• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.57.3-57.3
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• 2021

99942 Apophis is an Sq-type Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) with an estimated diameter of 370 m. It will approach the Earth down to 31,000 km from the surface during the encounter on April 13, 2029 UT, which is closer than geostationary satellites. This once-in-a-20,000 year opportunity would further expand our knowledge on the physical and dynamical processes which are expected to occur due to the gravitational tidal forces when an asteroid encounter with a planet. It will also provide an opportunity to promote great knowledge of the science of planetary defense. The science goal of the Apophis mission is to global-map the asteroid before and after the Earth's approach. In this talk, we will present scientific objectives, and briefly introduce instruments and operation scenarios of the mission.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-60
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyse the elementary school science curriculum and textbooks of South and North Korea, then gather the fundamental sources for the establishment of elementary school science curriculum after Unification of Korea by clarifying the difference and the likeness in educational objectives, contents, teaching methods of both Korean elementary school sciences. Based on this comparison and analysis, this study tried to give the concrete suggestions for the elementary school science curriculum and textbook development after Unification. For this, analyses were carried out for the curriculum managing systems, subject organization, education goal, emphasis on each field, teaching-learning and evaluation method. Besides, this study compared and analysed the elementary school science textbook development and distribution system, apparent format, content organization, ratio of content categories, content scope and level and the related terms appeared in both Korean elementary school science textbooks. The result of this study showed a lot of differences in the educational objectives, contents, and educational method of the elementary school science between South and North Korea. The grasping of these differences and the exact understanding about what causes these differences and how the differences are made must be the necessary work for the science curriculum establishment, especially for elementary school science curriculum and textbook development, after Unification.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 1998

Many science educators concern about the problems of assessment using paper & pencil test. Performance assessment is believed to be a very promising alternatives to traditional assessment. Portfolio assessment, a kind of performance assessment, has many desirable characteristics to foster students' creativity and increase students' responsibility for their own learning. However few research study has been dealt with this assessment method and few teacher adopts this method in science class. The characteristics and structures of portfolio assessment were explored by reviewing related literatures. The appropriate portfolio assessment was designed based on the results of exploration. For our primary science class, general and specific objectives are needed, depending on the nature of the instructional topics. The children's evidences for portfolio may be limited in their forms because of insufficient learning materials and reproducing facilities in classrooms. Large portions of children's evidence should be collected during class hours to reduce burdens of children. The evaluation criteria may be holistic rather than analytical because of large class size. Portfolio assessment will bring about many changes in primary science classes. Students' have more responsibility in science learning. Teachers will focus major instructional objectives, and concern more about students' meaningful learning. Although portfolio assessment requires more work to teachers and children it could be applicable to our science classroom.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-97
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• 2004

Practical experience with technology implementation of the upgrading of very small village industries in India suggests that innovation failures are not merely a result of the lack of proper interaction between the users and suppliers of technologies under implementation, but also a result of adoption of the primitive conception of competitiveness in their practice of technology development. The approach of promoting the small producers to become individually competitive by using labour intensive, small-scale intermediate technologies is proving to be totally inadequate for the achievement of technological efficiency in a dynamic sense. Guided by a primitive notion of competitiveness, the suppliers of intermediated technologies are thus being led into limiting their technological efforts in the sectors of direct interest to the rural industrial clusters to the transitional objectives of mainly poverty alleviation. Consequently they have not been able to target the small producers of these village industries for the objectives of business growth. This paper posits that under competitive conditions the self-employed small producer has not only to come together for access to resources, but also has to emerge as a multi-sectoral collective of producers, co-operating in production. With the aim to draw lessons that are generic and have policy implications for the development of innovation systems for local economy based rural industrial clusters and value chains, the author analyses in this paper the experience of innovation in technological systems for the sectors of leather, fruits and vegetable processing and agro processing by the People's Science Movement with the help of the Ministry of Science and Technology and other sectoral ministries in India where rural poor were required to pool the resources and capabilities for raising the scale and scope of their collective production organization.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.219-223
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• 2016

Background: Promoter hypermethylation is a frequent epigenetic mechanism for gene transcription repression in cancer and is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) contributes to cell contact-mediated communication. Dysregulation of promoter methylation has been reported in various cancers. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the CELSR3 hypermethylation level in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis (MS-HRM) and to correlate CELSR3 methylation with patient demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Frozen tissue samples of healthy subjects' normal mucosa and OSCCs were examined with regard to their methylation levels of the CELSR3 gene using MS-HRM. Results: MS-HRM analysis revealed a high methylation level of CELSR3 in 86% of OSCC cases. Significant correlations were found between CELSR3 quantitative methylation levels with patient ethnicity (P=0.005), age (P=0.024) and pathological stages (P=0.004). A moderate positive correlation between CELSR3 and patient age was also evident (R=0.444, P=0.001). Conclusions: CELSR3 promoter hypermethylation may be an important mechanism involved in oral carcinogenesis. It may thus be used as a biomarker in OSCC prognostication.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1995

The goals of nursing education, and the bases for evaluating them depend on the goals of nursing practice. In order to prepare for the coming twenty first century and the meet changing societal demands and health needs, it is necessary to develop a new conceptual framework for future nursing education. While hospitals will still be in significant components of the health care system, will no longer be central focus or dominant influence. Health care services will be more usually delivered at community base. The nursing education required by that new approach must provide for reconsidered about a concept of caring as nursing curriculum. The changes in health care delivery that have occured, now being proposed, for nursing education undergoing its own changes. So the philosophy and objectives of education meed to reconsidering about the caring concept and general nursing. Nurse educators must prepare students to practic in condition of constant change. At the same time nurse educators must emphasize preparation about that. The practice of science of caring in nursing draws on a basic knowledge of the behavioral knowledge, biophysical processes, pathological processes, nursing skills and procedures and various treatment regimes and problem solving to help decision making in nursing situations. The concept of care is probably one of the least understood ideas used by professional and nonprofessional people, yet it is probably one of the most improtant concepts to be understood by nursing. Human caring and human relationships are closely interrelated. Humn caring remains an essential dimension of professional work and the science of caring as essental to the discipline of nursing. It is expected that the objectives of nursing education will be accomplished when the course and content of the curriculum are based on this conceptual framework. One recurrent education goal with some consistency is that of equipping the student with the necessary skills to live effectively and productivly in the world of tomorrow. In the new vision we are developing, professional education must also include exposure to liberal arts, encouragement of critical thinking, and a moral context for advanced professional education that is based upon a contextual health policy and caring science educational model.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.216-222
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• 2024

Objectives: To compare the levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale among undergraduates of dental, medical and engineering students during COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to correlate the factors influencing level of anxiety and to assess the coping strategies practiced by undergraduates' students of Karachi duri.ng COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology: The cross-sectional based survey was conducted online among the medical, dental and engineering undergraduates' university students of private sector in Karachi through purposive sampling technique during COVID-19 lock down period. The GAD-7 validated tool was used along with the demographic variables, related stress factors and the coping skills practiced during this outbreak. Total 571 questionnaires were found completed in all sections. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 23. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mental health of the students was assessed on GADS-7 scale as normal, mild, moderate and severe levels. From the total (n=18-3.2%) were normal, (n=132-23.1%) had mild, (n=343-60.1%) had moderate and (n=78-13.7%) had severe anxiety level on GADS-7. The levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale were all positively associated with the related stressors at p-value of 0.000. Moreover the results depicted that there was a moderate and positive correlation found (0.456, 0.447, 0.512 and 0.452) for all related stressors and GAD-7 scale. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19, meditation and engaging in some other activities were the most frequently used coping strategies for all levels of anxiety among three cohorts of undergraduates'. Conclusion: Undergraduates has shown 96.9% drastically increased level of anxiety during the outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19 was the most frequent behavior practiced by the students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to establish the goals of Science Pedagogy as a subject curriculum. This study is served as the criterion for syllabus of teacher's university which instruct the preservice science teachers. To perform this study, by a premise of Science Pedagogy, the domains and the categories of science eduactional goals ware pursued by review of literature. In this study, the sources to establish science educational goals are national educational ideology, nature of science, interests and cognitive levels of children, and social demands. According to these sources, the domains of science educational goals are as follows; 1.cognitive domain 2.inquiry process domain 3.manual skills domain 4.creativiry domain 5.science attitude domain 6.S-T-S domain These six domains are essential to school science educational achievement. Therefore, these domains are surely reflected in the course of science preservice teacher's training. On the base of these domains of science educational goals, 1 general goal and 10 specific objectives of Science Pedagogy are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.988-1002
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• 1997

The objectives of this study are to consider about the research of a costume and a discussion about a system of costume by practical science scholar in the late period of Chosun Dynasty. The result are descrived as follows: 1. The purpose that practical sciellce scholars researched a costulne was not only the intellectual research but also to make a basis in order to reform a uncorrected costume's system. Their study had two point. The one was the investigating research about the origin and change of the costume. The other was the study about a formation of costume. 2. The practical science scholars determined the directions to reform a wrong costumes' system on the basis of the research about a costume. They had three directions. Those were a conservatism, a rationalism to think the realities of life and a reformation. 3. The practical science scholars' thinking was to pursue the origin form and the practical use. This two axis show the direction to improve our costulne's culture now a day.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2002

The egg productivity of the chick is represented by the number of egg produced, egg weight, and sexual maturity, which are regulated by various endocrine factors. Although there were some reports that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-Ⅰ) affected egg production, studies on any correlation between IGFs and egg productivity were not reported in poultry. The objectives of the present study were to examine the IGFs profile and egg productivity in both KNOC and laying hen (Saver) and to investigate the relationship of IGFs with egg productivity. Whole blood was collected every 10 wk until 60 wks. (omitted)