• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the clinical and imaging features of contemporary osteomyelitis(OM) and to investigate differences in these features on panoramic radiography according to patients' history of use of medication affecting bone metabolism. Materials and Methods: The records of 364 patients(241 female and 123 male, average age 66.8±14.9 years) with OM were retrospectively reviewed. Panoramic imaging features were analyzed and compared between patients with medication-related OM(m-OM) and those with conventional, medication-unrelated OM(c-OM). Results: The age of onset of OM tended to be high, with the largest number of patients experiencing onset in their 70s. The 2 most frequent presumed causes were antiresorptive medication use (44.2%) and odontogenic origin (34.6%). On panoramic radiographs, a mix of osteolysis and sclerosis was the most common lesion pattern observed (68.6%). Sequestrum, extraction socket, and periosteal new bone formation were found in 143(42.1%), 79 (23.2%), and 24 (7.1%) cases, respectively. The m-OM group exhibited sequestrum and extraction socket more frequently and displayed significantly higher mandibular cortical index values than the c-OM group. Conclusion: We observed some differences in imaging features as shown on panoramic radiography according to the history of antiresorptive medication use. This study may help elucidate the predictive imaging features of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.241-250
• /
• 2011

현대인들은 가정생활과 직업환경 속에서 다양한 종류의 전자기파에 노출되며 전자기파 노출에 따른 생체위해성은 공중보건학적으로 중요한 이슈로 대두되었다. 현재까지 많은 체외 및 체내실험 결과에서 전자기파 노출이 세포대사, 내분비, 면역, 신경, 생식, 태아발달에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되었다. 세포나 개체 수준에서 시행된 실험연구에서는 전자기파 노출에 의해 세포내부 자유기의 증가, DNA 손상과 암발생, 발생기형, 생식기능 저하가 나타난다. 역학조사결과 전자기파 노출은 생명을 위협하는 질병인 백혈병, 뇌암, 근위축성 측삭경화증, 우울증, 자살, 알츠하이머와 상관성이 보고되었다. 이러한 생체기능 변화는 전자기파의 주파수, 노출기간, 강도 (에너지)에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 전자기파 노출은 곤충, 어류, 양서류, 파충류, 조류 등 야생동물에서도 동물행동, 번식, 생리기능의 변화를 초래한다. 본 소고에서는 인간보건학적 측면과 생태계에서 나타난 전자기파의 위해성을 전자기파의 종류, 노출시간에 따라 세포 및 개체 수준에서 보고된 위해성 자료를 정리하였다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2012

초점성 분절성 사구체 경화증(focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; FSGS)은 경화증을 주 병변으로 하는 질환으로서 일차성 사구체 질환의 하나이면서 진행된 사구체 질환의 형태적 변화를 기술하는 단어로도 사용되고 있다. 사구체에는 경화증, 유리질 형성, 거품세포의 출현, 발세포의 공포화, 광륜형성 등이 보이고, 간질의 섬유화와 염증세포의 침윤, 세뇨관의 위축, 혈관의 비후 및 내막 섬유화 등을 특징으로 한다. 면역형광검사에서 부분적으로 IgM과 C3 등의 침착을 보이지만 면역관련 질환은 아니다. 전자현미경 검사에서는 발세포의 손상 현상으로 세포질 내의 공포화와 족돌기가 상실되는 것이 중요 소견이다. 2004년 표준화 된 FSGS의 분류는 과거의 형태학적 변형들을 모아서 임상과의 상관관계를 지웠다. 그 결과 tip형이 가장 예후가 좋으며, collapsing형이 가장 나쁜 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나 이 분류가 증례에 따라서는 적용하기가 애매한 경우가 많고, collapsing형을 FSGS에 분류하는 것에 대한 반론 등이 제기되고 있다. 한편, 임상적으로는 FSGS를 원인에 따라 분류하여 거꾸로 형태학적 공통점을 찾으려는 노력을 하고 있다. 사구체의 수가 적어서 일어나는 과여과로 인한 FSGS는 perihilar형이 많고 유전적 질환에 의한 것은 diffuse mesangial sclerosis가 특징인 것으로 주장되고 있다. FSGS는 이와 같이 아직도 밝혀져야 할 것이 많은 질환이며, 계속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.72-76
• /
• 2016

골화석증은 골격의 경화증이 특징적으로 나타나는 드문 유전 질환으로 뼈 흡수 기전에 손상이 오며 조기 사망하는 질환이다. 반면 거대세포바이러스 감염은 가장 흔한 선천성 감염 중 하나로 빈혈, 혈소판 감소증과 간비장종대, 뇌 석회화 등이 나타날 수 있다. 심한 간비비대, 혈소판 감소증 및 저칼슘혈증과 발달지연으로 내원한 환자에서 두 가지 질환이 함께 있어 항바이러스제 치료 및 대증치료를 시행하였고, 치료 반응이 빠르게 나타나지는 않았으나 지속적인 치료 결과 대부분의 수치가 정상화 되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 증례는 골화석증 신생아에게 동반된 거대세포바이러스 감염의 첫 증례 보고로, 거대세포바이러스 감염에 대한 항바이러스제의 장기 치료로 호전된 사례이다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2008

혈관확장골육종은 골육종의 드문 아형이다. 늑골은 일반적인 골육종뿐만 아니라 혈관확장골육종에서도 흔치 않은 발생부위이다. 이 종양은 경화된 부분이 없이 혈액이나 괴사된 종양조직을 포함하는 단일성 또는 다발성 낭성 공간으로 구성되므로 다른 양성 낭성 병변과의 감별을 위해 주의 깊은 관찰이 필요하다. 그러므로 늑골이 혈관확장골육종의 호발 부위는 아니지만 일차적인 감별진단에 혈관확장골육종을 포함시키는 것이 중요하다. 늑골에서 발생한 혈관 확장골육종과 일차성 골육종에 관한 기존 보고, 혈관성골육종의 감별진단과 드문 부위에 발생한 골육종의 임상적 특징에 관한 문헌고찰과 함께, 늑골에서 발생한 혈관확장골육종 1예를 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 1993

Although the etiology of $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease is clearly related to avascular changes in the lunate, but the actual cause leading to this vascular impairment has remained elusive. Therefore, a great many different surgical procedures have been proposed for the correction of the multiple factors leading to lunate collapse or for the treatment of the lunatomalacia. The treatment modalities includes lunate excision, intercarpal arthrodesis, lunate implant resection arthroplasty, joint levelling operation(e.g ulnar lengthening & radial shortening), pronater quadratus pedicle graft and vascular loop graft. In the period from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1992, we performed operative treatment in 19 cases of $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease. Among them, 6 cases were treated with vascular loop graft. We analysed all patients who were treated with vascular loop graft after followed up of 4 year 6 months, on an average(range from 1 year to 8 year 10 months). The results analysed are as follows, 1. All cases were stage III according to Lichtman's classification. 2. Ulnar variance was -1.5(range$-2{\sim}0$), on an average. 3. The average age of patients were 37.7years old(range 31-41). 4. Postoperatively, there were considerable restoration of range of motion and complete relief of pain in all cases, but continued decrease of grip power in one case. 5. Decreased sclerosis, loss of fragmentation and new bone formation were appeared in the last follow up film, in all cases. The vascular loop graft considered as a useful method for the treatment of the $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.614-618
• /
• 1998

호지킨병이 기관지내 종물의 형태를 띠는 경우는 매우 드문 것으로 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 호흡곤란을 호소하면서 흉부방사선 촬영 소견상 우중하엽 무기폐를 보였던 23세 남자 환자에게서 기관지내시경을 시행하여 우측 주기관지를 막고 있는 용종형 종괴를 발견하고 기관지내시경하 생검을 시행한 결과 호지킨병 중에서 결절성 경화형으로 진단하여 전신 항암요법을 시행한 결과 증세호전 및 병변의 소실을 보였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제29권7호
• /
• pp.891-898
• /
• 2000

Objective : It is difficult to differentiate intramedullary spinal cord tumors preoperatively from non-neoplastic pathologies in patients presenting as non-compressive myelopathies in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). In this report, the authors reviewed nonneoplastic intramedullary spinal cord lesions preoperatively diagnosed as tumors and discussed their clinical and radiological characteristics and usefulness of surgical intervention. Methods : From January, 1985 to January, 1999, authors experienced eight non-neoplastic pathologies mimicking intramedullary spinal cord tumors and analysed their medical records, radiological findings and histopathological specimens retrospectively. Results : There were five males and three females and the duration of symptoms were from two to 20 months(mean, 9.8 months). The location of lesions were four cervical, one cervicothoracic and three thoracic. All patients manifested sensory abnormality, seven motor weakness, and six bladder symptom. All cases had swollen spinal cords and increased signal intensities in spin-echo sequences. Six cases showed contrast enhancement : four cases were focal and two diffuse. Under the impression of intramedullary tumors, the patients were operated upon. Final diagnoses on the base of clinical and pathologic finding were : three subacute necrotizing myelopathies, two multiple scleroses, two myelopathy of unknown etiology. One case showed no gross abnormality in surgical field in spite of adequate exposure of the lesion, so biopsy was not performed. In that case, postoperative MRI revealed spontaneous resolution of the lesion. Conclusion : MRI is invaluable diagnostic tool in screening myelopathies. However, its high sensitivity and lack of specificity make difficulty in preoperative differential diagnosis of non-compressive myelopathies. Although no surgical morbidity occurred in our series, we sometimes failed to confirm definite diagnosis even with biopsy. In such a circumstance, long-term follow up is needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.332-337
• /
• 2013

Microglial activation plays an important role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders such as cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, controlling microglial activation can serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for such brain diseases. In the present study, we showed that kalopanaxsaponin A, a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Kalopanax pictus, inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia, while kalopanaxsaponin A increased anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 expression. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that kalopanaxsaponin A inhibited LPS-induced DNA binding activities of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1, and the phosphorylation of JNK without affecting other MAP kinases. Furthermore, kalopanaxsaponin A inhibited the intracellular ROS production with upregulation of anti-inflammatory hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Based on the previous reports that JNK pathway is largely involved in iNOS and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression via modulating NF-${\kappa}B$/AP-1 and ROS, our data collectively suggest that inhibition of JNK pathway plays a key role in anti-inflammatory effects of kalopanaxsaponin A in LPS-stimulated microglia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.580-585
• /
• 2004

BJYGC is often clinically used as a treatment of allergic rhinitis. This study was aimed to find out the effect BJYGC would have on the helper T cell, and how it can promote the subsets of helper T cells to regain their balance that they lost due to immunological diseases. Splenocytes were prepared from BALB/c mice was cultured without stimulation in the presence of BJYGC for 48 hr. The viability of CD4 T cells from Balb/c mouse were measured at various concentrations of BJYGC using the MTS assay. It was somewhat increased up to concentration of 400 ㎍/ml, but did not show any significant difference. Proliferation was measured using the MTS assay, CD4 Th cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/28 in the presence of BJYGC for 48 hr. As evidence for rapid T cell activation, CD25 expression by flow cytometry was evaluated at 10, 50, 100 and 200 ㎍/㎖ of BJYGC. Th cell differentiation experiments were performed to examine whether BJYGC can affect the Th polarization process. CD4 T cells were activated in culture under neutral, Th1-polarized or Th2-polarized conditions in the presence of BJYGC at 10, 100 and 200 ㎍/㎖. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA. This experiment proved that BJYGC could inhibit the secretion of both IL-4 and IFN-γ in neutral condition and polarized condition, too. Considering that BJYGC shows an excellent effect on treating allergies, the author can conclude that its pharmacological action may be associated with decreased IL-4 and, it may also regulate IFN-γ depending the host's need. Also, it was discovered that Th1 cell was pathologic in chronic inflammatory tissue specific diseases, such as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, RA, and uveitis. We are counting on the BJYGC to be able to control the tendency of Th1 cell predominancy in an immune reaction.