• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2022

In this study, we have examined pyrethroid actions on sodium channels in the pest insect Heliothis virescens. The synthetic pyrethroid permethrin increased steady-state sodium current in H. virescens central neurons and prolonged tail currents (I_Na-tail) due to extreme slowing of sodium channel deactivation. Prolongation of I_Na-tail was evident at permethrin concentrations as low as 60 nM, which modified ~1.7% of sodium channels and 10 μM permethrin modified about 30% of channels. The average time constant (τ₁) of tail current decay was ~335 ms for permethrin-modified channels. These modified channels activated at more negative potentials and showed slower activation kinetics, and failed to inactivate. Permethrin modification of sodium channels was dramatically potentiated by the α scorpion toxin LqhαIT, showing positive cooperativity between two binding sites. The amplitude of the tail current induced by 0.3 μM permethrin was enhanced ~8-fold by LqhαIT (200 pM). Positive cooperativity was also observed between permethrin and the insect-specific scorpion toxin AaIT as 10 nM permethrin potentiated the shift of voltage dependence caused by AaIT (~2-fold).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.413-418
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• 2023

This study presents the direction of the Republic of Korea Army in the future by examining the Manned and Unmanned Teaming(MUMT) Systems of the Military Advanced Countries of the United States, Israel, and France. In this study, the current status of the U.S. Ground Forces' 'Squad-X' program, the Israeli Ground Forces' Digital Army Program (DAP), and the French Army's Scorpion program were examined. Next, it was followed by a discussion of The Combat concept, a way of fighting in the future battlefield, with the development trend of a complex Combat system with various weapon systems supporting it. Finally, based on this, the direction of the development of MUMT system, which the Republic of Korea Army should engage in in the future, was presented as a conclusion. Since such MUMT system of advanced military forces are being developed in a secret manner, continuous longitudinal research needs be conducted.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2005

S152 is a small bright emission nebula located in the Perseus arm. Its optical diameter corresponds to 1.5 pc for an adopted distance 3.5 kpc. However, S152 is a part of a giant molecular cloud complex, which consists of several dense cores, containing active star-forming sites, and well aligned arm-like features. We analyzed the FCRAO $^{12}CO(J=\;1{\to}0)$ Outer Galaxy Survey data in this region to study the kinematical structure of this region, which resembles a big "scorpion". We found that there exist three different velocity components, about -54.5, -50.4, -48.8 km $s^{-1}$, depending on the position of the "scorpion". There also exist velocity gradients of 0.21 km $s^{-1}pc^{-1}$ and 0.16 km $s^{-1}pc^{-1}$ through the whole extent of the "scorpion". Interestingly, these two velocity gradients show an opposite direction with each other. It is likely that the velocity structure of this region may result from the mergence of different gas clouds, and the interaction with the SNR 109.1-1.0 occurred later, mostly at the region around the "head of the scorpion" only.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

We introduce arthroscopic Bankart repair technique using antegrade suture passer that can effectively restore detached anteroinferior capsulolabral complex for shoulder anterior instability. After diagnostic arthroscopy is performed using posterior, anteroinferior and anterosuperior portals, we confirm Bankart lesion and perform debridement and decortications of anteroinferior glenoid edge and neck. Suture anchor is inserted through anteroinferior portal at 2 mm medial side of glenoid edge (4:30 direction). Scorpion$^{TM}$ loaded suture is directly advanced to detached and retracted anteroinferior capsulolabral complex and the suture is passed at 10~15 mm medial side of detached anteroinferior capsulolabral complex (5:30 direction). The suture is retrieved by Scorpion's hook and then is tied using samsung medical center (SMC) sliding knot technique. Then suture anchors are serially inserted (2:30, 3:30) and capsulolabral complex repair is performed using suture hook and suttle-relay technique. This technique that can obtain anatomical restoration of anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament with proper tension is useful technique to reduce postoperative recurrence and makes it possible for less experienced surgeons.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.295-297
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• 1991

E. creticum has been used in folk medicine in Jordan as a remedy for scorpion stings in the rural areas and as a hypoglycemic agent. The hypoglycemic activity of an aquous decoction of plant arial parts of E. creticum was tested in normoglycemic and streptozocin-hyperglycemic rats. Results indicate that those extract caused significant reductions in blood glucose concentration when given orally.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 2015

We tested biomarker systems [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatography assay (ICG) kits] for the screening of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in contaminated environments using antibodies resulting from $17{\beta}$-Estradiol-induced vitellogenin (Vtg) in the wild scorpion fish Sebastiscus marmoratus. Monoclonal antibodies of two clones (S28 and S15) were used as capture and tracer antibodies for ELISA and ICG assays. ELISA detected Vtg at levels greater than $0.1{\mu}g/mL$, while ICG detected Vtg at levels greater than $1{\mu}g/mL$. However, the ICG system was able to detect antibodies from $17{\beta}$-Estradiol-induced Vtg serum that had been diluted 1,000 times. Our results suggest that previously developed biomarker assays can be used as detection systems to detect known endocrine-disrupting chemicals in contaminated environments, and to measure their activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2005

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.261-264
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• 2009

A maritime pseudo scorpion Garypus japonicus Beier, 1952 collected from Dokdo Island in the East Sea of Korea is reported and illustrated, which is the first record in Korea. The family Garypidae is also newly recorded in Korea. G. japonicus has been known only from Japan by Beier (1952) so far. Through the present study, its distributional range is extended to Korea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2004

Expression of a fusion protein between B. thuringiensis crystal protein, Cry1Ac1 and a scorpion insect toxin (AaIT, Androctonus australis Hector insect toxin) in acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain (Cry-B strain) was examined. The cry 1Ac1 gene was cloned in B. thuringiensis-E coli shuttle vector, pHT3101, under the control of the native cry 1Ac1 gene promoter (pProAc) and a gene encoding AaIT was inserted in XhoI site in the middle of the cry 1Ac1 gene (pProAc-ScoR). B. thuringiensis Cry-B strain carrying pProAc-ScoR (PyoAc-ScoR/CB) produced an inclusion body of irregular shape and the expressed fusion protein is approximately 65 kDa in size. Sporulated cells and spore-crystal mixtures of ProAc-ScoR/CB had insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae, showing $LT_50$ of ProAc-ScoR/CB (22.59 hrs) lower than that of ProAc/CB (30.06 hrs) at $1{\times}{10^7} {CEU/cm^2}$. These results suggest that the fusion protein including a B. thuringiensis crystal protein and an AaIT may be functionally expressed in B. thupingiensis. Moreover, we verified the additive toxicity of AaIT, which is a new feasible candidate for insect control.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.281-286
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• 2010

A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain was isolated and found to show antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and to possess a gene responsible for production of antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. For the extension of biocontrol range, a gene for an Androetonus australis Hector insect toxin 1 (AaHIT1), one of the most known toxic insect-selective peptides, was designed and synthesized according to the preferred codon usage of Pseudomonas fluorescens, cloned, and transformed into the strain by pSUP106 vector, a broad-host-range plasmid. Bioassays indicated that the engineered strain was able to produce AaHIT1 with insecticidal activity, and at the same time retain the activity against plant pathogen. The experiments for nonplanted soil and rhizosphere colonization showed that, similar to the population of the wild-type strain, that of the engineered strain remained relatively constant in the first 10 days, and the subsequent 50 days, suggesting that AaHIT1 expression in the bacterial cell does not substantially impair its long-term colonization. It is first reported that a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain expressing an active scorpion neurotoxin has dual activity against phytopathogenic fungi and insects, making at attractive for agronomic applications.