• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.518-524
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• 2004

V(z)곡선법을 이용한 코발트기 초내열합금강의 열화도 평가 유용성 유무를 고주파 초음파 탐촉자를 이용하여 실험적으로 검증하였다. 코발트기 초내열 합금이 고온에서 장시간 노출되었을 때 일어나는 미세조직의 변화를 모사하기 위해서 인공열화를 실시하였다. 여로하에 미치는 초음파 음속의 영향을 고찰하고자 10 MHz를 이용하여 펄스-에코법으로 종파의 음속을 측정하고 200 MHz를 사용하여 V(z)곡선법으로 누설탄성표면파의 음속을 측정하였다. 두 초음파의 음속은 열화시간에 따라서 감소하였다 더욱이, 저주파수 종파의 음속변화는 거의 없었지만, 고주파수 누설탄성표면파의 음속변화는 열화시간에 따라서 최대 4.7%의 변화를 나타내었다. 열화에 따른 경도의 변화와 누설탄성표면파의 음속 변화는 양호한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 열화도 평가에 고주파 탐촉자를 이용한 초음파 현미경의 V(z)곡선법이 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.479-482
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• 2004

The behavior of fatigue delamination in a GLARE(Glass Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates) under fatigue loading conditions investigated. The behavior of fatigue delamination was examined basing on investigation of the crack and delamination using a SAM (Scanning Acoustic Microscope). The crack and delamination behavior on the relationship among a-N, SAM images and crack length-delamination length were considered. The test results indicated the features of different fatigue delamination and crack growth according to each fiber orientation angle and also obtained to more increase delamination than crack through the relationship between crack length and delamination length in GLARE.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2002

An arc-shaped line array slit has been used for the laser generation of focused Lamb waves. The spatially expanded Nd:YAG pulse laser was illuminated through the arc-shaped line array slit on the surface of a sample plate to generate the Lamb waves of the same pattern as the slit. Then the generated Lamb waves were focused at the focal point of which distance from the slit position is dependent on the curvature of slit arc. The proposed method showed better spatial resolution than the conventional linear array slit in the detection of laser machined linear defect and drill machined circular defect on aluminum plates of 2mm thickness. Using the focused waves, we could detect the linear defect and the circular defect with the improvement of spatial resolution. The method can also be combined with the scanning mechanism to get an image just like by the scanning acoustic microscope(SAM).

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.835-842
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• 2002

In this paper, static and fatigue bending strengths and failure mechanisms of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) laminates having impact damages have been evaluated. Composite laminates used for this experiment are CF/EPOXY orthotropy laminated plates, which have two-interfaces $[0^0_ 4/90^0_4]_{ sym}$. A steel ball launched by the air gun collides against CFRP laminates to generate impact damages. The damage growth during bending fatigue test is observed by the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) and also, the fracture surfaces were observed by using the SEM (scanning electron microscope). In the case of impacted-side compression, fracture is propagated from the transverse crack generated near impact point. On the other hand, fracture is developed toward the impact point from the edge of interface-B delamination in the case of impacted-side tension. Eventually, failure mechanisms have been confirmed based on the observed delamination areas and fracture surfaces.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1824-1832
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 충돌입자의 크기의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 동일한 운동에너지 를 갖는 직경 5mm 및 10mm의 강구를 시편에 충돌시킨 후 배항각 변화에 따른 손물역의 크기 변화를 초음파현미경(SAM)과 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 관찰하였고, 충돌에 따른 압축강성의 변화를 고찰하기 위하여 충격전후의 압축탄성계수를 측정하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 1994

초음파 C-scan 기법에 의해 스폿(spot)용접의 품질 평가를 위한 비파괴진단 평가에 관한 기초적인 실험적 검토를 하였다. 먼저, 스폿용접부 초음파탐상에 앞서 뉴우톤링의 모델링 실험을 통해 미소 간극을 갖는 접합계면에서의 초음파 반사 거동의 해석 결과를 근거로 스폿용접부의 너겟 형상과 크기, void 결함등의 정량적 평가와 corona bond의 정확한 식별에 최적한 초음파시험방법 및 조건의 설정을 시도하였다. 초음파시험 후 용접시험편을 절단하고, 그 절단면을 초음파현미경(SAM)과 광학현미경의 단면 관찰을 통해 스폿용접 품질 평가를 위한 초음파 비파괴평가법의 유용 가능성 유무, 적용 한계 등을 검토하였다. 그 결과 본 실험에 사용한 집속 초음파탐촉자(25MHz)에 의한 너겟 내부에 존재하는 void 크기의 검출한계는 $10{\mu}m$였으며 너겟 크기는 초음파시험의 경우가 최대 1mm정도 크게 측정되어 corona bond의 정확한 식별과 너겟 직경의 정량적 평가에 접근하기 위해서는 초음파 C-scan 데이터의 각종 화상 처리 기술의 적용에 의한 corona bond부의 명확한 식별 방법에 대한 연구 검토가 요망됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1996

This paper discusses the feasibility of Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation (UNDE) technique for sport weld quality. Ultrasonic c-scan image assisted by image processing technique was used for Nondestructive Evaluation(NDE) of spot weld quality. Ultrasonic testing results obtained were confirmed and compared by Optical Microscope and SAM(Scanning Acoustic Mircroscope) observation of the spot-weld cross section, The results show that the nugget dinameter can be successfully measured with the accuracy of 0.5mm. It was ascertained that ultrasonic c-scan technique is very effective method for the sake of the approach to the quantitative measurement of nugget diameter and the discrimination of the corona bond from nugget. Additional support for the above conclusions is provided by the results for galvanized steel. The ultrasonic results for galvanized welds generally correspond to the results for uncoated steel. Finally, it was found that the above-mentioned technique can be sufficiently applied to NDE method for securing the Quality Assurance(QA) of spot welded products in production line.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1995

In this paper, an experimental study on the effects of the impact damage and the perforation characteristic of CFRP laminates with different fiber stacking orientation and ply number was done through an observation of interrelations between the impact energy vs. transmitted energy and the impact energy vs. absorbed energy per unit volume. The velocities of the ball before or after impact are measured by the high-speed camera. And when CFRP laminates are subjected to tranverse impact by a steel ball(${\phi}10$), the delamination shapes generated by impact damage are observed by using SAM (Scanning acoustic Microscope).

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1993년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.650-655
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• 1993

Carbon/epoxy composite(CFRP) coupons previously damaged by low velocity impact were tested under static tensile loading and microscope progress of damage was characterized by ultrasonic C-scan, Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) and Acoustic Emission(AE) techniques which were based on the application of elastic waves. The degress of impact damage has been correlated with the AE activity during monotonic or loading/unloading tensile testing as well as the result of ultrasonic test. The coupons were subjected to impact velocities ranged from 0.71 to 2.17 m/sec, which introduced the amount of damage rated as 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% with reference to the total absorbed energy at fracture. Special attention was paid to determine optimal AE parameters to characterize the microscopic fracture process and to predict the residual strength of composite laminates. AE RMS voltage during the early stage of tensile loading was found an effective parameter to quantify the degree of impact damage. It was also found that the Felicity ratio is closely related to the stacking sequence and the residual strength of the CFRP laminates.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.2752-2761
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to confirm the decreasing problems of residual bending strength, and the fracture machanism experimentally when CFRP composite laminates are subjected to Foreign Object Damage. Composite laminates used for this experiment are CFRP orthotropy laminated plates, which have two-interfaces [O/sub 6//sup o//90/sub 6//sup o/]sub sym/ and four-interfaces [O/sub 3//sup o//90/sub 6//sup o//O/sub 3//sup o]/sub sym/. When the specimen is subjected to transverse impact by a steel ball, the delamination area generated by impact damage is observed by using SAM(Scanning Acoustic Microscope). also, Thefracture surfaces obtained by three-point bending test were observed by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). Then, fracture mechanism was investigated based on the observed delamination area and fracture surface. The results were summarized as follows; (1) It is found that for the specimen with more interface, the critical delamination energy is increased while delamination-development energy is decreased. (2) Residual bending strength of specimen A is greater than that of Specimen B within the impact range of impact energy 1. 65J (impacted-side compression) and 1. 45J (impacted-side tension). On the other hand, when the impact energy is beyond the above ranges, residual bending strength of specimen A is smaller than that of specimen B. (3) In specimen A and B, residual strength of CFRP plates subjected to impact damage is lower in the impacted-side compression than in the impacted-side tension. (4) In the case of impacted-side compression, fracture is propagated from the transverse crack generat-ed near impact point. On the other hand, fracture is developed toward the impact point from the edge of interface-B delamination in the case of impacted-side tension.