• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제105권4호
• /
• pp.422-428
• /
• 2016

은행나무는 이식성이 좋고 열악한 환경에서도 잘 자라기 때문에 도심 가로수나 조경수로 매우 적합한 수종이다. 은행나무는 암수딴그루 식물로 수나무와 암나무의 생식기관(수꽃과 암꽃)의 비교를 통하여 성을 식별할 수 있으나, 꽃이 달리기까지 약 20년 이상이 필요하다. 가로수용 은행나무는 주로 꽃이 생성되기 이전에 식재되기 때문에 암나무와 수나무 구분 없이 가로수로 식재되어왔다. 가로수로 식재된 암나무에서 열리는 은행나무 열매는 악취를 발산하고 거리 오염을 야기하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유시에 수나무를 선별하기 위하여 기존에 보고된 수나무 특이 RAPD 변이체의 염기서열을 기반으로 수나무에서만 675 bp의 PCR 산물을 증폭하는 SCAR 마커(SCAR-GBM)를 개발하였다. SCAR-GBM 마커의 우성 마커 특성에 기인한 위음성(false-negative)문제를 해결하고 식별 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 SCAR-GBM 마커와 mtDNA의 atp1 영역을 증폭하는 범용 프라이머를 동시에 적용하는 multiplex PCR을 이용하였다. 그 결과 암나무와 수나무에서 공히 atp1 영역에 해당하는 1,039 bp의 PCR 산물이 증폭되었으며, 수나무에서만 특이적으로 SCAR-GBM 마커가 증폭되었다. 전국 8개 지역에서 채취된 암나무와 수나무 각 80개체에 대한 분석을 통하여 SCAR-GBM 마커와 multiplex PCR 방법의 재현성이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.174-182
• /
• 1982

On the right lower lobe, scar carcinoma was presented in the Korean male, 56 years old, in February, 1982. His tumor is moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma. Scar carcinoma, a rare form of adenocarcinoma, is usually discovered on autopsy and rarely on surgical resected specimen and these tumors are found in areas of lung scarring. Most of the tumors are adenocarcinoma and found in the upper lobes and related to infarcts, tuberculous scars. No relationship between smoking and scar cancers were reported. The scar cancers are becoming more common. An apparent increase in scar cancer in the periphery of the lung was reported in America. Scar cancer does not present special clinical symptoms and signs, except manifestations of surrounded tissue compressed by large tumors in far advanced stage. These tumors progress slowly and metastasize late but characteristic signs on scar area of the lung can be discovered from the early stage on X-ray examination [solitary peripheral nodule and scar]. So careful study on chest x-ray film was acquired and if necessary, conservative resection of the lesion is indicated because the long term prognosis is not at all bad.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.300-308
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The goal of reduction mammaplasty is breast with natural cone shape, minimizing scars, well-placed and sensate nipple-areolar area and maintaining breast physiology. In order to satisfy that goal, variable reduction mammaplasty methods are performed, however, two methods such as vertical reduction method and inverted T-scar method are currently most used. We compared indications and advantages of the two methods and set up useful guidlines. Methods: For 15 years from 1995 to 2010, we experienced 84 patients (162 breasts). We performed vertical reduction method as Lejour's superior pedicle technique (45 patients) and inverted T-scar method as Goldwyn's inferior dermal flap technique (39 patients). We evaluated the result of the operation comparing patient's age, amount of resected tissue, complications and post-operative scars of the two methods. Results: The mean age was 36 years and the vertical reduction group was 3 years younger than inverted T-scar group. The mean breast tissue resection amount per one breast, inverted T-scar group (712 gm) was lagger than vertical reduction group (395 gm). Conclusion: There is no ideal method for reduction mammaplasty until now. However, we suggest that guide line, the vertical reduction method is effective for minimal and moderate macromastia in young and middle aged women and inverted T-scar method is appropriate for severe macromastia with ptosis in elderly women. Recently, all procedures tried shorter and smaller scar on the vertical line as small I, J or L shape scar, and inframammary fold as short inverted T-scar.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제108권3호
• /
• pp.302-310
• /
• 2019

정확하고 신속한 품종식별은 효율적인 육종과 육종가의 권리 보호를 위하여 필수적이다. 대추나무 품종을 구분하는 전통적인 방법은 형태적 특성을 근거로 하지만, 시기적 제약과 환경의 영향으로 형태적 형질만을 이용하여 구별하기에는 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 ISSR 분석으로 얻어진 단편을 복제하여 안정적인 식별을 위한 SCAR 표지를 개발하였다. 대리조와 보은대추 품종에서 특이성을 보이는 ISSR 밴드를 대상으로 정제, 복제, 염기서열 분석을 수행함으로써 827Dalizao550, 827Boeun750, 846Boeun700, 847Dalizao850로 명명된 4개의 클론을 확인하였다. 대추나무 품종 특이성 분석을 위한 4쌍의 SCAR 프라이머를 제작하였으며, 대추나무와 묏대추나무를 포함하는 32개체에 대하여 PCR 분석을 수행하였다. 827Dalizao550 SCAR 표지의 PCR 결과 6개체(대리조, 산동이조, 동조, 원령 신 2호, 묏대추나무 2, 묏대추나무 4)에서 550 bp의 특이적인 밴드가 증폭되었고, 나머지 개체에서는 예기치 않은 밴드(490 bp)가 증폭되었다. 또한 847Dalizao850 SCAR 표지의 PCR 결과 대리조, 산동이조, 동조에서 850 bp의 밴드가 나타났고 예기치 않은 900 bp의 밴드가 5개체(파조, 묏대추나무 1, 묏대추나무 2, 묏대추나무 3, 묏대추나무 4)에서 증폭되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 새롭게 개발된 표지들은 대추나무 품종식별을 위한 빠르고 신뢰성 있는 수단으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 보다 다양한 품종들의 식별을 위해서는 다형성 정보의 추가와 SCAR 표지의 개발이 필요하다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2021

Objectives : Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis are one of the most frequently adulterated herbal medicines because of their confusability of terms in the ancient writings and the similarity of morphological features of dried herbal products. The major adulterant is Aristolochia manshuriensis (Guanmutong) which has a serious safety concern with its toxicity. To ensure the safety and quality of the two herbal medicines, it is necessary to discriminate the toxic adulterant from authentic species. The aim of this study is to develop SCAR markers and to establish the multiplex-SCAR assay for discrimination of four plant species related to Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis. Methods : ITS regions of fifteen samples of four species (Tetrapanax papyrifer, Fatsia japonica, Aristolochia manshuriensis, and Akebia quinata) collected from different sites were amplified and sequenced. Fifteen obtained ITS sequences were aligned and analysed for the detection of species-specific sequence variations. The SCAR markers were designed based on the sequence alignments and then, multiplex-SCAR assay enhancing rapidity was optimized. Results : ITS sequences clearly distinguished the four species at the species level. The developed SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay were successfully discriminated four species and detected the adulteration of commercial product samples by comparison of the amplified DNA fragment sizes. Conclusions : These SCAR markers and multiplex-SCAR assay are a rapid, simple, and reliable method to identify the authentic Tetrapanacis Medulla and Akebiae Caulis from adulterants. These genetic tools will be useful to ensure the safety and to standardize the quality of the two herbal medicines.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.337-339
• /
• 2017

We present the case of a patient with severe postoperative scarring from surgical treatment for gastroschisis, with the intestine located immediately under the dermal scar. Although many patients are unsatisfied with the results of scar repair treatment, few reports exist regarding severe or difficult cases involving the surgical repair of postoperative scar contracture. We achieved an excellent result via simulation involving graph paper drawings that were generated using computed tomography images as a reference, followed by dermal scar deepithelialization. The strategy described here may be useful for other cases of severe postoperative scar contracture after primary surgery for gastroschisis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.729-734
• /
• 2015

Background Insufficient satisfaction outcome literature exists to assist consultations for scar revision surgery; such outcomes should reflect the patient's perspective. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate scar revision patient satisfaction outcomes, according to specified patient-selection criteria. Methods Patients (250) were randomly selected for telephone contacting regarding scar revisions undertaken between 2007-2011. Visual analogue scores were obtained for scars pre- and post-revision surgery. Surgery selection criteria were; 'presence' of sufficient time for scar maturation prior to revision, technical issues during or wound complications from the initial procedure that contributed to poor scarring, and 'absence' of site-specific or patient factors that negatively influence outcomes. Patient demographics, scar pathogenesis (elective vs. trauma), underlying issue (functional/symptomatic vs. cosmetic) and revision surgery details were also collected with the added use of a real-time, hospital database. Results Telephone contacting was achieved for 211 patients (214 scar revisions). Satisfaction outcomes were '2% worse, 16% no change, and 82% better'; a distribution maintained between body sites and despite whether surgery was functional/symptomatic vs. cosmetic. Better outcomes were reported by patients who sustained traumatic scars vs. those who sustained scars by elective procedures (91.80% vs. 77.78%, P=0.016) and by females vs. males (85.52% vs. 75.36%, P<0.05), particularly in the elective group where males (36.17%) were more likely to report no change or worse outcomes versus females (16.04%) (P<0.01). Conclusions Successful scar revision outcomes may be achieved using careful patient selection. This study provides useful information for referring general practitioners, and patient-surgeon consultations, when planning scar revision.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2006

Nipple reconstruction is an important step in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The authors' preferred reconstructive technique is the local C-V flap in case that a small opposite nipple is not adequate for composite graft. This flap produces an excellent reconstruction, but it is not easy to produce an adequate projection and firmness of the nipple. This article describes the technique and experience in nine patients treated over two years with dermis(scar tissue) graft for nipple reconstruction. This is the first report of application of autologous dermis(scar tissue) grafting to reconstruct a nipple primarily after breast mound reconstruction, decreasing the absorption of the reconstructed nipple and increasing the hardness. The dermis(scar tissue) is taken from scar revision and/or dog-ear correction in the second stage operation after free TRAM flap breast reconstruction. And the dermis(scar tissue) graft is inserted vertically between the local flaps and horizontally under the reconstructed nipple base. Between September 2002 and February 2005, nine patients underwent C-V flap with dermis(scar tissue) graft as a part of their nipple reconstruction. The patient's ages ranged from 28 to 55 years old (mean, 41.1 years old). The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 35 months, with an average of 14.5 months. None of the nipples showed skin flap necrosis or local infection, and uneventful wound healing. Our result showed good nipple projection with less absorption and enough firmness. Our experiences shows that dermis(scar tissue) grafts in C-V flap is a very useful method for nipple reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2010

Purpose: There is no clear evidence of the original cause of hypertrophic scar, and the effective method of treatment is not yet established. Recently the steps of searching in gene and molecular level are proceeding. we are trying to recognize the difference between keratinocytes of hypertrophic scar and normal skin. Then we do support the comprehension of the scar formation mechanism and scar management. Methods: Total RNAs were extracted from cultured keratinocytes from 4 hypertrophic scars and normal skins. The cDNA chips were prepared. A total of 3063 cDNAs from human cDNA library were arrayed. And the scanning data were analyzed. Results: On microarray, heat shock protein, pyruvate kinase, tumor rejection antigen were more than 2 fold intensity genes. Among them, heat shock 70 kd protein showed the strongest intensity difference. Conclusion: In this study, it can be concluded that heat shock proteins play an important role in the process of wound healing and scar formation. This study provides basic biologic information for scar research. The new way of the prevention and treatment of scar formation would be introduced with further investigations.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2022

Objectives : In the Korean Pharmacopoeia 12th edition (KP 12) and the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (KHP), two authentic herbal medicines are described, namely Bang-gi (Cheong-pung-deung) and Mok-bang-gi, respectively. In China, Bun-bang-gi is also used as herbal medicine. This study was conducted to develop a molecular authentication tool for distinguishing the three herbal medicine used as Bang-gi, which are Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma (Rhizome of Sinomenium acutum), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Root of Stephania terandra), and Cocculi Radix (Root of Cocculus trilobus). Methods : Twelve samples of three species (four samples of S. acutum, five samples of S. tetrandra, and three samples of C. trilobus) were collected from different habitats. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were obtained and comparatively analyzed to design the species-specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers. The specificity of each pair of SCAR primers that amplified species-specific amplicon was evaluated for establishing the singleplex and multiplex PCR assay tools. Results : The singleplex SCAR markers show discriminability in C. acutum, S. tetrandra, and C. trilobus. These SCAR markers were also efficiently authenticated three species in the multiplex SCAR amplification using single PCR reaction. Furthermore, these PCR assay methods were applicable to authenticate dried herbal medicines distributed in the markets. Conclusions : The SCAR markers and PCR assay tools help discriminate the three herbal medicines used as Bang-gi at the species levels and provide a reliable genetic method to prevent the inauthentic distribution of these herbal medicines.