• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2019

Background: An excessive pronated foot is defined as a flattening or complete loss of the medial longitudinal arch. Excessive foot pronation is considered to have high risk factors of overuse injuries in the lower limb. Various treatments have been investigated in attempts to control excessive pronation. Objects: This meta-analysis identifies the effects of an anti-pronation taping technique using different materials. Methods: The electronic databases used include MEDLINE, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Science Direct, the Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), the Korea National Library, and the Korean Medical Database (studies published up to July 31, 2019). The database search used the following keywords: "foot drop" OR "foot arch" OR "foot pronation" OR "flat foot (pes planus)" AND "taping" OR "support." Eight eligible studies were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of anti-pronation taping in study and control groups. Results: The overall random effect size (Hedges'g) of the anti-pronation taping technique was 0.147 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -.214 to .509). When the effect (Hedges' g) was compared by the type of tape material, rigid tape (RT; Lowdye taping) was .213 (95% CI: -.278 to .704) and kinesiotape (KT; arch support taping) was -.014 (95% CI: -.270 to .242). Based on this meta-analysis, it was not possible to identify the extent to which anti-pronation taping was effective in preventing navicular drop, improving balance, or changing foot pressure. Only three of the eight eligible studies applied KT on excessive pronated feet, and the outcome measure areas were different to those of the RT studies. The KT studies used EMG data, overall foot posture index (FPI) scores, and rear foot FPI scores. In contrast, the RT studies measured navicular heights, various foot angles, and foot pressure. Conclusion: This review could not find any conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of any taping method for patients with pronated feet. Future studies are needed to develop the anti-pronation taping technique based on the clinical scientific evidence.

• 보건의료기술평가
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2013

Objectives: Balancing benefits and risks through the drug life cycle has been discussed for many decades. The objective of this study was to review the processes and tools currently proposed for benefit-risk assessment of medicinal drugs. It aimed to establish scientific and efficient drug safety management system based on the synthetic analysis of benefit-risk evidence. Methods: We conducted a review of exiting literatures published by regulatory agencies or initiatives. Not only quantitative methodologies but also qualitative method were compared to understand their key characteristics for the benefit and risk assessment of drugs. Results: Recently, benefit-risk assessments have more structured approaches to decision making as part of regulatory science. Regulatory agencies such as European Medicines Agency, FDA have prepared plans to apply benefit-risk assessment to regulatory decision making. Also many initiatives such as IMI (Innovative Medicine Initiative) have conducted research and published reports about benefit-risk assessment. For benefit-risk assessment, four kinds of methods are necessary. Frameworks such as BRAT (Benefit Risk Action Team) framework, PrOACT-URL provide guidance for the whole process of decision-making. Metrics are measurements of risk benefit. The estimation techniques are methods to synthesis and combine evidences from various sources. The utility survey techniques are necessary to explicit preferences of various outcome from stakeholders. Conclusion: There is the lack of widely accepted, validated model for benefit-risk assessment. Nor there is an agreement among academia, industry, and government on methods for the quantitative valuation. It is also limited by available evidence and underlying assumptions. Nevertheless, benefit-risk assessment is fundamental to improve transparency, consistency and predictability for decision making through the structured systematic approaches.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 2005

Bruxism is defined as 'diurnal or nocturnal parafunctional activity including clenching, bracing, gnashing, and grinding of the teeth'. Bruxism and clenching are two of the most common contributing factors in patients with temporomandibular disorders and craniofacial pain disorders. Even though many studies report the high prevalence of bruxism, its cause is still not clear. Occlusal interference has been regarded as a major etiologic factor. Nowadays, psychological stress and sleeping disorders are generally regarded as major possible etiologic factors. More than likely, the cause is multifactoral and overlapping, which makes it difficult for the practitioner to apply comprehensive and effective management strategies. Although dentists and psychologists generally believe that effective treatment is best achieved with a better understanding of the etiology of a given disorder, for now treatment for this type of disorder must proceed without a clear understanding of etiology. To overcome this obstacle, evidence-based comprehensive management protocols based on accumulated scientific findings should be provided. In this presentation, epidemiology, etiology, and the characteristics of bruxism are reviewed. Diagnostic procedures and management strategies focused on occlusal appliances and behavioral approaches are also discussed.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

The development of science and technology oriented knowledge society accelerates the convergence between scientific theory and industrial technology and increases the complexity problem of social and economic sectors. These cause the difficulty of securing the reliability and objectivity of science and technology policy. These also are barriers of balanced evaluation between rational science and technology policy making, management, and policy coordination. In this regard, Advanced countries in science and technology develops policy support system and promotes the program of evidence-based SciSIP(Science of Science and Innovation policy) together. This paper introduces a new approach developing science service of science and technology policy utilizing business intelligence technology in Korea. Also, it proposes the integration method of policy knowledge base and component-based service supporting S&T policy decision-making process and introduces services case studies.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2015

With the diversification and internationalization of the food industry and the increased focus on health from a majority of consumers, food safety policies are being implemented based on scientific evidence. Risk analysis represents the most useful scientific approach for making food safety decisions. Total diet study (TDS) is often used as a risk assessment tool to evaluate exposure to hazardous elements. Many countries perform TDSs to screen for chemicals in foods and analyze exposure trends to hazardous elements. TDSs differ from traditional food monitoring in two major aspects: chemicals are analyzed in food in the form in which it will be consumed and it is cost-effective in analyzing composite samples after processing multiple ingredients together. In Korea, TDSs have been conducted to estimate dietary intakes of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, persistent organic pollutants, and processing contaminants. TDSs need to be carried out periodically to ensure food safety.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2016

Doctors are often faced with difficult decisions and uncertainty when patients need a certain treatment. They routinely rely on the scientific literature, in addition to their knowledge, experience, and patient preferences. Clinical practice guidelines are created with the intention of facilitating decision-making. They may offer concise instructions for the diagnosis, management (medical or surgical treatments), and prevention of specific diseases or conditions. All information included in the final version are the result of a systematic review of scientific articles and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. The final document attempts to meet the needs of most patients in most circumstances and clinicians, aware of these recommendations, should always make individualized treatment decisions. In this review, we attempted to define the intent and applicability of clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus documents, and registry studies, focusing on the management of patients with thoracic aortic disease.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2012

본 연구는 예비초등교사들이 과학탐구를 수행하고 이에 대한 과학글쓰기를 분석하여 증거와 이론의 조정의 유형과 특성을 탐색하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구에서 4개의 과학탐구활동에서 총 115개의 예비초등교사들의 글쓰기가 수집 및 분석되었다. 글쓰기 분석을 바탕으로 4개의 이론과 증거의 조정 유형을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 다음과 같이 유형을 제안한다. 유형1은 증거와 이론의 일치, 유형2는 증거와 이론의 일치 및 이론의 확장과 정교화, 유형3은 증거와 이론의 불일치, 마지막으로 유형4는 증거와 이론의 불일치 및 조정으로 보았다. 본 연구결과 우선 빈도수를 고려할 때 가장 많은 것에서 적은 것의 순으로 보면 유형1, 유형3, 유형2, 유형4의 순이다. 가장 빈도수가 높은 것으로 유형1이 나왔는데 이는 탐구질문에 내재된 이론이 참여자에 의해 쉽게 파악되었고 이를 지지하는 증거를 발견된 자료 중에서 골라냈다는 것으로 해석된다. 탐구주제와 조정유형의 빈도수 사이에 관련성이 별로 없었으나 예외적으로 활동1은 관련성을 보여주었다. 본연구의 이러한 결과는 학생들이 자신이 이미 가지고 있는 지식을 실험계획, 자료분석 및 해석 그리고 과학주장을 만들어내는 과정에서 잘 융합하고 있다는 점과 연관성이 있다고 보여진다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.27-47
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether parent education programs conducted in South Korea were effective in changing in parents' behaviors, parents' internal characteristics, and children's characteristics. We retrieved journal articles published in Korea between 2006 and 2011 using keyword searches of electronic databases. A total of 41 studies were included in our meta-analyses. The results showed that parent education programs had large positive effects on parents' behavioral changes and children's changes along with medium to large effects on parents' internal changes. The strengths of effect sizes varied depending upon program characteristics including children's age, the number of participants, participants' gender, the number of sessions, and group characteristics. This study provided powerful scientific evidence for public policies and services that aim to support and empower parents by providing parent education programs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2021

The 2020 American College of Cardiology focused update on the mitral regurgitation (MR) pathway provides an excellent summary of the decision-making trees in the treatment of severe MR, in which 2 main branches of the flowchart are suggested depending on whether MR is primary or secondary. Surgery is suggested as preferable over transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) in primary MR that needs intervention. The decision-making for secondary MR generally prioritizes TEER over surgery according to the guidelines, but further stratification is necessary based on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of MR. TEER is probably the more suitable option in secondary MR caused by left ventricular dysfunction or dilatation, given the high perceived surgical risks, despite the lack of sufficient evidence in support of overt clinical benefits from surgical therapy in these patients. In atrial functional MR associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), however, concomitant ablation of AF seems to be a desirable option, as it has been demonstrated to be a key factor leading to improved survival, reduced stroke risk, and more durable mitral and tricuspid function in patients undergoing mitral surgery. Therefore, atrial functional MR requiring intervention may be best treated by surgical therapy that combines mitral repair and AF ablation in the majority of patients. This particular issue, however, needs further research to obtain scientific evidence to guide optimal management strategies.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.25.1-25.13
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• 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes serious acute respiratory diseases including pneumonia and bronchitis with approximately 2.3% fatality occurrence. Main body: This study argues the main concepts that need to be considered for the gradual reopening of dental offices include treatment planning approaches, fundamental elements needed to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in dental healthcare settings, personal protection equipment (PPE) for dental health care providers, environmental measures, adjunctive measures, and rapid point of care tests in dental offices. Conclusion: This article seeks to provide an overview of existing scientific evidence to suggest a guideline for reopening dental offices.