• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2010

In the perspective of the correspondence of heaven and man[天人相應], people live through Gi of heaven and earth[天地之氣], and the human body which is a small universe[小宇宙] itself receives influence while sympathizing with the Gi and heaven[天氣]. So with unexpected incident of the Eum and Yang, four season[陰陽四時], ups and downs of warmth of cold and chilliness of warm[寒熱溫涼] differs, and the position of Gi of human[人氣] changes, regimen and application of acupuncture, and images[象] of the pulse changes. In "Maekyojeongmiron(脈要精微論)", ups and downs of Eum and Yang changes by four season[四時], and correspondence of ups and downs of pulse law is explained with compass, carpenter's square, the beam of balance and the weight of balance[規矩權衡]. Compass[規] is a measure of instrument that can draw a circle, like regulating the measure and differing the center of the circle and diameter and drawing a circle, compass is a image of Gi of Yang[陽氣] that was staying deep inside the body in winter stretching out by big fault[太過不及] of year and energy[元氣] of human in spring. Carpenter's square[矩] is a instrument that draws direction, which is a image of Gi of Yang flourishing in summer and when it gets highly flourished, again the Gi of Eum[陰氣] comes alive and falls. The beam of balance[衡] is a scale, like a scale that tilts at once when one side is slightly heavy, the beam of balance is a image Gi of yang that is fully flourished in summer and about to descent again, which is just about to fall but not going down yet. The weight of balance [權] is a image of gi of yang which as descent to the bottom and staying in the deepest place. compass, carpenter's square, the beam of balance and the weight of balance is not a direct pulse image[脈象], but standard image of pulse of pulse corresponding to the Gi of human[人氣] that changes by four season, and the explanation includes the pulse image of four season like the taut, full, floating, deeply gather[弦鉤浮營] of "Okgijinjangron(玉機眞藏論)" or taut, full, skip, float, deep [弦鉤代毛石] of "Pyeong-ingisangron(平人氣象論)". So with compass, carpenter's square, the beam of balance and the weight of balance, can judge is human correspond in Eum and Yang, four seasons, this is importantly used in examination of pulse[診脈] with existence and nonexistence, and prognosis of illness.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.560-570
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• 2000

This study is aimed at developing a cardiac rehabilitation program and enlightening the effects of the program on patient's health behavior compliance, cardiovascular functional capacity, and quality of life. Using a quasi-experimental approach the nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest design was accepted for this study. The subjects of this study consisted of 55 patients with ischemic heart disease at the Cardiac Center of 'G' Hospital located in Inchon from May 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999. The patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which participated in the cardiac program with 30 patients and 25 patients of a control group were not involved in the program. There were two phases in the cardiac rehabilitation program: the first phase was a team approach education. It focused on reducing the risk of ischemic heart problems. The second phase was individual training by using a home based exercise program, which was comprised of 8 weeks, three sessions per week, 40-60 minutes per session, and followed by consultation. Every session involved 20-40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 40-60% of heart rate reserve, 11∼13 RPE and 10 minutes of warm-up and 10 minutes of cool-down exercises. The experimental tools for the study were the health behavior compliance scale developed by Lee, Yoon-hee (1992), and quality of life scale developed by McGirr et al.(1990). RPPsubmax were measured by the treadmill. The collected data was processed by SPSS and analyzed by χ²test and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The health behavior compliance in experimental group was significantly increased (t=5.091, p=.000) when compared to the control group. 2. RPPsubmax also decreased significantly in the experimental group when compared to the control group(t=-2.109, p=.040). 3. The quality of life significantly improved in the experimental group (t=3.853, p=.000) as compared to the control group. As the above results of this study revealed, the effectiveness of the cardiac rehabilitation program of the study was confirmed. It increased the health behavior compliance for reducing the risk of further coronary events, enhanced the cardiovascular functional capacity, and eventually improved the patient's quality of life.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

Background: Auricular acupressure is one of the traditional health care treatments in oriental medicine. Approximately, 30~40% of the cancer patients have said to be suffering from insomnia and half of them having chronic and severe insomnia at the same time. Insomnia caused cancer patients feel more pain, fatigue, depression and anxiety and it sometimes let the power to have the best of cancer pull down. Objective: To investigate how effective the auricular acupressure treatment to cancer patients suffering from insomnia. Methods: We recruited participants from East-West Cancer Center of Daejeon University. Finally, of the people whose age range from 20 to 75, 12 patients who got less than 40 points from the score of Oh's sleeping score (OSS) were recruited. Single-blind, randomized pilot study was performed. The treatment group received auricular acupressure treatment (AAT) on active points and the control group had received sham acupressure treatment (SAT) for five times. Sleep parameters were checked by using OSS and numeric rating scale (NRS). We checked the scale everytime, both before and after treatment. We analyzed the data statistically by using independent T-test, paired T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. (p<0.05) Results: Twelve cancer patients participated in this pilot study and there was no significant difference between control and treatment group. Only 7 of them had completed the whole treatment process, 4 patients of AAT group and 3 participants of SAT. The OSS of AAT group had increased from $34.0{\pm}4.3$ to $39.5{\pm}3.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $38.3{\pm}3.5$ to $40.0{\pm}0.0$. There was no significant difference between them. The NRS of AAT group had increased from $6.3{\pm}2.9$, $04.8{\pm}2.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $7.0{\pm}1.0$ to $5.0{\pm}2.6$. No significant difference was observed between them. Conclusion: Although both groups did not show significant differences, most of the experimental participants showed increasing OSS and NRS after treatments. Significant participants' number will be needed in the next study.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2009

이산화탄소 지중저장을 위한 pilot 시험 부지선정을 목적으로, 그 후보지 중 하나인 경상북도 의성 지역에서 2차원 및 3차원 자기지전류(MT) 탐사를 수행하였다. MT 탐사의 목적은 주입된 이산화탄소의 누출통로로 작용할 수 있는 심부 파쇄대를 사전에 탐지하고자 하는 데에 있다. 탐사지역에 분포한 전자기적 잡음원의 영향에 의해 1 Hz 이상의 자료만을 이용하여 2차원 및 3차원 역산을 수행한 결과, $N55\sim65^{\circ}W$ 방향으로 약 1.6 km 심도까지 발달한 파쇄대가 저비저항 이상으로 뚜렷이 나타났으며 이는 백악기 주향이동 단층인 가음단층과 금천단층과 연관이 있는 것으로 해석되었다. 반면 연구지역의 동쪽에는 비록 천부에 소규모 파쇄대가 존재하나 약 2 km 심도까지는 전반적으로 균질한 층을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 시험시추 및 시추공을 이용한 정밀 탐사가 이루어져야 할 것이며, 대상지의 암석인 일직층의 공극률이 평균 1.47%로 매우 낮으므로 수압파쇄를 통한 인위적인 저류 공간의 생성이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.538-548
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• 1995

Exercises are achievement oriented, the process is frequently perceived as hard and difficult Participants drop out from exercise programs in the middle of the training period. Dance movement, which is the deliberate and systematic use of movement, is enjoyable during the movement and provides opportunities for persons to express them-selves. Regular long term dance movement may in-duce a training effect with a decreased drop out rate. Dance movement could be one way to attain wellness, however, there have been few studies to evaluate both physiological and psychological aspects of dance movement. This study focused on evaluating the effects of dance movement training on body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, limb circumference and strength, stress response and subjective feelings. This quasi-experimental study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pre test -post test study. Ten healthy fe-male subjects, aged between 19 and 31 years volunteered for an eight week dance movement program. Ten healthy female subjects, between 19 and 21 years of age paticipated as controls. None of the subjects had performed regular physical activity for six months prior to the study. Dance movement was created with reference to Heber's movement guide. The Dance movement program consisted of approximately 30 minutes of dance, three days per week, for eight weeks. During each 30 minute work out, there were approximately 5 minutes of warm-up dancing, 20 minutes of conditioning dance and 5 minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was at between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. Body weight, resting blood pressure and heart rate, circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf, muscle strength of upper and lower limb, physical and psychological response to stress were measured prior to, and following the experimental treatment. Body weight was measured by digital weight scale(Kyung In Corp., Korea). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by sphygmomanometer, Resting heart rate was measured for one minute in a relaxed sitting position using the radial artery. Circumference of mid upper arm, mid thigh and mid calf was determined by tape measure. Muscle strength of the upper extremities was measured by a grip dynamometer (Takei Corp. No.1857, Japan) and that of the extremities was measured by the length of time the leg could be held at 45° Physical and psychological responses to stress were measured using the Symptoms of Stress (SOS)Scale. Paticipants in the dance movement were interviewed by the facilitator following the eight weeks, and their thematic responses about the dance movement were recorded. Following the eight week dance movement train-ing, body weight decreased significantly, circumference of mid thigh and mid calf increased. The length of time leg - raising could be held tended to increase following the dance movement training. Resting systolic and resting heart rate showed a tendency to decrease. Total mean score of stress response tended to de-crease, and mean score of habitual patterns, do-pression, anxiety / fear, anger and cognitive disorganization decreased remarkably following the eight week dance movement. Thematic responses about the dance movement were positive following the training.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.362-362
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• 2010

Today, vast attention has been paid to periodic arrays of nanostructures due to their potential for applications such as memory with huge storage density. Such application requires large-scale fabrication of well ordered nano-sized structures. One of the most widely used methods for the ordered nanostructures is lithography. This top-down process, however, has the limit to reduce size. Here the promising alternative is the self-organization of ordered nano-sized structures such as large scale 2d carbon-induced reconstructions on W(110). In the present study, we report on the first well-resolved atomic resolution STM studies of the well-known R($15{\times}3$) and R($15{\times}12$) carbon induced reconstruction of the W(110). From the atomic image of R($15{\times}3$) for different values of tunneling gap resistance, we can tell there are no missing atoms in unit cells of R($15{\times}3$) and some atomic displacements are substantial from the clean W(110), even though not all the imaged position of atoms correspond to tungsten, but may include those of carbon. We are considering two cases; First case is related to lattice deformation, or top layer of W(110) is deformed in the process of relief of strain caused by random inserting of carbon atoms possibly in the interstitial position. In the second case, R($15{\times}3$) unit cell results from a coincidence lattice between clean W(110) substrate and tungsten carbide overlayer which has rectangular atomic arrangement and giving R($15{\times}3$) coincidence lattice. beta-W2C showing rectangular unit cell should be a candidate. Further, we report on new reconstructions. Unlike the well-known R($15{\times}12$) consisting of two parts, two inner structures between two "Backbone" structures. The new reconstruction, which we found for the first time, contains more parts between the "Backbone"s. Sometimes we can observe the reconstruction consists of only inner parts without "Backbone" parts. Thus, the observed reconstruction can be built by constructing of two types of "Lego"-like block. Moreover, the rectangle shape of "Backbone" transform to parallelogram-like shape over time, the so-called wavy-R($15{\times}12$). Adsorption of hydrogen can be the reason for this transformation.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 비점오염저감장치를 이용하여 밭 시험포장에서의 저감효과를 평가하기 위하여, 경남 사천시 용현면에 시험포장을 설치하고 포장실험을 수행하였다. 시험포장은 6개의 시험구와 3개의 침사구로 구성되어 있으며, 각 시험구의 크기는 가로 5 m, 세로 22 m의 크기로 각 시험구의 말단에는 유출량을 측정하기 위한 수위계를 설치하였고, 포장에서의 강우량을 측정하기 위해 강우계를 설치하였다. 인공강우 실험을 통해 유출수의 시간변화에 따른 수질을 측정한 결과 초기 유출시 SS, TOC, T-N, T-P, COD, NTU의 농도는 각각 15.00, 1.54, 5.27, 0.07, 4.72, 0.45 mg/L로 나타났으며, 4시간 후의 농도는 각각 1.00, 0.94, 4.06, 0.01, 0.60, 0.33 mg/L로 측정되었다. 대부분의 수질측정값이 초기 유출시 높고 시간이 흐름에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 인공강우에 의한 유출실험 결과, 침사구에서의 부유물질은 시간이 흐름에 따라 눈으로 식별 가능할 정도로 줄었으나 각 수질측정값은 불규칙한 경향을 보였으며, 이는 샘플링 시료에 포함되는 부유물질의 양이 일정하지 않았기 때문으로 풀이된다. 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 밭비점오염원 저감효과를 평가하고 제어대책을 개발하게 되면 밭에서의 비점오염, 배출을 최소화시켜 수질개선에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.697-706
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• 2019

다상흐름 모델링 기법과 하이브리드 난류 모델링 기법을 결합한 수치모형을 이용하여 사각형 수로에서의 중력류를 수치모의 하였다. 이 연구에서 적용한 다상흐름 해석기법은 밀도가 큰 중력류 유체, 상대적으로 밀도가 작은 주변류 유체 그리고 자유수면 위에서 흐르는 공기를 3개의 상으로 처리하며, 각 상에 대해서 분리된 흐름 지배방정식을 적용한다. 난류흐름은 벽경계 근처에서는 RANS 모드로 모의하고 벽에서 떨어진 영역에서는 LES 모드로 해석하는 하이브리드 RANS/LES 방법의 일종인 IDDES 기법을 이용하여 해석한다. 이 연구에서 적용한 모델링 기법은 중력류의 머리의 전파속도를 실험값과 일치하게 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 수치해석 결과는 아울러 낮은 레이놀즈수 난류모형을 이용한 RANS 수치모의에서 이용되는 정도의 격자해상도에서도 큰 규모의 Kelvin-Helmholtz 형식의 경계면 와의 발달과 이들 와가 지속적으로 3차원 형식의 붕괴를 거쳐 작은 난류구조로 분해되면서 난류에너지가 소산되는 현상을 성공적으로 예측함을 보여준다. 적용한 수치모의 기법은 공학적으로 접근 가능한 격자해상도에서 돌출-쪼개짐 흐름 불안정을 동반한 중력류 머리부분의 3차원 거동 특성을 잘 재현하며, 이 결과는 보다 높은 격자해상도에서 구해진 LES 결과에 상응하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과는 하이브리드 난류모델링 기법과 다상흐름 해석기법을 병합한 수치모형이 자연상태에서 복잡한 중력류의 물리적 거동을 예측하는데 공학적으로 유망한 방법임을 보여준다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2019

고농도 과산화수소와 케로신을 추진제로 하는 액체 로켓 엔진을 이용하여 수직형 연소 실험대에 고고도 모사용 디퓨저와 기 검증된 추력 측정 장치를 장착하여 지상 및 고고도 모사 연소 실험 설비를 구축하였으며, 고도에 따른 추력 특성을 고찰하였다. 선행으로 고고도 모사용 디퓨저의 특성 및 시동압력을 검증하기 위하여 1:4.8 스케일로 축소한 디퓨저를 설계 및 제작하였다. 축소형 디퓨저는 질소 가스를 이용하여 cold flow test를 수행하여 성능 및 시동 특성을 확인하였으며, 그 결과 연소 실험용 디퓨저의 성능 안정성과 시동 특성을 확보하였다. 수직형 연소 실험대에 고고도 모사용 디퓨저와 추력 측정 장치를 장착하고, 시스템 저항에 대한 추력 보정식을 도출하였다. 추력 보정식은 실제 연소 실험 전에 수행한 추력 단계별 실험과 진공 단계별 실험을 통하여 도출하였다. 작동 고도가 10km인 노즐을 설계, 제작하여 지상 연소 실험 및 고고도 모사 연소 실험을 수행하여 작동 고도 변화에 따른 추력 특성을 분석하였다. 추력 측정 장치에서 계측한 추력값을 이용하여 실제 추력을 각각의 보정식을 이용하여 계산하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2019

소방용 비상발전기는 화재 시 인명과 재산을 보호하는 소방 시설에 전원을 공급하는 중요한 설비이다. 이러한 중요성에 따라 관련 법규에서는 의무적으로 비상발전기에 비상용 부하를 연결하여 시험하도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 실 계통에서는 비상전원계통의 부하운전 시험을 위해 상용 전원을 차단하는 경우 저압기기의 파손, 병원과 같은 중요시설의 응급부하 정지 등 심각한 문제점이 발생할 수 있어, 무부하로 비상발전기를 형식적으로 시험하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 상기의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여, 상용 전원의 차단 없이 비상발전기에 전기저장장치를 연계하여, 비상용부하의 동작특성과 동일하게 ESS가 충전동작을 수행함으로서 비상발전기의 성능 및 상태를 시험할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다. 또한, 배전계통 상용 해석 프로그램인 PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용하여, 비상발전기, 비상용부하, ESS 부하시험장치로 구성된 비상전원계통의 모델링을 제시하고, 20kW급 ESS 부하시험장치를 구현하여, 이를 바탕으로 다양한 시나리오에 따른 시뮬레이션과 시험을 수행하여 본 논문에서 제안한 ESS 부하시험 장치와 모델링의 유용성을 확인한다.