• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2021

This study collected and analyzed case studies related with the use of spatial information in North Korea to prioritize construction and required supporting processes in order to propose a short-term and long-term road map for the establishment of spatial information in North Korea. Recent research cases related to the prioritization of spatial information development were analyzed, and priority for the construction of infrastructure was derived based on the interconnectedness and relationship of national infrastructure. Due to the inaccessibility and remoteness of North Korea, all of the five studies determined priorities according to questionnaires and consulting of refugees and knowledgeable figures by expert groups. In summary, priority was given to unarmed and transborder areas, major cities, special zones, and development zones, while in terms of facilities, priority was given to power communication, railroads, water and sewage architectural buildings, roads, and dams. In the case of prioritizing the establishment of national infrastructure for the unified Korean Peninsula, the development of major areas, ports, and the related city-level spots to develop a line that promotes the sharing of routes such as transportation networks, water, and energy, thus leading to a scenario involving the development of cotton at an urban and national level.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2021

With the recent advancements of deep learning, companies such as smart home, healthcare, and intelligent transportation systems are utilizing its functionality to provide high-quality services for vehicle detection, emergency situation detection, and controlling energy consumption. To provide reliable services in such sensitive systems, deep learning models are required to have high accuracy. In order to develop a deep learning model for analyzing previously mentioned services, developers should utilize the state of the art deep learning models that have already been verified for higher accuracy. The developers can verify the accuracy of the referenced model by validating the model on the dataset. For this validation, the developer needs structural information to document and apply deep learning models, including metadata such as learning dataset, network architecture, and development environments. In this paper, we propose a description language that represents the network architecture of the deep learning model along with its metadata that are necessary to develop a deep learning model. Through the proposed description language, developers can easily verify the accuracy of the referenced deep learning model. Our experiments demonstrate the application scenario of a deep learning description document that focuses on the license plate recognition for the detection of illegally parked vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

The PR (Photo Resist) process in the semiconductor process is a process that uses a mixture of flammable substances. Due to the process equipment is installed in a clean room and when flammable substances leak, there is a high risk of suffocation, fire, and explosion. It is necessary to analyze the impact of accidents that may occur during operation and to evaluate whether the safety of workers can be guaranteed. In this study, the value of radiant heat and temperature change at the monitor point set up virtual inside the clean room was confirmed through CFD simulation of 10 leak and fire scenarios using the FLACS CFD - Fire Module. A fire that occurs inside a clean room transfers high radiant heat to the inter-story structure, but its scope is quite limited, and it is unlikely that it will collapse in a single fire accident. There was no scenario in which two stairs leading to the exit were exposed to high radiant heat at the same time due to a fire accident, therefore workers were able to escape in case of a fire. In addition, it was confirmed that the level of radiant heat and temperature rise rapidly decreased as they moved downstairs. According to the API 520 standard, workers exposed to 6.31 kW/m² of radiant heat that workers can withstand for 30 seconds were confirmed that it was possible to sufficiently escape from the inside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Local management trade ports are small-sized trade ports, which require active operation to strengthen the local cities' economic power and enhance the local industries' added value. In addition, local management trade ports should berth ships larger than the existing ships to increase efficiency and keep up with the international trend where ships are becoming larger. Furthermore, they should also prepare operating standards. This study selected Okgye Port among local management trade ports. We performed a mooring safety simulation evaluation according to the scenario where a 50,000 DWT vessel is moored at the current 20,000 DWT class pier. The emergency departure criteria were 27kts at 3.2s of wave period and 22kts at 5.0s of wave period at the existing pier. Results showed that mooring limit condition increased by about 50% to 41kts at 3.2s of wave period and 36kts at 5.0s of wave period. This study can be used for strengthening mooring facilities and setting operational standards for safe port operation when large ships are berthing.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.421-435
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• 2022

As natural disasters have been increasing due to climate change, sustainable solutions are in need to alleviate the degree of drought hazard, assess and project the drought influence based on future climate change scenarios. In assessing drought risk, socio-economic factors of the region must be considered along with meteorological factors. This study categorized drought hazard, exposure, and vulnerability as three major components of drought risk according to the Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) risk assessment framework, and selected indices for each component to quantify the drought risk in South Korea according to the mid-size basins. Combinations of climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway; RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5) and socio-economic scenarios (Shared Socio-economic Pathways; SSP 1, SSP2 and SSP3) for the near future (2030-2050) ant the far future (2080-2099) were utilized in drought risk analysis, and results were compared with the historical data (1986-2005). In general, the drought risks for all scenarios shows large increases as time proceeds to the far furture. In addition, we analyzed the rank of drought hazard, exposure, vulnerability for drought risk, and each of their contribution. The results showed that the drought hazard is the most contributing component to the increase of drought risk in future and each basin shows varying contributing components. Finally, we suggested countermeasures for each basin according to future climate change scenarios, and thus this study provides made the basis for establishing drought management measures.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.469-479
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• 2021

As a material for preventing spalling of concrete, the effectiveness of PP fiber has already been confirmed. However, it is necessary to consider the maximum temperature that occurs during a fire, and to solve the mixing problem and the strength reduction problem that occur depending on the mixing amount. In this study, the fire resistance performance of tunnel segment linings according to the PP fiber content and air volume under the RABT fire scenario was investigated. As a result, no spalling or cross-sectional loss occurred in all test specimens, and when the PP fiber content was small, the maximum temperature was relatively high and the maximum temperature arrival time was also fast. On the other hand, no trend was found for the maximum temperature and arrival time according to the difference in air volume. In the internal temperature distribution results for the PP fiber mixing amount of 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg/m³, the results of 0.75 and 1.0 kg/m³ showed similar temperature distribution, and the results of 1.5 and 2.0 kg/m³ were similar. It was confirmed that the internal temperature distribution tends to decrease at the same depth when the amount of PP fiber mixed is large, and it was confirmed that a remarkable difference occurred from the results of 1.0 kg/m³ and 1.5 kg/m³ of PP fiber mixed amounts.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.161-184
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program for firefighters (FD-CPR) to help improve the survival rate after cardiac arrest on the fireground. Methods: The FD-CPR was developed following 3 steps of the FD-CPR instructional design based on the behaviorism theory. The content of the program was validated by a group of 7 experts using the contents validity index (CVI) and through a pilot-test. Results: A scenario consisting of 7 procedures, and a skill performance evaluation tool consisting of 16 questions were developed. The evaluation tool average score for the difficulty test was 41.16% (even) and that for the discrimination test was 0.32 (high). Subsequently, an 80 min training program was developed. As verified by the 7 experts through the CVI, it was as high as 1.0. Conclusion: The FD-CPR developed domestically for the first time in this study was effective in enhancing the CPR performance skills of the firefighters. If FD-CPR is added to the curriculum at the Fire Service Academy educational course for the new firefighters, the CPR performance skills could be maintained. Furthermore, the program can facilitate a better survival rate for colleagues having cardiac arrest on the field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.51-64
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• 2022

Along with the urbanization, the risk of urban flooding due to climate change is increasing. Flood regulation, one of the ecosystem services, is implemented in the different level of function of flood risk mitigation by the type of ecosystem such as forests, arable land, wetlands etc. Land use changes due to development pressures have become an important factor in increasing the vulnerability by flash flood. This study has conducted evaluating the urban flood regulation service using InVEST UFRM(Urban Flood Risk Model). As a result of the simulation, the potential water retention by ecosystem type in the event of a flash flood according to RCP 4.5(10 year frequency) scenario was 1,569,611 tons in urbanized/dried areas, 907,706 tons in agricultural areas, 1,496,105 tons in forested areas, 831,705 tons in grasslands, 1,021,742 tons in wetlands, and 206,709 tons in bare areas, the water bodies was estimated to be 38,087 tons. In the case of more severe 100-year rainfall, 1,808,376 tons in urbanized/dried areas, 1,172,505 tons in agricultural areas, 2,076,019 tons in forests, 1,021,742 tons in grasslands, 47,603 tons in wetlands, 238,363 tons in bare lands, and 52,985 tons in water bodies. The potential economic damage from flood runoff(100 years frequency) is 122,512,524 thousand won in residential areas, 512,382,410 thousand won in commercial areas, 50,414,646 thousand won in industrial areas, 2,927,508 thousand won in Infrastructure(road), 8,907 thousand won in agriculture, Total of assuming a runoff of 50 mm(100 year frequency) was estimated at 688,245,997 thousand won. In a conclusion. these results provided an overview of ecosystem functions and services in terms of flood control, and indirectly demonstrated the possibility of using the model as a tool for policy decision-making. Nevertheless, in future research, related issues such as application of models according to various spatial scales, verification of difference in result values due to differences in spatial resolution, improvement of CN(Curved Number) suitable for the research site conditions based on actual data, and development of flood damage factors suitable for domestic condition for the calculation of economic loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.314-323
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• 2022

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) operators perform traffic management tasks using VTS systems and sensor equipment designated as VTS facilities to promote the safety and efficiency of vessel traffic. The necessary VTS information for effective operations could be obtained through the additional access of various information channels other than the designated VTS facility. To unify these various information access windows, the development of the VTS cloud system is in progress. In this study, the operational information analysis for VTS was performed through VTS tasks-facility linkage analysis to identify the user required information according to the introduction of the VTS cloud system. The VTS task analysis was performed through research of the international and domestic literature, and expert interviews. The necessary information were identified and linked according to the VTS facilities. As a result of the analysis, 37 categories of necessary information were identified for internal and external information windows, and 8 information windows were selected other than the present VTS equipment. The identified user requirements would be applied to the structure design of the VTS cloud system. In the future, it is necessary to update user requirements through scenario-based user operation analysis and to conduct additional research on the system interface design.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.555-562
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• 2022

This study measured and analyzed the propagation characteristics at frequencies 6, 10, and 17 GHz to discover the new propagation demands in a semi-basement indoor corridor environment for meeting the 4th industrial revolution requirements. The measured indoor environment is a straight corridor consisting of three lecture rooms and glass windows on the outside. The measurement scenario development and measurement system were constructed to match this environment. The transmitting antenna was fixed, and the frequency domain and time domain propagation characteristics were measured and analyzed in the line-of-sight environment based on the distance of the receiving antenna location. In the frequency domain, reliability was determined by the parameters of the floating intercept (FI) path loss model and an R-squared value of 0.5 or more. In the time domain, the root mean square (RMS) delay spread and the cumulative probability of K-factor were used to determine that 6 GHz had high propagation power and 17 GHz had low propagation power. These research results will be effective in providing ultra-connection and ultra-delay artificial intelligence services for WIFI 6, 5G, and future systems in a semi-basement indoor corridor environment.