• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 1985

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of the bound lipids in Panax quinquefolium (Korea, Japan and China), Panax quinquefolium (America, Canada) and Panax notoginseng (China) were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The could lipid contents in various ginsengs were 0.29 to 0.48%, in which neutral lipid fractions were 63.6 to 67.3%, glycolipid fractions 21.9 to 25.7% and phospholipid fractions 7.7 to 12.4%. The content compositions of neutral lipid fractions were lower and those of glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were higher in the bound lipids than in the free lipids from the various ginseng. The major components were fatty acids, diglycerides and free sterols in neutral lipid fractions, monogalactosyl diglyceride, sterol glucoside and esterified steryl g1ycoside in glycolipid fractions and phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidic acid in phosphoipid fractions. Seventeen fatty acids were analyzed in the four bound lipid fractions from the various ginsengs and main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Total saturated fatty acid and palmitic acid contents were higher and total unsaturated fatty acid and linoleic acid contents lower in the total bound lipids than in the total free lipids from the various ginsengs.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

향토전통식품에 대한 체계적인 위생적 품질을 평가하기 위한 기초 연구로, 국내에서 시판되는 홍어회의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 홍어회의 pH는 국내산이 9.0, 수입산은 8.9${\sim}$9.1이었다. 홍어회의 휘발성 염기질소는 국내산은 46.3 4mg%, 칠레산은 45.43 mg%, 아르헨티나산은 51.61 mg% 및 중국산은 52.14 mg%로 나타났다. 아미노태 질소는 칠레산이 가장 많았고, 중국산이 가장 적게 나타났다. TMAO 함량은 국내산이 수입산보다 더 많았다. 국내산 홍어회의 총균수는 6.6 log CFU/g 수준이었고, 수입산의 경우에는 5.1${\sim}$6.5 log CFU/g 수준이었다. 홍어회의 대장균은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 국내산, 칠레산, 아르헨티나산 및 중국산은 각각 25종, 24종, 23종 및 24종의 유리아미노산이 검출되었으며, 총 함량은 579.7 mg, 398.1 mg, 387.6 mg 및 496.3 mg이었다. Taurine의 함량이 가장 많이 검출되었고, 그 다음으로는 anserine, lysine, alanine, glycine, proline, ${\beta}$-alanine, histidine 순 이었다. 국내산 홍어회에서 포화지방산 11종, 불포화지방산 16종이 분석되어, 총27종이 분석되었다. 칠레산은 총 18종이 분석되었으며, 아르헨티나산은 총 25종이 분석되었고, 중국산에서는 총 18종이 분석되었다. 한편, 불포화지방산 중 특히 $C_{18:1}$의 경우는 아르헨티나산이 국내산보다 훨씬 많이 들어있었다. Trienoic unsaturated fatty acid는 국내산 홍어회에 더 많이 함유되었으며, penta, hexa unsaturated fatty acid에서는 아르헨티나산의 함량이 가장 많았다. 필수지방산의 경우는 국내산 홍어회가 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과로 미루어 볼때 국내산이 수입산에 비하여 총 균수 및 유리아미노산의 함량이 많고, 지방산의 경우도 n-3와 n-6지방산이 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 미루어 좋은 단백질과 지방 공급식품임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.225-228
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• 1996

The cellular fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis data obtained for clusters defined at a Euclidian distance of 17.5, in the classification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, described by Lee et al. (4), was used for the identification of 79 Leuconostoc isolates. The test strains were isolated using a selective isolation medium specific for the genus Leuconostoc. These strains were then characterized according to their fatty acid profiles. The results show that all seventy nine test strains were identified to the known Leuconostoc clusters B, C, and D. Cluster B had the highest relative amount of the saturated fatty acid 16 : 0. The saturated fatty acid 16 : 0 and summed feature 9 were found as a major components in cluster C, which had a higher level of summed feature 9 than cluster B. Cluster D is characterized by the highest relative amount of the unsaturated fatty acid 18 : 1 w9c. It is suggested that FAMEs analysis can be successfully applied in the identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi.

• Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the composition change in different sections of elk velvet antler at 90 days. The following parameters were analyzed: moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, pH, minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb), amino acids, and fatty acids. Dry matter, crude fiber, and crude ash contents were higher in the base of the antlers and lower in the tip. In contrast, crude protein and crude fat contents were highest in the tip. Moisture content was high in the upper and medium sections of the antlers, but the difference was not significant. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) contents were high in the base of the antlers, potassium (K) content was high in the tip of the antlers, and zinc (Zn) content showed no difference between antler sections. Saturated fatty acid content was highest in the base of the antlers, whereas unsaturated fatty acid content was highest in the tip. Among unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid content was high in the tip of the antler, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acid content was high in the upper section of the antler. Essential amino acid content was highest in the upper section of the antler, whereas non-essential amino acid content was lowest in the base. Crude protein, crude fat, K, and unsaturated fatty acid content tended to be high in the tip of the antler, and essential amino acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents tended to be high in the upper section of the antler. The tip of the antler had the highest nutrient content. In order to prevent cardiovascular disease, consumption of a certain amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids from the upper section of the antler could be beneficial in terms of pharmacological efficacy.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.71-73
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• 1990

Gas-liquid chromatography analyses have been carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of 3 commercial Korean shortenings. Fourteen fatty acids ranged from caprylic to behenic acids were identified in all the samples. The major components in the samples were palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as the sum of 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1 ranged from 76-92% of total fatty acids. The ranges for saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the samples were 49-50%, 41-42% and 4-6%, respectively.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.661-667
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• 2006

머위의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 머위의 잎과 줄기의 일반성분 및 영양성분을 조사하였다. 일반성분은 건물(dry basis)을 기준으로 머위 줄기는 잎보다 수분, 조지방, 조회분 및 탄수화물 함량은 높았으나, 조단백질 함량은 낮았다. 머위 잎은 D-fructose와 D-glucose의 2종의 유리당과 maltose와 lactose의 2종의 이당류가 검출되었고,줄기에서는 D-fructose와 D-glucose의 2종의 유리당과 lactose의 1종의 이당류가 검출되었다. 아미노산은 잎에서는 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine 순으로 검출되었으며, 줄기에서는 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, leucine 순이었다. 머위잎에는 불포화지방산인 linolenic acid를 가장 많이 함유되었고 그 다음으로 linoleic acid, palmitic acid, $\gamma$-linolenic acid순으로 검출되었다. 반면에 줄기에서는 5종의 불포화지방산이 검출되었으며 linoleic acid가 가장 많이 함유되었다. 유기산은 잎에서는 oxalic acid, succinic acid, citric acid 순으로 3종이 검출되었고, 줄기에서는 oxalic acid, malic acid, citric acid순으로 검출되었다. 머위 잎과 줄기에서 비타민 A, C와 E 3종이 검출되었다. 무기질은 머위 잎과 줄기에서 8종의 무기성분이 검출되었는데, 이 중 K이 가장 많이 함유되었다. 머위의 잎과 줄기의 일반성분 및 영양성분은 함량에서의 차이가 있을 뿐 성분은 매우 유사한 경향이었다. 이상의 결과 머위는 체내 신지대사와 생리활성을 증진시킬 수 있는 유리당, 필수아미노산 및 필수지방산을 비롯한 항산화 비타민과 무기질을 다량 함유하고 있어 머위의 식품으로서의 이용화 가치가 한 층 더 높아질 것으로 기대되어진다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1975

The role of fat is important from nutritional standpoint. The physiological functions of fat are energy yielding as well as the carrier of fat soluble vitamins, with special activities of essential fatty acids. It is fortunate that Korean families prefer to use vegetable oils rather than those from animal origin. But the problems are focused on better qaulity of food oils with attempt to exploit the available resources. This study was undertaken to inevestigate the fatty acid compositions of Korean origin both from conventional and unconventional resources of gas-liquid chromatography. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The total lipid contents of seeds of red pepper, Korean squash, sesame, perilla (var Japonica), and Korean pine nuts and walnuts were 24.3%, 56.6%, 56.4%, 46.9%, 69.8%, and 67.2%, respectively. 2. The saponification numbers of samples ranged from 190 to 200. It showed that the mean molecular weights of fatty acids composing the lipids were very much closed each other. 3. Iodine numbers of varing seed oils ranged from 96.5 of Korean squash seed oil to 124.6 of walnut oil. Oils obtained from squash seeds and sesame seeds showed significantly lower value, while others ranged from 122 to 125. 4. In the fatty acid compositions, squash seed oil was composed mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, 74.9% of which was oleic acid, whereas red pepper seed oil, pine nut oil, and sesame oil contained linoleic acid as a major component showing 64.4%, 56%, 48.8%, and 47.8%, respectively. In perilla seed oil, the amounts of linoleic and linolenic acids were 14.1% and 58%, respectively which meant nearly three-fourths of the total fatty acidsbeing the unsaturated essential fatty acids. This study will encourage the use of these conventional and unconventional vegetable oils which have highr ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2007

화탄과정의 폐수에서 단리된 티오시안산염 이용 균주인 Bacillus brevis의 지방산 조성을 기체크로마토그라피로 분석하였다. 이 균주는 포화 및 불포화 지방산이외에 히드록시 지방산을 포함하고 있다. 히드록시 지방산은 일반적으로 흥미로운 박테리아의 화학적 계통분리학의 지표로 알려져 있다. 이 균주에는 시클로프로판 지방산이 전혀 없다. 이균주와 Baciluus brevi B-33 및 B-34 균주의 지방산 조성을 비교하였을 때 이 균주들 사이에 차이가 있었다. 이러한 차이는 티오시안산염의 충격 효과 때문일 것으로 보인다. 이 결과는 지방산의 생합성이 환경에 크게 의존된다는 것을 지지하여 준다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1998

All the triacylglycerols including the molecular species having ${\Delta}^5$-unsaturated fatty acids from the seeds of Pinus Koraiensis, were split into a mixture of diacylglycerols by a Grignard reagent prepared with allyl bromide without arousing acyl chains of a glycerol moiety to migration, and were also easily partially hydrolyzed to diacylglycerols by pancreatic lipase. (S)-(+)-(1-naphthyl)ethyl urethane(NEU) derivatives of the diacylglycerol mixture derived from the triacylglycerols were fractionated into sn-1, 3-, sn-1, 2- and sn-2, 3-DG-NEU by silica-HPLC and the fatty acid composition of these fractions was analysed. $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ is distributed evenly in the three positions of TG with $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ mainly located in sn-2 position, while ${\Delta}^5$-unsaturated fatty acids such as ${\Delta}^{5.9}-C_{18:2}$, ${\Delta}^{5.9.12}-C_{18:3}$ and ${\Delta}^{5.11.14}-C_{20:3}$ are exclusively present in the sn-3 position. These results could be confirmed by $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy : the signals at $^{\delta}$173.231 ppm and $^{\delta}$172.811 ppm of the carbonyl carbon of acyl moieties indicate the presence of saturated acids and/or $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ (oleic acid) in the ${\alpha}({\alpha}')$- or ${\beta}$- positions, and $C_{18:2{\omega}6}$ including $C_{18:1{\omega}9}$ in the ${\beta}$-position, respectively. In addition, the resonance at $^{\delta}$173.044 ppm suggested a location of ${\Delta}^5$-unsaturated fatty acid moiety in the ${\alpha}({\alpha}')$-position.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2006

본 연구는 거세한우에 대한 육성기의 티머시 건초 조사료의 급여효과를 구명하기 위하여 거세우 20두를 공시하여 대조구와 시험구의 2개처리구로 생후 5개월 부터 28개월까지 24개월간 비육시험한 후 등심부위 근육을 분석하였다. 가열 감량, 전단력은 대조구가, 다즙성, 향미는 시험구가 다소 높은 경향이었지만, 관능검사 결과 연도는 시험구(5.10점)가 대조구(4.30점)보다 통계적인 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성에서 포화지방산은 $42.83{\sim}40.75%$ 범위였고, 불포화지방산과 MUFA 및 PUFA은 시험구(59.25%, 55.61%, 3.40%)와 대조구(57.17%, 54.40%, 2.77%)간에는 통계적인 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05).