• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate various kinds of discipline problems in middle school classrooms, and the differences in severity and frequency of the classroom discipline problems between male and female students' classrooms in middle schools. This study shows that the discipline problems in the middle school classrooms include using a cellular phone, chattering, sleeping, chewing gum, reading comic books, asking useless questions, challenging a teacher, fighting, calling names, skipping class, throwing trash in the classroom, breaking classroom equipment, creating disorder, losing materials, playing with a ball in the classroom, gambling, and so on. Generally, male students recognized the severity of the classroom discipline problems more than the female students. However, it is shown that the frequency of discipline problems in male students' classrooms is higher than that in female students' classrooms. From the results of this study, male students have more active discipline problems (playing with a ball in the classroom, throwing trash in the classroom, coming to class late, gambling, cutting in line, and so on). On the other hand, female students have more passive discipline problems (making a noise by using a cellular phone, asking useless questions, sending messages to a classmate, studying other subjects, scattering, and so on).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.145-152
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the principal's democratic leadership style, teacher competency, work discipline, and work environment on teacher performance during the pandemic. Using the proportional random sampling strategy, a sample of 468 respondents consisted of kindergarten teachers, elementary school teachers, junior high school teachers, junior high school teachers, and high school/vocational school teachers. The study revealed that the principal's democratic leadership style, teacher competence, work discipline, and work environment substantially impact teacher performance. However, the principal's democratic leadership style does not affect teacher performance, whereas teacher competence, work discipline, and work environment have a minor impact on teacher performance. Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, work discipline is the most critical variable influencing teacher performance. The findings of this study suggest that the principal's democratic leadership style, teacher competence, work discipline, and work environment have a positive impact on teacher performance during the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, work discipline is the most important variable influencing teacher performance. Considering that democratic leadership has no effect on teacher performance and that this leadership style is widely used by school principals in the world of education, it is assumed that there is no effect on teacher performance.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.977-988
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to help teachers increase the level of student's school life satisfaction by comparing between the practical data of a group which have an accordant perception for class teacher's discipline style perceived by between teacher him/herself and student with another group which have a discordant perception for class teacher's discipline style perceived by between teacher him/herself and student. For this study, 1460 second grade special high school students in Pusan were selected. And 1273 students and 56 teachers' questionnaires were used for analysis, while 5 questionnaires went uncompleted. T-test and Multiple Regression Analysis were used for compiling statistics of collected data. The results of this study are as follows: First, perceptions about the teacher's discipline style perceived by between teacher him/herself and student were different. Second, the levels of student's school life satisfactions were different by two group. A group which has an accordant perception for class teacher's discipline style perceived by teacher him/herself and student shows the high level of school life satisfaction than B group which has an discordant perception. Last, class teacher's discipline style which affects the level of student's school life satisfaction was different by the two group. These results suggest that to increase the level of student's school life satisfaction, class teachers have to a mutual understanding first, and then approach their students with different discipline style by the level of their interactive relationship with their students.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.444-446
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• 2007

Ethanolic extract of Aphanamixis polystachya bark was used to investigate its analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The bark extract exhibited statistically significant and dose dependent analgesic activity in mice. The bark extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight showed 40.69% and 62.07% writhing inhibition respectively in mice whereas diclofenac-Na produced 75.17% writhing inhibition as a positive control.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2018

Tenofovir nanoparticles are novel therapeutic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reaching the virus in their sanctuary sites. However, there has been no systemic toxicity testing of this formulation despite global concerns on the safety of nano drugs. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxicity of Tenofovir nanoparticle (NTDF) on the liver and kidney using an animal model. Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats maintained at the animal house of the biomedical resources unit of the University of KwaZulu-Natal were weighed and divided into three groups. Control animals (A) were administered with normal saline (NS). The therapeutic doses of Tenofovir (TDF) and nanoparticles of Tenofovir (NTDF) were administered to group B and C and observed for signs of stress for four weeks after which animals were weighed and sacrificed. Liver and kidney were removed and fixed in formal saline, processed and stained using H/E, PAS and MT stains for light microscopy. Serum was obtained for renal function test (RFT) and liver function test (LFT). Cellular measurements and capturing were done using ImageJ and Leica software 2.0. Data were analysed using graph pad 6, p values < 0.05 were significant. We observed no signs of behavioural toxicity and no mortality during this study, however, in the kidneys, we reported mild morphological perturbations widening of Bowman's space, and vacuolations in glomerulus and tubules of TDF and NTDF animals. Also, there was a significant elevation of glycogen deposition in NTDF and TDF animals when compared with control. In the liver, there were mild histological changes with widening of sinusoidal spaces, vacuolations in hepatocytes and elevation of glycogen deposition in TDF and NTDF administered animals. In addition to this, there were no significant differences in stereological measurements and cell count, LFT, RFT, weight changes and organo-somatic index between treatment groups and control. In conclusion, NTDF and TDF in therapeutic doses can lead to mild hepatic and renal histological damage. Further studies are needed to understand the precise genetic mechanism.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 2016

Increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of HIV. This study investigated the effects of adjuvant use of coconut oil and HAART on testicular morphology and seminal parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 153~169 g were distributed into four groups (A-D) and treated as follows: A served as control (distilled water); B (HAART cocktail-Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine); C (HAART + Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg) and D (Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg). After 56 days of treatment, animals were killed and laparotomy to exercise the epididymis for seminal fluid analyses done whilst testicular tissues were processed for histo-morphometric studies. Result showed a significant decline in sperm motility (P < 0.05) and count (P < 0.0001) in HAART-treated animals while there was insignificant changes in other parameters in groups C and D except count that was reduced (P < 0.0001) when compared with controls. Histomorphological studies showed HAART caused disorders in seminiferous tubular architecture with significant (P < 0.01) decline in epithelial height closely mirrored by extensive reticulin framework and positive PAS cells. Adjuvant Virgin coconut oil + HAART resulted in significant decrease in seminiferous tubular diameter (P < 0.05), but other morphometric and histological parameters were similar to control or Virgin coconut oil alone (which showed normal histoarchitecture levels). While derangements in testicular and seminal fluid parameters occurred following HAART, adjuvant treatment with Virgin coconut oil restored the distortions emanating thereof.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2008

A total of 33 extracts representing 26 plant species belonging to 24 families were collected from different regions of Bangladesh, and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against several pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using the conventional disc diffusion method. The most potent activity was exhibited by the extracts of Aegiceras corniculatum, Alocasia fornicata, Ceriops decandra, Cuscuta reflexa, Lasia spinosa, Lantana camara, Pandanus foetidus and Xylocarpus granatum. The extracts of Abtilon indicum, Derris trifoliata, Dendrophthoe falcat, Ruellia tuberosa and X. moluccensis did not show any antibacterial properties at test concentrations.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-58
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• 2017

The third pillar of the Basel II highlights the role of market discipline in easing the existing pressure on traditional monitoring measures like capital requirement and government supervision. This study test the effectiveness of market discipline in inducing prudential risk management practices among the East Asian banks over the 1995 to 2005 period. Market discipline is measured using information disclosure and interbank deposit holdings. We find that only the latter is an effective market discipline tool. However, the former becomes effective when market concentration is higher. We find that government owned, foreign owned and recapilatised banks are subject to market disciplining when disclosure in taken account but the opposite is true when interbank deposits is taken into account. Finally, we find that banks that disclose more risk related information hold more capital against their non-performing loan. The implications of the findings are discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of socio-demographic variables, family emotional environment and maternal discipline style on school children's emotional regulation. Subjects of this study consisted 953 elementary school students drawn from 4 elementary schools in Cheong-ju city and Cheongwon-gun. Data were analyzed by the methods frequency, percentage, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression using SPSSWIN 12.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: First, girls used greater problem-focused coping than boys did. Children in sixth grade used more problem-focused coping regulation compared to those in fourth grade. When children perceived higher level of family communication, emotional support, participation of family rituals, family worries, and parental conflict, they were more likely to use problem-focused coping. Additionally, both maternal supportive discipline and behavioral controlling discipline styles increased children's problem-focused coping. Second, girls presented greater emotional venting than boys did. Children in sixth grade expressed higher level of emotional venting compared to those in fourth grade. While family communication, family worries, and parental conflict increased children's emotional venting, family emotional support and participation of family rituals decreased it. Only mothers' psychological controlling discipline positively predicted children's emotional venting. Third, girls presented higher level of children's aggressive expression than boys did. The lower level of family support increased children's aggressive expression. Higher level of family worries and parental conflict increased it as well. Also, children's aggressive expression was positively predicted by mothers' psychological controlling discipline. Fourth, girls presented greater avoidance than boys did. Children in sixth grade expressed higher level of emotional avoidance compared to those in fourth grade. In family emotional environment, while family support lowered children's emotional avoidance, family worries and parental conflict increased it. Moreover, mothers' psychological and behavioral controlling discipline styles positively explained children's emotional avoidance. In conclusion, family emotional environment was the strongest factor to predict school children's emotional regulation among other variables.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.204-206
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• 2008

The ethanolic extract of Jasminum sambac leaves were tested for its cytotoxicity and possible antinociceptive activity in experimental animals. The extract showed potent cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality assay and the LC50 was found only 25 mg/ml. The extract significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice (56.83%, P < 0.001 and 43.17%, P < 0.001 for 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively). The results supported its traditional uses.