• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.936-949
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• 2018

Changes in microbial community and physicochemical traits of chicken summer sausage made from spent layer thigh added with different level (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% w/w) of ground chopi (Zanthoxylum piperitum) during manufacture were analyzed. The microbial community was profiled and analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq. Samples were taken from raw sausage batter, after 15 h of fermentation, 8 h of cooking including cooling down, and 7 d of drying. The final pH of the sausage was reduced by the addition of ground chopi. However, no clear effect on water activity was observed. Ground chopi inhibited the development of red curing color after fermentation as it exhibited antimicrobial effect. However, the effect on species richness and microbial composition after cooking was unclear. Ground chopi delayed lipid oxidation during manufacture and the effect was dependent on the addition level. Fermentation reduced the species richness with a dominancy of lactic acid bacteria. The profile of microbiota in the raw batter was different from other stages, while the closest relationship was observed after cooking and drying. Proteobacteria was predominant, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in raw samples. Firmicutes became dominating after fermentation and so forth, whereas other predominant phylum decreased. At genus level, unclassified Lactobacillales was the most abundant group found after fermentation and so forth. Therefore, the overall microbial composition aspects were mainly controlled during fermentation by the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, while bacterial counts and lipid oxidation were controlled by cooking and the addition of ground chopi.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.755-761
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• 1988

식염의 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.7% 그리고 3.2%의 첨가수준에 따라 발효소세지의 숙성 및 건조중 이화학적 변화 및 미생물의 변화를 조사하였으며 또한 Stahpylococcus aureus의 접종시험을 통해서 이들의 증식관계를 조사하였다. 소금의 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 pH는 완만하게 떨어졌으며 모든 처리구 공히 원료혼합육 5.8 수준에서 최종제품 4.8-4.6의 pH를 나타내었다. 조직은 소금의 첨가량이 높을수록 저작성과 경도가 높게 나타났으며 낮은 식염처리구에서는(1.7%, 2.2%)제품으로서의 조직을 갖지 못했다. 소금의 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 총 세균수와 Lactobacilli수는 낮은 수준을 보였으며 아울러 완만하게 증식하는 경향을 나타내었다. 원료혼합육 g당 $10^5$ cells수준으로 접종한 St. aureus는 소금의 첨가수준에 의하여 아무런 영향을 받지 않았으며 각 처리구 마차가지로 21일 숙성기간중 $10^4$ cells/g의 수준으로 감소하였다. 그러나 Enterobacteriaceae는 소금의 첨가량이 낮아짐에 따라 그들이 생존기간이 길었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1996

In order to study the effect of modified starch and biopolymer on the quality of smoked pork sausage, acetylated starch and biopolymer were added to the smoked pork sausage and physical characteristics, sensory qualify, and water holding capacity were Investigated. In the textural characteristics SA, SB and SC group were lower in hardness than control group. Cohesiveness was lower only on the SA group which was added by 0.6% acetylated starch. Adhesiveness was higher on the SA and SC group by addition of biopolymer. All treatment group were lower in springiness than control group. The effect of biopolymer and acetylated starch on gumminess and chewiness was evident but not constant In each group. In the mechanical characteristics such as hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness were indicated positive correlation coefficient, the other hand negative correlation in adhesiveness. The result of folding test was not changed in 20 days storage. At 30 days storage SB group contained the 0.6% acetylate starch showed the best point. The other hand the biopolymer added SA and SC group less acceptable, the biopolymer added SA and SC group, which were added by biopolymer and acetylated, indicated cap. 65% lower VBN value than control group. Sensory evaluation were not significantly difference in hardness, fracturability and adhesiveness but cohesiveness was higher in SC group. Gumminess was significantly higher in SA and SC group by biopolymer addition. Overall acceptability in sensory evaluation were significantly higher In SC group by biopolymer addition. Overall acceptability in sensory evaluation correlated significantly with fracturability, chewiness and gumminess. Chewiness of sensory evaluation and mechanical gumminess were not significantly correlated.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.477-481
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• 2001

키토산은 오징어 내장유를 이용한 oil emulsion 중에서 분자량이 높을수록 항산화 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 키토산을 다량의 지방이 포함된 축유 소시지에 첨가하여 $10^{\circ}C$ 저장하면서 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과, 키토산을 분자량별로 0.20% 첨가하고 아질산염을 150 ppm 첨가하였을 경우와 아질산염을 15 ppm 첨가하였을 경우 모두 키토산의 분자량이 높을수록 항산화 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 어떤 분자량의 키토산에 있어서도 첨가량이 증가할수록 항산화 효과는 크게 나타났다. 키토산의 전자공여능은 분자량이 크고 농도가 높아질수록 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과 키토산의 항산화 효과는 분자량이 클수록 첨가량이 많을수록 우수하며, 특히 가열 처리시에 효과가 크게 나타났다. 그러나 키토산의 항산화 효과는 단독으로 항산화제로 사용하기에는 미흡하여 소시지와 같은 지방이 포함된 식품에 있어 다른 항산화제와 더불어 키토산을 첨가하면 어느 정도 보존성 및 산화방지에 큰 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.804-812
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• 2017

This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical, microbiological, and quality characteristics of a new type of fermented sausage manufactured by incorporating Baechu-kimchi powder and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The LAB count was at the maximum level by day nine of ripening in inoculated sausages, accompanied by a rapid decrease in the pH. The addition of kimchi powder decreased the lightness ($L^*$) and increased the redness ($a^*$) and, yellowness ($b^*$) values, while also significantly increasing the hardness and chewiness of the sausage (p<0.05). Moreover, although the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values increased in all samples during the study period, this increase was lower in the kimchi-treated samples, indicating a reduction in lipid oxidation. Overall, our results show that the addition of Baechu-kimchi powder to sausages reduced the off-flavor properties and improved the taste profile of the fermented sausage in sensory evaluations. The GABA content of all fermented sausages increased from 17.42-25.14 mg/kg on the third day of fermentation to 60.95-61.47 mg/kg on the thirtieth day. These results demonstrate that Baechu-kimchi powder and GABA-producing LAB could be functional materials in fermented sausage to improve quality characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2015

The ripening durations and ingredients for the Salchichon sausages were modified to increase pork rear leg consumption by Korean consumers. The salchichon, a ripened pork sausage, was produced to evaluate the efficacy of two different ripening durations with and without rosemary powder on salchichon sausage quality, and the treatments were: i) 45 days of ripening without rosemary, ii) 60 days of ripening without rosemary, iii) 45 days of ripening with 0.05% rosemary, and iv) 60 days of ripening with 0.05% rosemary. Significant differences were observed in both moisture and fat content for ripening durations, with the highest moisture and least fat content observed in salchichon modified sausage (SMS) ripened for 45 days. Ripening duration and rosemary addition appeared to influence water activity ($a_w$) of salchichon sausages. The $a_w$ of SMS ripened for 45 days was 0.80, whereas the other had $a_w$ values <0.80. Lactic acid bacteria were predominant, as Korean traditional fermented red pepper paste was added to sausages; however, the Bacillus cereus population was significantly affected by rosemary powder addition. Chewiness and gumminess decreased significantly due to the addition of rosemary powder compared to SMS without rosemary powder, and both 45 days of ripening and rosemary powder addition influenced the hardness of SMS. In conclusion, ripening duration of SMS for 45 days in the presence of rosemary powder provided superior SMS quality with an economical ripening duration compared to that of ripening with rosemary powder or ripening for 60 days.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.901-907
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• 1998

고도불포산인 EPA나 DHA가 다량 함유되어 있으면서도 폐기되고 있는 참치 가공 부산물중의 내장지질을 효율적으로 이용하기 위해 정제한 참치 내장중의 레시틴을 각각 첨가하여 어육소시지를 가공한 다음 저장시의 품질 안정성을 조사하였다. 레시틴 첨가어육소시지를 $5^{\circ}C$에서 40일간 저장하여 texture와 관능검사 결과 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았으며 산화도 측정에서도 산패로 인한 품질변화는 나타나지 않았다. 이것은 레시틴 자체가 항산화력을 갖고 있기 때문으로 생각되며 종합적인 판단으로는 모든면에서 $2\%$ 레시틴 첨가제품 (B)이 가장 우수하다고 판단된다. 또한 성인병 예방과 치료 및 학습능력 향상에 기여하는 EPA나 DHA가 대조제품보다 2배 이상 함유되어 있어서, 참치내장유의 효율적인 이용면에서 $2\%$ 레시틴 첨가 소시지를 제조하여 섭취시 부족한 고도불포화산을 보충할 수 있는 식품소재로서의 가능성이 시사되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1992

We analysed 398 kinds of processed foods sold on market - 43 kinds of ramyun, 67 kinds of bread, 104 kinds of cookies, 5 kinds of pizza, 28 kinds of sausage, 31 kinds of steamed fish cake, 4 kinds of tomato ketchup, 30 kinds of canned goods, 82 kinds of beverage and 4 kinds of danmoogi- to know mineral content such as p, Ca, Mg, Na and K. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry for this study and the results were as follows; 1) P content was 204.24mg% in sausages, 101.80mg% in pizza, 671mg% in canned fish, 44.50mg in canned vegetable, 38.62 mg% in ramyun and 32.10mg% in steamed fish cake. Sausage had the highest P content showing almost 6 times as much as steamed fish cake. There was little difference between ramyun and steamed fish cake. 2) Ca content was 115.00 mg% in pizza, 106.94 mg% in steamed fish cake, 100.59 mg% in sausage, 91.25 mg% in canned vegetable, 79.84 mg% in bread and 78.97 mg% in ramyun, 3) Mg content was 555.16 mg% in steamed fish cake, 476.14 mg% in cookies, 436.75mg% in ketchup, 394.00mg% in canned vegetables 346.95mg% in ramyun and 341.40mg% in canned fish. Steamed fish cake was highest in Mg content and there was little difference between ramyun and canned fish. 4) Na content was 730.49mg% in ramyun, 680.25 mg% in danmoogi, 548.43 mg% sausage, 463.50mg% in canned vegetable, 449.25 mg% in ketchup, 401.29 mg% in steamed fish cake and 366.00 mg% in pizza. Ramyun had the highest Na content 5) K content was 302.30 mg% in pizza, 280.25 mg% in ketchup, 219.68 mg% in sausage, 219.2 mg% in canned fish, 183.75 mg% in canned vegetable, 166.49 mg% in ramyun and 122.77 mg% in cookies. Pizza had the highest K content.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to determine the best processing conditions for producing of dried lean pork as a ready-to-serve product without using large-scale machines. Lean pork sausage was produced using 1.27% sodium chloride, 0.075% sodium polyphosphate, 0.06% sodium ascorbate, 0.075% sodium pyrophosphate, 0.009% sodium nitrite, 0.009% dextrin, 0.11% sodium glutamate and 1.4% spice mixture. The most appropriate slice thickness for drying was examined by slicing the sausage at a 0.5, 1 and 2 cm thickness. The drying temperatures were determined by drying the sausage slices at 35, 48 and $68^{\circ}$. The total drying period was for 12 hr, In order to examine the ability of this process to sterilize the pork, the raw meat materials were inoculated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). The optimal conditions for producing lean pork sausages were a 2 cm slice thickness and drying temperature of $68^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr, The moisture content water activity, color, hardness and pH were measured in the dried product. The product had a moisture content of 47.5% and a water activity of 0.93. There was a 47.7% percentage reduction in moisture. The dried product tested negative for E. coli even though the raw meat materials been inoculated with E. coli.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2013

로즈마리의 주요성분으로는 carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid 등의 폴리페놀(polyphenolic)로 구성되어 있다. 식물기원의 페놀혼합물은 항산화 작용과 항균작용을 포함한 유용한 기능과 영양적인 효과에 주목을 끌고 있다. 본 연구는 로즈마리 추출물의 하나인 카르노스산을 화이트소시지 원료에 첨가한 후 실온 저장기간 동안 pH, TBARS, VBN, 전자공여능 및 총균수의 변화를 조사하였다. 카르노스산의 첨가는 무첨가구인 대조구에 비해 낮은 pH, TBARS값, 그리고 VBN값을 보여 주었으며, 높은 항산화 작용과 항균작용을 나타내었다. 이들의 활성은 카르노스산의 농도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 또한 카르노스산의 병원성균에 대한 항균활성을 측정한 결과, 두 병원성균(E. coli KCCM 11234와 S. enteritidis KCCM 12021)에 대하여 강한 항균활성을 보여주었다. 따라서 화이트소시지에 있어서 카르노스산은 천연보존제로서 충분히 이용 가능한 결과를 나타내었다.