• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.825-838
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a survey tool of scientific character for elementary student which connects science education and character education effectively by figuring out traits of elementary students' character being presented in teaching and learning context of elementary school science. For this, we adapted the theocratical model from the previous research which defined scientific character as the competencies being able to practice in concrete teaching and learning context of science. Based on this model, we developed the survey tool as 'Scientific Character Inventory for Elementary Student' to assess elementary students' scientific character as the competences to practice the virtues being pursued in the context of elementary school science and verified its reliability and validity. As a result of an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we confirmed all the items could be summarized into 28 items and eight constructs such as scientific problem-solving, self-management, self-reflection, communication, interpersonal skill, community participation, global citizenship, and environmental ethics awareness. We found that minimum reliability coefficient of constructs was over than 0.5 and reliability coefficient of the total items was 0.878. And also, there was modest relationship between each construct and the total score of scientific character. These results show that the developed survey tool can be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of science character education. This study is meaningful in that it systematically reveals constructs of scientific character which can be raised in concrete context of science teaching and learning so as to suggest the survey tool to assess this.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.1-30
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• 2005

In recent times, artists rely increasingly on science and technology, whereas scientists frequently use such an aesthetic tenn like 'eauty.' This shows that the gap between the 'two cultures' are narrowing down due to the necessity of both sides. The historical interaction between science and art has been extensively discussed by the historians of art and those of science. As the complexities of scientific and artistic practices were uncovered, similarities between them were also revealed. The goals of this paper, which explores the relationship and interactions between science and art, are the following three. The first is to bridge the gap between the two cultures (i.e., science and art) by disclosing the mutual influences between them. Second, drawing on recent works on the nature of scientific and artistic creativity, this paper aims to show some similarities and even common factors between scientific and artistic creativity. Finally, by highlighting similarities and common elements between scientific and artistic creativity, this paper will emphasize the role of imagination, insight, emotion and visualization not only in art but also in science.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

Understanding of a clinical trial is essential in developing clinical guideline and adopting evidence based practice. In designing and executing clinical trials, following ethical requirements should be considered : social value, scientific validity, fair subject selection, informed consent, favorable risk-benefit ratio, institutional review board, and respect for human subjects. According to the stage of drug development, purpose of trials, accumulated scientific data, clinical trials for drug development are classified as phase 1, 2, 3, and 4. Phases of clinical trials can be overlapped and the judgment of entering into the next phase should be considered highly strategically. In reading, evaluating and interpreting clinical trial reports, various skills and challenges exist. Patient sample composition, trial duration, selection of endpoints, responders and non-responders, placebo effect, patient recruitment, and extrapolation to the real world are the examples of those challenges. Treatment success will come from the well balanced approach of evidence based decision making and consideration of specific single case.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.413-420
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• 2016

Doctors are often faced with difficult decisions and uncertainty when patients need a certain treatment. They routinely rely on the scientific literature, in addition to their knowledge, experience, and patient preferences. Clinical practice guidelines are created with the intention of facilitating decision-making. They may offer concise instructions for the diagnosis, management (medical or surgical treatments), and prevention of specific diseases or conditions. All information included in the final version are the result of a systematic review of scientific articles and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. The final document attempts to meet the needs of most patients in most circumstances and clinicians, aware of these recommendations, should always make individualized treatment decisions. In this review, we attempted to define the intent and applicability of clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus documents, and registry studies, focusing on the management of patients with thoracic aortic disease.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2007

Background : Mahuang (Ephedra sinica) has been used widely to treat respiratory disease in traditional medicine for over thousands years. Mahuang preparations contain approximately $0.75{\sim}1%$ ephedrine alkaloids. Recently in North America, the Eephedra alkaloids has aroused a controversy due to its adverse effects in those using whole extracts as "dietary supplements" for weight loss or athletic performance enhancement. Objective : To discuss the need for clinical practice guidelines on the use of Mahuang. Results and Conclusion : It is widely assumed that Mahuang is one of the useful medicines and is safe for human body. Most of scientific literatures support that the safety of Mahuang prescription in common dosage. However, it has been claimed that there were some warnings and apprehensions about the harmfulness of Mahuang as dietary supplements. This article does not negate the fact that it is necessary to pay more attention for use of Mahuang in clinical situations. We assert that the establishment of clinical practice guideline on the use of Mahuang, which is based on scientific materials and consensus, is required in traditional medicine.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Given the difference in research performance in various scientific fields, this study aims to weight and valuate current indicators used for evaluation of scientific productions (publications), in order to adjust these indicators in comparison to each other and make possible a more precise evaluation of scientific productions. This is a scientometrics study using documentary, evaluative, and survey techniques. The statistical population consisted of 106 top Iranian researchers, scientists, and scientific and research managers. Then their research résumé information was gathered and analyzed based on research questions. In order to compare values, the data gathered from research production performance of the population was weighted using Shannon entropy method. Also, the weights of each scientific production importance according to expert opinions (extracted from other works) was analyzed and after adjustment the final weight of each scientific production was determined. A pairwise matrix was used in order to determine the ratios. According to the results, in the area of engineering sciences, patents (0.142) in the area of science, international articles (0.074) in the area of humanities and social sciences, books (0.174), and in the area of medical sciences, international articles (0.111) had the highest weight compared to other information formats. By dividing the weights for each type of publication, the value of each scientific production compared to other scientific productions in the same field and productions of other fields was calculated. Validation of the results in the studied population resulted in very high credibility for all investigated indicators in all four fields. By using these values and normalized ratios of publication indicators it is possible to achieve precise and adjusted results, making it possible to feasibly use these results in realistic policy making.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 2004

This study aims to explore the meanings of clinical expert nurse's professional experience. This study was based on a phenomenological approach. All participants were working at S-hospital, located in Seoul. Data were collected through in-depth interviews which were performed from October 2003 to September 2003. Interviews lasted one and half hours and data were analysed by Giorgi method.Four main meanings were identified: 1) scientific clinical nursing practice, 2) value oriented clinical nursing practice, 3) collaborative clinical nursing practice and 4) proactive clinical nursing practice. The results of this study showed that there were clinical expert nurse's nursing activites in South Korea. In order to develop the professionalims or experts of the clinical nursing practice, specialized programs stimulating nurse's personal effort and systmemic education and institutional programs are needed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.455-474
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which scientists reflect on the scientific practices, based on the premise that reflection is one of key elements for shaping scientific identities. This paper specifically considers scientists' reflections as the processes in which their senses of ethical issues and the value of science are articulated. To do so, the study developed a narrative inquiry for exploring the value of scientists' stories. Fourteen professional scientists' stories were collected in the context of the stem cell research, in ways that foreground their reflections on current scientific practices and the surrounding socio-cultural conditions. As for ethical issues, scientists' stories were analysed in terms of four claims regarding the themes of bioethics, integrity, scientific issues and communication. Furthermore, scientists' reflections on the value of science were analysed in relation to the elements of nature of science. Based on the results, discussion focused on the value of science stories as an instrument with which to guide students into the enculturation in the practices of scientific culture.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop a convergent arts and science program for 5yearold children and to evaluate this effectiveness of the program. To meet the purpose of this study, 34 children (aged, 5 year) were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. To the experimental group, the creative arts and science convergence program of interest in this study was delivered over a period of 8 weeks. The children of the control group were delivered the Nuri Curriculum (standardized educational curriculum targeted for 3- to 5year olds) during the same experimental period. The levels of the children's creativity were assessed using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking-Figural and those of their scientific inquiry ability were tested by using the Scientific Inquiry Ability Assessment Scale. The analysis of covariance calculated using by IBM SPSS ver. 21.0 revealed that the experimental group scored higher in creativity and scientific inquiry than did the control group. The results indicated that the proposed convergent arts and science program was effective in promoting creativity and scientific inquiry ability of young children. In this paper, along with the main results of this study, the implications for research and practice are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.403-414
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• 2023

In this study, we examined the adaptive practices of science teachers in their classrooms and their perspectives on the distinguishing features of these practices within science subjects. Our analysis comprised 339 cases from 128 middle and high school science teachers nationwide, and 199 cases on the characteristics of adaptive practices in science disciplines. The primary findings were as follows: First, the most significant characteristic of adaptive practice in science disciplines pertained to experimental procedures. Within the 'suggestion of additional materials/activities' category, the most frequently cited adaptive practice, teachers incorporated demonstrations to either facilitate student comprehension or enhance motivation. Additionally, 'experimental equipment manipulation or presentation of inquiry skills' emerged as the second most common adaptive practice related to experiments. Notably, over 50% of teacher responses regarding the characteristics of adaptive practices in science pertained to experiment guidance. Second, many adaptive practices involving difficulties experienced by students in learning situations were presented, particularly in areas such as numeracy and literacy. Many cases were related to the basic ability of mathematics used as a tool in science learning and understanding scientific terms in Chinese characters. Third, beyond 'experiment guidance', the characteristic adaptive practices of science subjects were related to 'connections between scientific theory and the real world', 'misconception guidance in science', 'cultivation of scientific thinking', and 'convergence approaches'. Fourth, the cases of adaptive practice presented by the science teachers differed by school level and major; therefore, it is necessary to consider school level or major in future research related to adaptive practice. Fifth, most of the adaptive action items with a small number of cases were adaptive actions executed from a macroscopic perspective, so it is necessary to pay attention to related professionalism. Finally, based on the results of this study, the implications for science education were discussed.