• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.763-774
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• 2003

This study was conducted to design long and short forms of reliable and valid Likert-type scales to measure environmental attitudes of Korean junior high school students. 8 tests were applied to the construction of a 32-item long form and 8-item short form of the scale. Two scales were field tested on 469 respondents consisting of male and female students in urban and rural areas and students participating in environmental programs. The 32-item scale was revealed to be highly reliable, content and construct valid. Reliability and homogeneity of this scale were evidenced by 0.92 coefficient alpha and positive interitem correlation values ranging from 0.10 to 0.52. Factor analysis and known-group comparison showed the sufficient validity of long form scale. Reliability and validity of short form scale were also evidenced by good results of 8 test analyses. The long and short forms were strongly correlated, ${\gamma}$-value of 0.90. Consequently, both long form and short form scales were evidenced very reliable and valid in measuring environmental attitudes of junior high school students in Korea. They can be useful for a variety of survey conditions and constraints and testing environmental attitude.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality type and oral hygiene controllability. Methods: Four hundred eighty-two college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) and a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed by SAS 9.2 program. Results: Compared to extroverted subjects, a significantly increased percentage of introverted subjects demonstrated oral malodor and stress (p<0.05). Tongue coating and stress seemed to occur the most frequently in intuition-feeling (NF) type, while oral malodor seemed to occur the most frequently in sensation-feeling (SF) type among four fuctional types. Tongue coating and stress seemed to occur the most frequently in NF type, while oral malodor seemed to occur the most frequently in sensation-perceiving (SP) type among four temperaments. Significantly increased mean scales of tongue scraping index and oral hygiene controllability index were found for extroverts (p<0.05). Mean scales of tooth brushing index and oral hygiene controllability index appeared to be the highest in NF type among four fuctional types. Mean scales of tongue scraping index and oral hygiene controllability index appeared to be the highest in sensation-judging (SJ) type among four temperaments. Conclusions: Oral hygiene controllability was associated with personality type and it is necessary to develop oral health education program considering personality type.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

This paper investigated Korean prosody as it relates to graded internal structure in an identification function. Within Korean prosody, variants regarded as dialectal variations can appear as different prosodic scales, which contain the range of within-category variations. The current experiment was intended to show how the prosodic scale corresponding to the range of within-category differences relates to f0 contours for speakers of two Korean dialects, North Kyungsang and South Cholla. In an identification task, participants responded by selecting an item from two answer choices. The probability of choosing the correct response from the two choices was computed by a logistic regression analysis using intercepts and slopes. That is, the correct response between two choices was used to show a linear line with an s-shape presentation. In this paper, to investigate the graded internal structure of labeling, 25%, 50%, and 75% of predicted probability were assessed. Listeners from North Kyungsang showed progressive variations, whereas listeners from South Cholla revealed random patterns in the internal structure of the identification function. In this paper, the results were plotted using scatterplot graphs, applying the range of within-category variation and predicted probability obtained from the logistic regression analyses. The scatterplot graphs showed the different degree of the responses for f0 scales (i.e., variations within categories). The results demonstrate that the gradient structures of native pitch accent users become more progressive in response to f0 scales.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2013

Electron magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) turbulence provides a fluid-like description of small-scale magnetized plasmas. Most EMHD turbulence studies consider "balanced" EMHD turbulence. However, imbalanced EMHD turbulence has never been studied. In this study, we numerically study "imbalanced" EMHD turbulence. Imbalanced turbulence means that wave packets moving in one direction have high amplitudes or strong perturbations than the others. In driven imbalanced EMHD turbulence, non-zero magnetic helicity is injected. When magnetic helicity is injected at a scale, we expect to have inverse cascade of magnetic helicity, as well as magnetic energy, in three-dimensional (3D) EMHD turbulence. For no helicity injection, we do not observe inverse energy cascade. However, when magnetic helicity is injected, inverse cascade of magnetic helicity is clearly observed. Magnetic energy also shows inverse cascade. In EMHD turbulence, it is well known that magnetic energy on scales smaller than the energy injection scale is forward-cascading quantity and the magnetic energy spectrum follows a k^{-7/3} one. On the other hand, the inverse-cascading entity on scales larger than the energy injection scale is uncertain. If the magnetic helicity is inverse-cascading quantity, we will obtain a k^{-5/3} magnetic energy spectrum. In our simulations, we do observe energy spectrum consistant with k^{-5/3} on large scales. Therefore, we confirm that magnetic helicity indeed is the inverse-cascading entity in 3D EMHD turbulence.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.274-277
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• 2004

Production of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model foreign protein using different culture scales under co-expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) in the industrial Escherichia coli strain W3110 (a K12 derivative), was examined. It was found that the VHb co-expressing W3110, exhibited an exceptional and sustained production ability during cell cultures using different scales, while the VHb non-expressing strain showed variable production levels. This high and sustained production ability indicates that the VHb co-expressing E. coli W3110, could be successfully employed for practical large-scale production cultures without the need for serious consideration of scale-up problems.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.776-780
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• 1994

Fuzzy reasoning was applied to sensory evaluation of cooked rice. A sensory attribute diagnostics was done in terms of tour kinds of attributes-texture, taste, odor and appearance which determine overall palatability. First, rating for the contribution level of each attribute to the overall palatability was asked as one of five scales-very important, important, moderate, slight and very slight. Secondly, the preference level of each attribute for a cooked rice sample was asked as one of five hedonic scales-excellent, good, fair, poor and very poor. Thirdly, the results of the scales were converted into fuzzy values and operated by fuzzy reasoning. Finally, the contribution and preference levels of the attributes were composed to infer the overall palatability of cooked rice sample.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.219-228
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• 1982

This study aimed at assessing the industrial workers' mental health status and identifing the relationship between mental health status and socio-demographic variables. We administered psychiatric self report rating scale (SCL-90)to 622 manual workers and 191 office workers in a textile .industry. The study began on 1 November, 1981 and lasted for 30 days The results were as follow: 1. Scores of symptom dimension were higher in female rather than male, younger than older, lower income group than higher one, lower educated group than higher one, manual workers than office workers and unmarried group than married one respectively. 2. The result of dimension scores of total samples showed that the score of Obsessive-compulsive scale was highest. The rest symptom dimension showed the order as follows: Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Hostility, Anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Somatization, Psychoticism and Phobic anxiety. 3. In order to identify the partial contribution of each socio-demographic variables on the mental health, multiple regression method was applied, and the result was as follows. 1) Sex was the most important one to explain the Somatization, Phobic-anxiety and Psychoticism scales among the 7 variables in the multiple regression equation. 2) Economic status was the most important variable to explein the Obsessive-compulsive, Depression and Hostility scales. 3) Marital status was the most important variable to explain the Interpersonal-sensitivity and Paranoid ideation scales.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2010

Fouling by inorganic scales needs to be prevented to effectively operate sea water reverse osmosis(SWRO) membrane systems. The extents of inorganic scaling with different array designs including one-pass, two-pass and several hybrid designs were evaluated using seawater from southern sea near the city of Chang-Won. The used methods for evaluation were Stiff and Davis Index(S&DSI) calculation and several laboratory experiments. The formation potential of inorganic scale fouling was quite great under the examined conditions, which was confirmed by the laboratory experimental results. The inorganic scale was not avoidable fouling if any anti-scaling measures were not applied. The RO showed decreased flux under the scale formation conditions. The increases in S&DSI from 1.43 to 5 made small decreases in flux, which indicated that formation of inorganic scales had more substantial effects on RO flux than amount of inorganic scales.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2017

A new method to decompose the footprints of marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery into characteristic spatial scales is proposed. Using two-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) we obtain three Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), which mainly present longitudinal rolls, three-dimensional cells and atmospheric gravity waves (AGW). The rolls and cells have spatial scales between 3.0 km and 3.8 km and between 5.3 km and 7.1 km, respectively. Based on previous observations and mixed-layer similarity theory, we estimated MABL's depths that vary from 0.95 km to 1.2 km over the rolls and from 3.0 km to 3.8 km over the cells. The AGW has maximum spectrum at 14.3 km wavelength. The method developed in this work can be used to decompose other satellite imageries into individual features through characteristic spatial scales.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.515-530
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• 2016

In this paper, five different quantitative parameters were proposed for the characterization of the primary roughness which is the component of surface morphology that prevails during large strike-slip faults of more than 50 m. These parameters are mostly the anisotropic properties of rock surface morphology at various scales: (i) coefficient ($k_a$) and degree (${\delta}_a$) of apparent structural anisotropy of surface; (ii) coefficient ($k_r$) and degree (${\delta}_r$) of real structural anisotropy of surface; (iii) surface anisotropy function P(${\varphi}$); and (iv) degree of surface waviness ($W_s$). The coefficient and degree of apparent structural anisotropy allow qualifying the anisotropy/isotropy of a discontinuity according to a classification into four classes: anisotropic, moderately anisotropic/isotropic and isotropic. The coefficient and degree of real structural anisotropy of surface captures directly the actual surface anisotropy using geostatistical method. The anisotropy function predicts directional geometric properties of a surface of discontinuity from measurements in two orthogonal directions. These predicted data may subsequently be used to highlight the anisotropy/isotropy of the surface (radar plot). The degree of surface waviness allows qualifying the undulation of anisotropic surfaces. The proposed quantitative parameters allows their application at both lab and field scales.