• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.107-141
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• 2010

Visualization techniques are transformed into reliable representations through socio-technological processes which include the agreement on the instrument and the embodiment of practices in relevant scientific communities. Visual representations thus produced are justified by realistic and epistemic virtues in science. This paper analyzes different visual images presented in the scientific papers of two research groups who argue different theories about the mechanism of face perception. These two scientific groups use the same fMRI technology; yet, different experimental paradigms and visual stimuli change their hypotheses into distinct testable theories, which in turn lead to different evidences to support their own theories. Visual evidences are intermediate representations which lie between fMRI brain images and scientific theories, and theoretical models obtain the scientific value based on the consistency in the chain of visual representations. This study shows that representations in science tend to be good representations within the context of scientific communities. It will provide a chance to think of the value and limit of the scientific knowledge

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.243-270
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• 2017

The purposes of this paper are twofold: First, to discuss ways and limits of studying politics scientifically; second, to examine group theories to the study of political science. To answer the first question, I examine philosophy of science, methods of scientific research, and limits of scientific study of politics. As a subject matter itself, political science involves the study of human beings and the discovery of explanations for the political behavior that they exhibit. This discovery of regularities of behavior in politics inevitably requires that human beings act consistently or discoverable manner. I argue that the best way of studying politics as much as possible is to combine traditional and scientific approaches depending upon issues, The second section of this paper will examine one of important middle-range theory of politics; group theories (approaches). Examining this will show strength and limits of studying politics scientifically. The group approaches examine the importance of role that people hold in the political system as well as the relationship between the action of collective group and its impact on the political behavior. Overall, the group approaches tend to deal with individuals in specific societal contexts and with varying distributions of power between the actors. This group approaches are premised on the belief that political activity involves more than just one individual, political activity occurs instead through individual actors in particular settings. I argued that group theories have some explanatory power and descriptive richness, though it has limitations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.161-170
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• 2008

Objectives: This study aimed at comparing Sasang constitutional medicine(SCM) with other constitutional theories of the world. Methods: From PubMed database, we first searched all papers using the term 'constitution', then filtered those having really constitution-focused papers. Then, they were analyzed to compare each constitutional theory and medicinal practice. Results: There were five constitution-related medicines which have been practiced in medical field: Sasang, iridology, somatotype, dermatoglyphics and Ayurveda. There was the largest number of scientific researches for dermatoglyphics while the smallest number of papers was for SCM. The other three constitutional theories were based on anatomic/histologic difference between types in contrast to SCM and Ayurveda, which relied on inherited functional differences of four or three internal organs. Conclusions: This study simultaneously compared five major constitutional theories currently practiced as medicines in the world. We found that even as SCM seems to have the most potential as therapeutic medicine it should be studied more using scientific methodologies to be a world-wide medicine.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 1992

학생들은 수업전 그들의 일상적인 경험, 직접적인 관찰, 문화적인 배경으로 인하여 자연 현상에 관하여 과학자가 지니는 과학적 사고(Scientific theories)와는 다른 유년적 사고(Naive theories)을 지니고 있다는 사실이 연구에 의하여 보고되어 왔다. 본 연구는 중력현상에 관한 학생들의 유년적 사고(Naive theories)를 조사한 것이다. 이의 대상은 국민학생 49명, 중학생 53명, 고동학교 49명으로 하였다. 연구 방법으로는 질문지법(Open-ended written questions)과 면접법(Interview)을 이용하였다. 연구 결과는 국민학생에서 고등학생에 이르기까지 중력현상에 관하여 유년적 사고(Naive theories)를 지니고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 중력현상에 관한 유년적 사고(Naive theories)들은 중력 현상이 공기의 유무, 대기압, 마개의 유무, 물의 상태변화, 온도의 영향등으로 지배를 받는다고 설명하였으며, 이러한 생각은 고학년으로 갈수록 줄어들고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 질문지법(Open-ended written question)과 면접법(Interview)의 결과가 매우 일치하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2010

The concepts of laws like regularity or persistence or recurrence those are discovered in nature, became the essential elements in speculative philosophy, study and scientific technology. Western civilization was spread out by these natural laws. As this background, this study is aimed to research the theories of natural laws and the development of geometry as the descriptive tools and the development aspects of the concepts of space. According to Whitehead's four theories on the natural laws, the result of this study that aimed like that as follows. First, the theories on the immanence and imposition of the natural laws were the predominant ideas from ancient Greek to before the scientific revolution, the theory on the simple description like the positivism made the Newton-Cartesian mechanism and an absolutist world view. The theory on the conventional interpretation made the organicism and relativism world view according to non-Euclidean geometry. Second, the geometrical composition of ancient Greek architecture was an aesthetics that represented the immanence of natural laws. Third, in the basic symbol of medieval times, the numeral symbol was the frame of thought and was an important principal of architecture. Fourth, during the Renaissance, architecture was regarded as mathematics that made the order of universe to visible things and the geometry was regarded as an important architectural principal. Fifth, according to the non-Euclidean geometry, it was possible to present the natural phenomena and the universe. Sixth, topology made to lapse the division of traditional floor, wall and ceiling in contemporary architecture and made to build the continuous space. Seventy, the new nature was explained by fractal concepts not by Euclidean shapes, fractal presented that the essence of nature had not mechanical and linear characteristic but organic and non-linear characteristic.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-71
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• 2010

Scientific creativity is defined as the production of novel scientific facts, methods, theories, explanations, and instruments, as well as the entire process by which these novel facts, theories, explanations and instruments are generated. There have been many studies on scientific creativity, but there were few studies on the scientific creativity of a research team collaborating in laboratory settings. This paper aims to find the elements that constitute the creativity of a laboratory through empirical participant observation and theoretical analysis of RNA Biology Lab in Seoul National University - a lab which is considered to be the most creative laboratory in Korea. Creative accomplishments demand not just a sudden inspiration but also a complicated and continuous evolutionary process which requires a systematic division of labor and a corporation between researchers who have diverse knowledges and capabilities. Also, this paper shows that laboratory culture and leadership are an important factor for vitalizing the corporative structure of the laboratory.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.346-356
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate how to apply the theories of oriental medicine appropriately, which direction should be taken, and how it should be developed The results are as follows. First, to develop medicinal cuisine, it is necessary to grasp the theoretical system, considering Ohaeng and Omi, the five viscera and the six entrails, organs and body, by raising the level of understanding comprehensively about the relationship between the characteristics of each groups of Sasang Constitutions and the theories of Eumyangohaeng, and the relationship between the theory of Kimi. and food, and then to explain developed medicinal cuisine and apply those theories to inventing new ones. Secondly, to develop medicinal cuisine for health enhancement, it is also required not only to consider constitutions but also to suggest the need of knowledge for moderation in terms of regimen along with the theory of Kimi. Thirdly, to develop medicinal cuisine according to the perspective of Kimi. Theory, what should be taken into account is not only the understanding of the characteristics of food materials, but also the properties of them that the theory of Kimi, Eumyangohaeng, and Sasang Constitutions share so that it is possible to invent medicinal cuisine which is good for anybody to protect disease specific to a certain group of constitutions with, and serves as the dietary regimen customed to each constitution group. Lastly, the scientific effect of the medicinal cuisine which is developed according to the theory of Kimi., Eumyangohaeng, and Sasang Constitutions should be verified by scientific researches and clinical experiments. And it is believed to be essential for the government to make efforts to set a standard and laws to validate the medicinal effects and the process of assessment so that the systematic development can be encouraged, and to prepare guidance to food development for national health improvement.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.488-496
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• 2007

The aims of this study are to investigate how Kepler found a scientific problem for the retinal image theory and to investigate how Korean middle-school students respond when the same situation is applied to them. Kepler found the scientific problem in the eye vision through the critical analysis of contemporary theories of vision, based on his relevant knowledge of optics. When the same situation was applied to the Korean middle-school students, only a few students found the same scientific problem as Kepler. From the results, it is suggested that in developing creativity teaching materials, situations like Kepler's problem finding need to be included in programs.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.558-570
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• 2005

The importance of teaching the nature of science (NOS) has been always emphasized in science education. However, the NOS is hardly taught in elementary science class. We are lacking in the strategies and materials for teaching NOS. So we designed the science drama teaching, and investigated the effects on pupils' perceptions about NOS. The subjects of this study were 185 third graders from a elementary school. The treatment group was provided with science drama lessons and the control group was provided with traditional lecture-type lessons. Their perceptions about NOS were investigated before/after the science lessons and after 3 months following them, and both of two groups were compared. The pretest results revealed that the pupils of both groups were found to have similar views on NOS. Dey had traditional views of the most items except for social construction of theories, mathematical knowledge and decision-making. After science lessons, they tended to change their views toward modem views, but the pupils of the treatment group showed more modem views than those of the control group on the observation, model, social construction of theories, predictions. After 3 months, the pupils of the control group tended to come back to their traditional views, but those of the treatment group showed tendencies that their changed views were kept up on the observation, scientific model, scientific knowledge, scientific methods, decision-making, social construction of theories, mathematical knowledge. Therefore this study suggests that science drama teaching could be one of the effective ways for teaching NOS.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.945-959
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• 2011

Creativity is always important in science gifted education. There are many research results about enhancing the creativity. One of the ways of enhancing students scientific' creativity is to let them think and research like scientists so that they can follow how scientists find problems and solve them. So in this study, scientific creative elements were extracted from the Pauling's detailed examples of research process by using many documents. Abductive reasoning, paradox, changing the perspective, modeling, simplifying, converging thinking, diverging thinking, and metaphorical thinking are thinking methods that were extracted from the Pauling's research process. Repeated experiment, co-experiment, using both theories and experiments, and social obligation as a scientist are research methods. Scientific creative elements that were extracted suggest some direction that have more scientific creativity, more ability to find problems, and more ability to form theories in science education or in science gifted education.