• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.378-386
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effects of red and green glasswort on the physicochemical and textural properties of reduced-salt cooked sausages. The control was formulated with 1.5% NaCl; then, three reduced-salt treatments were prepared, with 0.75% NaCl (RS), 0.75% NaCl+1.0% red glasswort (RSR) and 0.75% NaCl+1.0% green glasswort (RSG), respectively. The addition of glasswort within the added amount of 1% had no influence on the pH value of the reduced-salt cooked sausages, regardless of the glasswort type. In terms of color, RSG treatment conveyed a higher hue angle value than the RSR treatment (p<0.05). Increases in the protein solubility (total and myofibrillar proteins) and apparent viscosity of reduced-salt meat batter that were due to the addition of glasswort were observed; however, there were no differences according to the type of glasswort (p>0.05). Furthermore, the addition of glasswort, regardless of its type, resulted in decreased cooking loss, and increased emulsion stability. As a result, reduced-salt cooked sausages formulated with either red or green glasswort demonstrated similar textural properties to those of the control. In conclusion, the type of glasswort within an added amount of 1% had no influence on the physicochemical and textural properties of reduced-salt cooked sausages, except for the color characteristics. In terms of color alteration by the addition of glasswort, the red glasswort, which in comparison with the green glasswort could minimize the color changes of reduced-salt cooked sausages, might be an effective source for manufacturing meat products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.858-864
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effect of sodium lactate (SL, 60%) and a mixed fat replacer (FR) on the product quality and shelf-life effect of low-fat bologna sausage (LFBS) in a model system during refrigerated storage. Low-fat and regular-fat bologna sausages had pH values ranged from 6.15 to 6.30 and water activity values ranged from 0.95 to 0.96. LFBS had a moisture content of 74~76%, <2% fat and 14~15% protein, whereas regular-fat bologna had 60% moisture, 22% fat and approximately 12% protein in the final products. Expressible moisture (%) increased (p<0.05) in all bolognas, resulting in the soft texture, as the storage time (weeks) increased. LFBS manufactured with SL and a FR had lower (p<0.05) the cooking loss (%) and had higher (p<0.05) texture profile analysis (TPA) values than the regular-fat counterpart. As the sodium lactate level increased up to 5% in the formulation of LFBS, vacuum purge and TPA hardness values also increased (p<0.05), but thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values decreased (p<0.05). Total plate counts of LFBS were reduced (p<0.05) when the addition level of 60% SL solution was more than 3.3%. This result indicated that the increased level of SL (>3.3%) in the combination of a FR in the formulation of LFBS improved the product quality and did inhibit the total microbial growth of LFBS during storage, as compared to the control.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Consumers are interested in natural ingredient that replace synthetic antioxidants in meat products. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of astaxanthin (AX) on the oxidative stability and quality characteristics of emulsified sausages during cold storage. Emulsified sausages were prepared as follows: manufactured without AX and BHT (Control), added with 500 mg/kg of BHT (BHT), and added with 80 mg/kg of AX (AX). Addition of AX showed no significant difference in pH, emulsion stability and cooking yield of emulsified sausages (p>0.05). However, the initial color retentivity was the same as that of synthetic antioxidant such as BHT treatment, and the redness was higher when AX treatment was added (p<0.05). The lipid oxidation showed the lowest value in the BHT treatment at the end of storage and the AX treatment also was significant lower than that of control (p<0.05). Hardness was lower in the all treatments at the end of storage than in the control (p<0.05). Therefore, astaxanthin can be used as a color enhancing agent for meat products as well as an natural antioxidant in replacing of BHT which is as synthetic antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.629-635
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• 2002

This study was performed to develop low-fat comminuted sausages (LFSs, < 3%) manufactured with 1% single (Konjac flour, KF; kappa-carrageenan, k-CN and Locust bean gum, LBG) or mixed hydrocolloids and to select the best combination which had similar textural characteristics to those with regular-fat (~25% fat) control. In experiment 1, LFSs were formulated with each 1% hydrocolloid, smoked and cooked to an internal temperature of 71.7$^{\circ}C$. The pH range of LFSs was 6.29 to 6.34 and approximately 23~24% of fat was removed in the final products, resulting in the higher moisture and protein contents (%) in LFSs, as compared to regular-fat control. No differences (p>0.05) in cooking loss (CL, %), expressible moisture (EM, %), and hunter color values (L, a, b) were observed with the addition of each 1% hydrocolloid. However, LFSs containing 1% k-CN had textural hardness values similar to those with low-/regular-fat controls, whereas LFSs having either KF or LBG had similar cohesiveness values to those with regular-fat counterpart. Tn experiment 2, two or three mixed hydrocolloids were added to the low-fat sausage formulation. The addition of mixed KF+LBG (KLL) and KF+CN+LBG(KCL) reduced EM and textural hardness values, as compared to low-fat control. Among the treatments, LFSs containing two or three combinations of CN with KF or/and LBG had similar textural characteristics to those with regular-fat control. These results suggested that multiple addition of CN with other hydrocolloids (KF or LBG) for the replacement of fats in LFSs would be recommended for the proper functional and textural properties.