• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.251-266
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• 2013

With elementary school students who have learned the primary concepts of the four arithmetic operations as its subjects, this study has investigated in depth how schema and transformed schema are composed by recognition of the correct concepts and connection of concepts, that is to say, what schema learners form along with transformed schema with the primary concepts of the four arithmetic operations to understand the secondary concepts when power and mixed calculations are taken into contents. It has also investigated how the subjects use the schema they have formed for themselves and the transformed schema to approach problem solving, and how their composition of concepts and schema in problem solving ability achieve transformations. As a result, we can tell that the recognition of precise primary concepts and transformed schema work as important factors in the development from the primary to the secondary concepts. Here, we can also see learn that the formation of the schema created due to the connection among the primary concepts and the recognition of them and of the transformed schema play more important roles in the development toward the secondary concepts and the solution of arithmetic problems than any other factors.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2004

XML is the new universal format for structured documents and data on the World Wide Web. As the Web becomes a major means of disseminating and sharing information and as the amount of XML data increases substantially, there are increased needs to manage and design such XML document in a novel yet efficient way. Moreover a demand of XML Schema(W3C XML Schema Spec.) that verifies XML document becomes increasing recently. However, XML Schema has a weak point for design because of its complication despite of various data and abundant expressiveness. Thus, it is difficult to design a complex document reflecting the usability, global and local facility and ability of expansion. This paper shows a simple way of modeling for XML document using a fundamental means for database design, the Entity-Relationship model. The design from the Entity-Relationship model to XML Schema can not be directly on account of discordance between the two models. So we present some algorithms to generate XML Schema from the Entity-Relationship model. The algorithms produce XML Schema codes using a hierarchical view representation. An important objective of this modeling is to preserve XML Schema's object-oriented concepts such as reusability, global and local ability. In addition to, implementation procedure and evaluation of the proposed design method are described.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2003

Web service implementations are now rapidly growing. Web services are easily achieved by XML messaging for most programming languages. Applications usually utilize web services through APIs tied to a specific implementation of SOAP. nML is a dialect of SML and OCaml made in ROPAS. The soaptype type in nML is defined for the value of SOAP encoding. SOAP encoding specification defines rules for serialization of a graph of typed objects using XML Schema. XML Schema validates XML SOAP value. The soaptype type is encoded to XML and decoded from XML. It is necessary to guarantee safe encoding and decoding. So, the definitions for element and type definition in XML Schema are specified by element type and typeinfo type, which include the part of the definitions of XML Schema specification.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2003

A mediator-wrapper system, which is one of integration methods of heterogeneous databases, preserves a virtual integrated view rather than physical movement of the contents of each database. In order for a mediator to preserve a virtual integrated view, it requires the schema manager of the wrapper which communicates with local databases. This paper presents a schema manager of a wrapper that provides a mediator with XML schema which is generated from relational database schema. The XML schema manager supports a user-defined XML view. We present the view tree model which is used for materializing the use-defined XML view to generate XML schema, and the conversion algorithm based on the proposed view tree model. This model is can be uniformly applied to all schema managers of heterogeneous information sources.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.563-573
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• 2006

Cyber-infrastructures for scientific and engineering applications require integrating heterogeneous legacy data in different formats and from various domains. Such data integration raises challenging issues: (1) Support for multiple independently-managed schemas, (2) Ease of schema evolution, and (3) Simple schema mappings. In order to address these issues, we propose a novel approach to semantic integration of scientific data which uses XML schemas and RDF-based schema mappings. In this approach, XML schema al-lows scientists to manage data models intuitively and to use commodity XML DBMS tools. A simple RDF-based ontological representation scheme is used for only structural relations among independently-managed XML schemas from different institutes or domains We present the design and implementation of a prototype system developed for the national cyber-environments for civil engi-neering research activities in Korea (similar to the NEES project in USA) which is called KOCEDgrid (http://www.koced.net).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.1 s.45
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

As the information of the internet increased, importance of sematic web for collecting and integration of these informations to support decision making of some group or ordinary people are growing as well. Basis structure that composes semantic web is ontology and languages like XML, RDF/RDF schema and OWL are basis means that compose ontology schema. When composes and manages Ontology schema, one of the important consideration point is that schema is changed as times go by. Therefore, change of domain of schema, change of data concept or change of relation between resource etc. are reflected in the ontology system. In this study, we suggest semantic web schema management skill in terms of version management. We categorized version change forms and created version graph for checking of version transition. With created version graph, we define transitivity rule and propose schema tag for detail application which enables extending of applicable version schema.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-43
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• 2014

On the subjects of elementary 3rd grade three child prodigies who had learned the four fundamental arithmetic operations and primary concepts of fraction, this study conducted a qualitative case research to examine how they composed schema of addition and multiplication of fractions and transformed schema through recognition of precise concepts and linking of concepts with addition and multiplication of fractions as the contents. That is to say, this study investigates what schema and transformed schema child prodigies form through composition of primary mathematic concepts to succeed in relational understanding of addition and multiplication of fractions, how they use their own formed schema and transformed schema for themselves to approach solutions to problems with addition and multiplication of fractions, and how the subjects' concept formation and schema in their problem solving competence proceed to carry out transformations. As a result, we can tell that precise recognition of primary concepts, schema, and transformed schema work as crucial factors when addition of fractions is associated with multiplication of fractions, and then that the schema and transformed schema that result from the connection among primary mathematic concepts and the precise recognition of the primary concepts play more important roles than any other factors in creative problem solving with respect to addition and multiplication of fractions.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.1
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• pp.269-310
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• 2003

AS Extensible Markup Language(XML) is emerging as the data format of the Internet era, there are increasing needs to efficiently transform between database and XML documents. In this paper, we propose a schema transformation method from relational database to XML database. To transform the schema, we represent input schema as Entity-Relationship diagram. Entity-Relationship model translator scans the input Entity-Relationship diagram using BFS (breadth First Search) and translates the diagram into hierarchical structure model. The XML Schema generator produces XML Scema code using the transformed hierarchical structure model. The proposed method has a merit that having reusability facility of XML Schema property in comparison with existing researches.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-30
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• 1994

The objective of this paper is to give a brief review of relational design methodology, and show how a relational schema can be converted into an object-relational schema. We first introduce relational terminology and describe the relational design process along with its limitations. Next we show how the relational model can be extended to overcome these limitations : these extensions form the core of an object-relational data model ; we use the UniSQL/X data model as an example. We illustrate the process or converting a relational schema into an object-relational schema, and show the benefits of this conversion with respect to queries. The conversion process is then summarized as a set of guidelines. Finally, we make our conclusions.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.55-74
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• 2003

Due to the evolution of computer systems and the proliferation of Internet, numerous information resources have been constructed. The deluge of information makes the need to integrate information, which are distributed on the internet and are handled in heterogeneous systems. Recently, most of the XML -based information integration systems use XML DTD(Document Type Definition) for describing integrated global schema. However, DTD has some limitations in modeling local information resources such as datatypes. Although W3C's XML Schema is more flexible and powerful than XML DTD in specifying integrated global schema, it has more complex problems in resolving conflicts than using DTD. In this paper, we provide a taxonomy of conflict problems in integration information resources using XML Schema, and propose conflict resolution mechanism using XQuery.