-strain relation of the fluid-granule mixture. Velocity profile under the assumption of uniform concentration over flowing layer showed the downward convex type. Deposition angle of downstream hump was found to be a function of an upstream slope angle, a dynamic friction angle and a volume concentration irrespective of flow itself, Granular discharge and the overflow depth were obtained with given values of inflow rates. Experimental results showed relatively good agreements with theoretical ones.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2023

기후변화로 인하여 발생하는 집중호우와 슈퍼태풍은 우리나라에서 많은 피해를 야기한다. 이러한 피해를 저감하기 위해서 다양한 형태의 하천정비사업이 추진되고 있으나, 홍수기와 갈수기가 뚜렷한 우리나라에서는 하천 균형을 유지하기가 어렵다. 특히, 하천정비 사업으로 설치된 하천구조물은 홍수기에 구조물 및 그 기초의 세굴이 발생되고 하상 변화 등 다양한 문제를 일으키고 있다. 이러한 하상세굴을 저감하기 위하여 하천의 만곡부에 다양한 베인이 많이 설치되며, 베인의 배치와 크기, 모양에 따라서 다양한 하상세굴 저감 효과가 나타난다. 베인은 원심력에 의해 발생하는 2차 흐름과 반대 방향으로 2차 흐름을 다시 생성함으로써 외측 하상 주변의 세굴이 감소하고 퇴적이 촉진된다. 본 연구의 이론은 질량보존법칙을 만족하는 연속방정식과 운동량 보존을 만족하는 운동량방정식을 적용한 지배방정식을 이용하고, 다양한 조건 하에서 베인의 영향을 조사하기 위해 설계 요인에 따라 전체 평균 유속 변화율을 측정한다. 사다리꼴 베인과 사각형 베인 모두에서 평균유속과 횡단면 유속이 모두 감소하였고, 이는 베인 설치로 인해서 원심력을 갖고 유하하는 하천유속이 방해를 받아 유속이 저감되기 때문이다. 또한, 하천흐름 방향에 수직으로 또는 경사적으로 설치된 베인은 원심력에 의해 발생하는 2차흐름의 역방향으로 2차흐름을 발생시켜 원심력 2차흐름의 상쇄를 나타내기 때문에 베인의 효과가 나타난다.