• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2018

Objective : This study evaluated the role of smartphone application in the self-assessment of three psychiatric symptoms: stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. Methods : A total of 5,646 respondents were evaluated with three scales (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS, Center for Epidemiologic Study for Depression, CES-D, Scale for Suicidal Ideation, SSI) via smartphone application 'mindscan'. We analyzed the sociodemographic variables, the levels of three symptoms, and the association between the scores on all three scales. Results : The mean total scores of PSS, CES-D, and SSI were 24.86, 35.15, and 18.03, respectively. Women showed significantly higher scores on PSS, CES-D, and SSI when compared with men. Younger users showed a significantly higher score on all three scales when compared with older users. The scores on all three scales were higher than in other studies with off-line surveys. The PSS was positively correlated with CES-D (r=0.690), and with SSI (r=0.367). The CES-D was positively correlated with SSI (r=0.540). Conclusions : A smartphone application for mental health based on three scales (PSS, CES-D, and SSI) is a relatively useful screening tool compared with off-line general population surveys. The association between the three scales reflects the relationship between the three psychiatric symptoms observed in clinical practice.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.148-155
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• 2018

Background and Purpose: Two conversion scales between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have been validated for Korean patients with Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present study was to validate these conversion scales for all patients with cognitive impairments regardless of dementia subtype. Methods: Medical records of 323 subjects who completed both MMSE and MoCA on the same day were retrospectively reviewed. Mean, median, and root mean squared error (RMSE) of the difference between true and equivalent MMSE scores were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between true and equivalent MMSE scores were also calculated. The validity of MoCA-MMSE conversion scales was evaluated according to educational level (low educated: ${\leq}6$ years; high educated: ${\geq}7$ years) and subtypes of cognitive impairment. Results: The difference between true and equivalent MMSE scores had a median value of 0, a mean value of 0.19 according to the van Steenoven scale, a mean value of 0.57 according to the Lawton scale, RMSE value of 2.2 according to the van Steenoven scale, and RMSE value of 0.42 according to the Lawton scale. Additionally, ICCs between true and equivalent MMSE scores were 0.92 and 0.90 on van Steenovan and Lawton conversion scales, respectively. These results were maintained in subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Findings of the present study suggest that both van Steenovan and Lawton MoCA-MMSE conversion scales are applicable to transforming MoCA scores into MMSE scores in patients with cognitive impairments regardless of dementia subtype or educational level.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.178-185
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• 2018

Purpose: We aim to assess the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), Adaptive Behavior (AB) and Social-Emotional (SE) scales at 18 to 24 months of corrected age (CA) to examine their associations with school-age cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children born preterm. Methods: Eighty-eight infants born with a very low birth weight (<1,500 g) or a gestational age of less than 32 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from 2008 to 2009 were included. Of the 88 children who completed school-age tests at 6 to 8 years of age, 37 were assessed using the Bayley-III, including the AB and SE scales, at 18 to 24 months of CA. Correlation, cross-tabulation, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to assess the longitudinal associations. Results: A significant association was observed between communication scores on the Bayley-III AB scale at 18 to 24 months of CA and the Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (K-WISC) full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at school age (r=0.531). The total behavior problem scores of the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) at school age were significantly negatively related to the Bayley-III SE and AB scales but not to the cognitive, language, or motor scales. Conclusion: Our findings encourage AB and SE assessments during the toddler stage and have important implications for the early identification of children in need of intervention and the establishment of guidelines for follow-up with high-risk infants.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to find out whether the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scales are useful in distinguishing social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and major depressive disorder. Methods : The study sample included 118 patients: 33 with social anxiety disorder, 53 with major depressive disorder, and 32 with panic disorder. Participants were classified according to the diagnosis indicated on their medical records. MMPI-2-RF scores were derived from MMPI-2 protocols. Results : The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the elevated scales were consistent with the diagnostic and clinical characteristics of each diafnostic group. Logistic regression analyses identified several scales that were useful in differentiating the diagnostic groups. The higher Cognitive Complaints (COG) scale significantly differentiated major depressive disorder from the other groups. The higher Self-Doubt (SFD) scale and Somatic Complaints (RC1) scale were useful in differentiating social anxiety disorder and panic disorder respectively. The lower Cynicism (RC3) scale was also useful in differentiating social anxiety disorder. Other scales that were useful in distinguishing between pairs of groups were also identified. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that the MMPI-2-RF scales can be useful for discriminating anxiety disorders.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the Short Form Berg Balance Scale (SF-BBS) and the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) among chronic stroke survivors, focusing on their reliability for consistent measurements over time. Design: A cross-sectional study design Methods: Thirty chronic stroke survivors participated in this study, undergoing evaluations with SF-BBS and SF-PASS scales at two different points, separated by a seven-day interval. The analysis focused on test-retest reliability, employing statistical measures such as the Intra-Class Coefficient (ICC_2,1), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and MDC%, the Bland-Altman plot to assess the limits of agreement and the extent of random measurement error. Results: The study found notable test-retest reproducibility for both SF-BBS and SF-PASS, with ICC values demonstrating strong reliability (0.932 to 0.941, with a confidence interval of 0.889 to 0.973). SEM values for SF-BBS and SF-PASS were reported as 1.34 and 0.61, respectively, indicating low measurement error. MDC values of 3.71 for SF-BBS and 1.69 for SF-PASS suggest that the scales have an acceptable level of sensitivity to change, with reliability metrics falling below 20% of the maximum possible score. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both SF-BBS and SF-PASS exhibit high intra-class correlation coefficients, indicating strong test-retest reliability. The SEM and MDC values further support the scales' reproducibility and reliability as tools for evaluating mobility and dynamic balance in chronic stroke survivors. Therefore, these scales are recommended for clinical use in this population, providing reliable measures for assessing progress in rehabilitation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical utility of the internalization and externalization higher-order scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF), compared with those scales of the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Methods : 43 adolescents with internalizing disorders and 44 adolescents with externalizing disorders and their parents were administered the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL each. To verify the difference between the internalization and externalization scales of the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL for each group, independent-sample t test was performed. To compare the agreement between the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL, correlation analysis was also conducted. Lastly, to identify which scales significantly best predict each of the internalizing and externalizing disorder, logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results : Internalization scales of the MMPI-A-RF and K-CBCL were significantly higher in the internalizing disorder group, and the externalization scales were significantly higher in the externalizing disorder group. The positive correlation was significant only for internalization problems between the two evaluation measures in both groups (each r=0.360, p<0.05, r=0.572, p<0.05). In addition, the scales significantly predicted internalizing and externalizing disorders were the internalization and externalization scales of the MMPI-A-RF, followed by the externalization scale of the K-CBCL (R²=0.407, p<0.05). Conclusions : The internalization and externalization higher-order scales of the MMPI-A-RF were found to reliably reflect the characteristics of each disorder in adolescents and be useful evaluative scales to differentiate disorders. Moreover, if adolescents show externalization problems, additional information from the K-CBCL can be more useful to differentiate disorders.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2017

Body scales directly exposed to external environments can be an important factor to understand various characteristics of a species such as habitat features, life history and basic ecology. In this study, we compared size and morphology of dorsal, outermost dorsal, keeled dorsal and ventral scales of total nine snake species in Korea; Oocatochus rufodorsatus, Elaphe dione, Rhabdophis tigrinus, Amphiesma vibakari, Dinodon rufozonatum, Hierophis spinalis in the Colubridae and Gloydius ussuriensis, G. brevicaudus, G. saxatilis in the Viperidae. The morphological characteristics of the scales seem to well reflect foraging modes and moving activity of both families. Uniquely D. rufozonatum had a diamond shape dorsal scale and had the greatest and smallest value of the ratio of width/length of dorsal and ventral scales, respectively. O. rufodorsatus, D. rufozonatum and H. spinalis did not have keeled dorsal scales and E. dione had keel on the few of dorsal scales. In addition, morphological characteristics of scales of three viper species were closely consistent with previously known phylogenetic relationships.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.295-303
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• 2016

The purposes of this study are to describe the process for the instrument construction and the development of scales on rating college students' adaptability and to analyze the technical qualities of the test. The primary goal of this study is to inform students and institutions what is needed to college student's adjustment process into university and college life. The scales are tested by specialty group and statistical methods, and finally composed of 142 items, which measures 8 scales, the academic integration, the social integration into college, career identity, emotional stability, learning condition's stability, relationship with professors, satisfaction degree of educational service, satisfaction degree of college education. This study analyzed 1,959 students' responses from 4 colleges and universities. This study confirms that the scales which this study developed show high concurrent evidence with the college student's adaptability inventory for Korean university and college students based on various development process, specially rapid great change of college. The result of factor analysis shows the evidence based on internal structures of the scales. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the subscales is .965, from 742 to .937. The prediction model to determine the possibility of dropout by 7 scales is statistically significant in .05, except learning condition's stability. According to CFA Model, RMSEA= .08~.09. dependence factor variance are explained by this study's CFA model. In conclusion, this study confirms that the scales which this study developed are valid and reliable instrument for Korean university and college students to predict their adaptability to college.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8101-8105
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• 2016

Background: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Bahasa Malaysia (BM) version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Colorectal Cancer-specific Quality Of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-CR29). Materials and Methods: We studied 93 patients recruited from University Malaya and Universiti Kebangsaan Medical Centers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia using a self-administered method. Tools included QLQ-C30, QLQ-CR29 and Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS). Statistical analyses included Cronbach's alpha, test-retest correlations, multi-traits scaling and known-groups comparisons. A p vaue ${\leq}0.05$ was considered significant. Results: The internal consistency coefficients for body image, urinary frequency, blood and mucus and stool frequency scales were acceptable (Cronbach's alpha ${\alpha}{\geq}0.65$). However, the coefficients were low for the blood and mucus and stool frequency scales in patients with a stoma bag (${\alpha}=0.46$). Test-retest correlation coefficients were moderate to high (range: r = 0.51 to 1.00) for most of the scales except anxiety, urinary frequency, buttock pain, hair loss, stoma care related problems, and dyspareunia (r ${\leq}0.49$). Convergent and discriminant validities were achieved in all scales. Patients with a stoma reported significantly higher symptoms of blood and mucus in the stool, flatulence, faecal incontinence, sore skin, and embarrassment due to the frequent need to change the stoma bag (p < 0.05) compared to patients without stoma. None of the scales distinguished between patients based on the KPS scores. There were no overlaps between scales in the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 (r < 0.40). Conclusions: the BM version of the QLQ-CR29 indicated acceptable psychometric properties in most of the scales similar to original validation study. This questionnaire could be used to complement the QLQ-C30 in assessing HRQOL among BM speaking population with colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 1997

A Study was conducted to examine the nature and extent of psychological differences among diagnostic subgroups of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) patients and to whether psychological distress acts as a precipitator for TMD or is only an incidental consequence of the discomfort and frustrations presented by the disorder. Ninty six TMD patients and ninty seven non-TMD dental patients were included for the study as an experimental group and control group. TMD patients were classified into subgroups according to their primary pain sites and labeled as: 1) Myogenous TMD group; 2) Arthrogenous TMD group; 3) Mixed TMD group. After Hilkimo indices were rated from patient history and clinical examination, levels of psychological distress were measured using SRRS (Social Readjustment Rating Scale) and MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). Outcomes from Helkimo indices, SRRS, and MMPI were assessed in terms of diagnostic subgroups and pain chronicity. The relationship between SRRS and MMPI scores were also assessed. The results were as follows : 1. The TMD patients showed higher frequencies of AiII, DiII, and DiIII of Helkimo indices than those in the control subjects. 2. The chronic TMD patients showed lower frequencies of DiII and DiIII of Helkimo indices than those in the acute group. 3. The arthrogenous TMD group showed higher frequencies of DiII and DiIII of Helkimo indices than those in the myogenous TMD group. 4. The TMD patients showed higher SRRS mean score than that in the non-TMD patients. 5. The SRRS mean score was highest in the myogenous TMD group and lowest in the arthrogenous TMD group. 6. The chronic TMD patients showed higher SRRS mean score than the acute TMD group. 7. The TMD patients showed higher MMPI mean scores on the Hs, D, Hy, and Pt scales than those in the non-TMD patients. 8. The MMPI mean scores on th Hs, D, and Hy scales were higher than of other MMPI scales in the TMD patients as well as in the myogenous and the mixed TMD group and they showed 1-3-2(Hs, -Hy, -D.) profile pattern, conversion "V". 9. The MMPI mean scores on the Hs and Hy scales were higher in all subgroups of TMD patients than non-TMD patients. 10. Although there were no significant differences in the MMPI mean scores on all the scales between the acute and the chronic groups of all TMD patients, the chronic myogenous TMD group showed higher MMPI mean scores on the Hs, Hy, Pa, and Pt scales than the acute myogenous TMD group. 11. There were positive correlationships between SRRS score and each MMPI scores on the Hs and Hy scales.Hy scales.