• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

Objective : Lumbar spine stenosis (LSS) can result in symptomatic compression of the neural elements, requiring surgical treatment if conservative management fails. Minimally invasive surgery has come to be more commonly used for the treatment of LSS. The current study describes outcomes of bilateral microdecompression by unilateral or bilateral laminotomy (BML) for degenerative LSS after a minimum follow-up period of 3 years and investigates factors that result in a poor outcome. Methods : Twenty-one patients who were followed-up for at least 3 years were included in this study. For clinical evaluation, the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system for low back pain was used. The modified grading system of Finneson and Cooper was used for outcome assessment. Radiographic evaluation was also performed for spondylolisthesis, sagittal rotation angle, and disc height. Results : Twenty-one patients (10 men, 11 women) aged 53-82 years ($64.1{\pm}8.9$ years) were followed-up for a minimum of 3 years (36-69 months). During follow-up, two patients underwent reoperation. Average preoperative JOA score and clinical symptoms, except persistent low back pain, improved significantly at the latest follow-up. There were no significant differences in radiological findings preoperatively and postoperatively. Thirteen patients (61.9%) had excellent to fair outcomes. Conclusion : BML resulted in a favorable and persistent outcome for patients with degenerative LSS without radiological instability over a mid-term follow-up period. Persistent low back pain unrelated to postoperative instability adversely affects mid-term outcomes.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.462-472
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• 2023

We investigated the physio-chemical and geochemical parameters in the spraying shellfish aquacultures (Yeoja and Gangjin Bay) to establish the systematic strategy for effective environmental management. Spatial variation of each parameter showed partially significant difference (P<0.05) between Yeoja and Ganjin Bay, inferring the discriminative progress (i.e., accumulation and degradation) of the autochthonous organic matter within the aquaculture environments. We additionally integrated various properties (e.g., water/sediment quality, natural hazard, and biological health) which may affect the biological growth within the aquaculture habitats based on the biogeochemical cycles related to environmental components and aquaculture species. We used a screening approach (i.e., one out-all out; OOAO) which can permit the assessment of the health levels of aquaculture species, the scoring for other parameters (seawater, sediment, and natural hazard) as three levels (excellent, moderate and poor) depending on the complex interactive properties occurring in the aquaculture environments. Actual, discriminative scores obtained via our case studies may confirm that these stepwise processes are effectively evaluated for optimal health conditions within the aquaculture habitats. Thus, this approach may provide valuable insights for effective environmental management and sustainable growth of aquaculture operation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2020

발바닥 피부염은 발바닥 표면에 생기는 상처로 세계 가금산업에서 더욱 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 발바닥 피부염은 닭의 복지뿐만 아니라, 닭발의 품질과 생산성에도 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 아시아 먹거리 시장에서 닭발에 대한 소비자 수요가 증가함에 따라 발바닥 피부염을 줄이기 위한 방법을 찾는 양계업체의 관심이 증가하고 있다. 발바닥 피부염은 깔짚 수분함량에 직접적인 영향을 받아 생기는 것으로 영양, 급수기 형태 및 관리, 환경 상태(온도, 상대습도, 암모니아 수준, 환기량 등), 계군의 건강 등 다양한 요인들이 복합적으로 연관되어 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 발바닥 피부염의 특징, 생성 원인, 발바닥 피부염 평가시스템, 최근 연구 등 발바닥 피부염에 대한 전반적인 사항을 다루고, 이를 통해 발바닥 피부염에 대한 이해와 향후 연구 수립에 도움을 주는 기초 자료로써 활용하고자 한다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

High-throughput genomic technologies (HGTs), including next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS), microarray, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), have become effective experimental tools for cancer genomics to identify cancer-associated somatic genomic alterations and genes. The main hurdle in cancer genomics is to identify the real causative mutations or genes out of many candidates from an HGT-based cancer genomic analysis. One useful approach is to refer to known cancer genes and associated information. The list of known cancer genes can be used to determine candidates of cancer driver mutations, while cancer gene-related information, including gene expression, protein-protein interaction, and pathways, can be useful for scoring novel candidates. Some cancer gene or mutation databases exist for this purpose, but few specialized tools exist for an automated analysis of a long gene list from an HGT-based cancer genomic analysis. This report presents a new web-accessible bioinformatic tool, called CaGe, a cancer genome annotation system for the assessment of candidates of cancer genes from HGT-based cancer genomics. The tool provides users with information on cancer-related genes, mutations, pathways, and associated annotations through annotation and browsing functions. With this tool, researchers can classify their candidate genes from cancer genome studies into either previously reported or novel categories of cancer genes and gain insight into underlying carcinogenic mechanisms through a pathway analysis. We show the usefulness of CaGe by assessing its performance in annotating somatic mutations from a published small cell lung cancer study.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 1994

GIS를 이용하여 토양 유실에 대한 환경영향 분석과 평가가 부여군의 금강유역을 대상으로 실시되었다. 수작업 계산으로 처리되고 있는 지금까지의 토양 유실량 산출방법은 토양 유실을 야기시키는 여러 자연환경 요소들의 정량적 분석과 또한 이러한 요소들의 복잡한 상관 관계들을 명쾌하게 규명하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 금번 연구에서 GIS의 활용은 이러한 환경분석 기술들을 변화시키고 자료들을 조직화할 뿐만 아니라, 기존의 분석과정들을 자동화시키는 이상의 변화를 가져오게 할 수 있었다. 연구지역에서 아주 경제적으로 생산된 최종 토양 유실 분석도는 여러 사용자들에게 GIS의 유용성과 활용성을 보여주는 계기를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서 도입된 토양 유실 공식(USLE)은 분수계내에서 실제 유실량 계산을 목적으로하고 있으나, 금번에 개발된 토양 유실 계수(Soil Loss Index)는 위으 공식 적용에 있어서 야기될 수 있는 자료들의 부정확성을 보완할 수 있음은 물론, 다른 분수계들에 대해서 상대적 토양 유실 분석에도 활용될 수 있다. 동시에 본 연구결과는 토사 유실에 따른 대책 수립에 커다란 기여가 예상되며, 지질 재해 예방에 적극 활용될 것이다. 앞으로 국내에서는 본 연구를 기초로 환경관리 분야에 대한 GIS 응용기술의 적극 개발과 환경분석 전문가 시스템 개발이 요구될 전망이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.313-325
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• 2019

일반적으로 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(HPAI; highly pathogenic avian influenza)가 발생을 하면 일정한 방역지역을 선정하여 그 범위 내의 농장에 대해서는 일괄적 살처분을 진행한다. 그러나 이러한 살처분은 산업에 막대한 경제적 손실을 줄 수 있지만, 방역 범위를 줄이게 되면 수평전파의 위험성이 커지게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 가금농장의 차단 방역 수준과 HPAI 발생 위험도를 측정할 수 있는 방법을 마련하고, HPAI가 발생 시 방역지역에 포함된 농장들을 선별적으로 살처분을 할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 수행하였다. 국내 가금농장의 계종, 규모, 지역에 따라 전국적으로 8개의 농장을 선정하였으며, 일반관리 51항목, 방역관리 106항목, 위생관리 26항목으로 총 183 항목으로 나누어 차단 방역 수준을 평가하였다. 전반적으로 산란계 농장인 5개 농장(JS, GE, CS, HS, OE)이 복지농장 (CH), 육계농장(JG, LB)보다 종합적으로 높은 수준의 점수를 획득하였다. 산란계 농장은 대부분 130점에서 157점 사이에 있는 반면, 육계농장은 45점과 75점이었으며, 복지농장은 70점 수준으로 농장간 차단 방역 수준 편차가 심하였다. 평상시 가금농장의 HPAI 발생의 위험도도 일반관리, 방역 관리, 위생관리로 나누어 평가한 후 기존의 각 농장별 현재의 차단 방역수준과 서로 비교하였다. 현재의 차단 방역 수준이 HPAI 발생 위험도보다 높은 수준의 농장의 경우 대부분이 3개 관리 분야 중 방역 관리가 뛰어나다는 공통점이 있었으며, HPAI 발생 위험도가 현재의 차단 방역 수준을 능가하는 경우에는 대부분 3개 분야의 관리가 전반적으로 취약하였지만, 특히 방역 관리수준이 매우 낮은 점수를 취득하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서 제시한 가금농장의 차단 방역 수준 평가를 위한 항목들을 활용을 하면 현재 가금농장의 차단 방역 수준을 평가할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, HPAI 발생에 대한 위험도를 추정할 수 있다. 따라서, 이러한 위험도 평가를 HPAI 발생시 방역 지역 내 농장에 다른 요소들과 함께 적용을 한다면 선택적 살처분의 가능성도 높아질 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2006

Backgrounds : Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lowering serum cholesterol levels could reduce the risk of CVD. Insamsansa-eum (Renshenshanzha-yin, ISE), composed of Ginseng Radix and Crataegii Fructus, is a new medicine developed to treat hyperlipidemia and CVD. Objectives : In this study, we intended to explore the clinical effects of ISE on patients with hypercholesterolemia, and moreover we also compared its effects according to the pattern identification. Methods : Subjects were administered ISE with the dose of 600 mg three times a day for 4 weeks. Patterns of subjects were identified with diagnostic scoring system for Yin-Yang and the condition of Excess-Deficiency before treatment. Serum lipids were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of medication. Results : ISE lowered total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), total lipid(TL), phospholipid(PL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) significantly. Compared with the data of our previous study, it was less effective than Atorvastatin but showed equal lipids-lowering effect to Chunghyul-dan (Qingxue-dan, CHD). In Yang pattern group, ISE was less effective in lowering TG and LDL than it was in not-Yang-not-Yinpattern group. On safety assessment, there was no adverse effect, hepatic or renal toxicity. Conclusions : We suggest that ISE is a safe and useful herbal medicine for hypercholesterolemia, and moreover it could be more useful when it is used for patients with not Yang pattern.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2013

Purpose: In previous study, the frequency of osteoarthritis and discomfort were high in ankle fracture-dislocation but detail results about ankle fracture-dislocation has rarely been investigated. In this study, we retrospectively analyze the outcome of the operative treatment of ankle fracture with dislocation for over-2 years follow up. Materials and Methods: There were 47 cases of ankle fracture-dislocation in our hospital from March 2007 to May 2010. We investigated 20 patients who underwent operation and were possible for over-2 years follow up. The result was estimated with the direction of dislocation, fracture type, the time of bone union and post-traumatic osteoarthritis with plain radiologic images. In clinical assessment, we statistically evaluated the function and pain through AOFAS score and Olerud & Molander scoring system. Results: By Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 13 cases(65%) of pronation-external rotation and 6 cases(30%) of supination-external rotation, 1 case(5%) of supination-adduction. AOFAS score was 85.5, and Olerud & Molander score was "excellent" in 8 cases, "good" in 5 cases, "fair" in 3 cases and "poor" in 4 cases. Postoperative complications in 4 cases revealed post-traumatic arthritis. All kinds of lateral dislocation of ankle fracture was 15 cases and the most common. Of these, all 3 cases, anterolateral dislocation showed post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Conclusion: In ankle fracture-dislocation, post-traumatic osteoarthritis occurred in 4 of 20 patient(20%). Especially, the possibility of post-traumatic osteoarthritis was more in cases of anterolateral or lateral dislocation. So, it must be needed that deliberate examination, for example, preoperative MRI and sufficient explanation to patient. Also, we have to follow up the patients carefully.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the range of shoulder motion using an indirect evaluation method without physical examinations of patients based on questionnaires regarding several specific arm postures referenced by patient's own body parts. Methods: Nine criteria of specific shoulder motion including 4 forward flexion, 2 external rotation, and 3 internal rotation were decided as reference position which can represent a certain shoulder motion. Flexion contains postures such as lifting arm to waist-height, shoulder-height, eye-height, and raising arm above head with arm touching ears. External rotation comprises grasping ears and placing hands on back of the head. Vertebral height in internal rotation is determined by calculating the samples' motions, which are holding on to trouser belts, opposite-elbow, and scapula. These postures are included in questionnaires for patients to evaluate the validity and effectiveness of this indirect method. Results: The range of flexion was $77^{\circ}$ ($60^{\circ}$ to $100^{\circ}$), $96^{\circ}$ ($87^{\circ}$ to $115^{\circ}$), $135^{\circ}$ ($115^{\circ}$ to $150^{\circ}$), and $167^{\circ}$ ($150^{\circ}$ to $175^{\circ}$) when arms go up to waist, shoulder, eye, and high vertically. Range of external rotation was $39.6^{\circ}$ ($30^{\circ}$ to $50^{\circ}$) when grasping ears and $69.2^{\circ}$ ($60^{\circ}$ to $80^{\circ}$) with the hands on the back of the head. Range of internal rotation was L4 when placing trouser belts, T12 for holding opposite elbow, and T9 for reaching scapula. The mismatch rates of flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation were 11.6%, 9.6%, and 7.8%. Conclusions: The range of shoulder motion using this method is expected to be applied to an established shoulder scoring system which included shoulder motion evaluation item.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권12호
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• pp.484-490
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of oral propranolol as a first-line treatment for superficially located infantile hemangioma (IH) and propose an assessment tool to measure treatment response. Methods: Patients with superficial IH under 1 year of age were prospectively recruited between May 2012 and December 2013 at the Department of Pediatrics of Chungbuk National University Hospital. Propranolol was administered to 12 infants (median age, 3.8 months) while monitoring cardiovascular and adverse metabolic effects. If a patient showed no adverse events, the dosage was gradually increased up to 3 mg/kg/day and maintained for 1 year. We used our own scoring system to assess treatment response using parameters like change in color, and longest diameter, and thickness of the IH. Results: Eleven out of 12 patients completed the protocol with consistent improvement of hemangiomas during therapy. Patients on propranolol showed a more than 50% involution in the first 3 months, with additional steady involution until 1 year. Patients with the highest scores at 1 month maintained their score and showed better responses until treatment termination. The patient with the lowest score at 1 month did not show any further regression and stopped propranolol treatment 4 months after initiation. In two children with recurrences after successful therapeutic regression, propranolol was effective after being reintroduced. Propranolol treatment was not interrupted in any patient due to adverse events. Conclusion: Oral propranolol at 3 mg/kg/day showed a consistent, rapid, and therapeutic effect on superficial IHs without significant adverse events.