• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 2018

The study purpose was to investigate the jacket-fit satisfaction level of men in their 20s and 30s, using body-scanning data and a questionnaire. Thirty-five men were scanned using a 3D body scanner. The participants were divided into three groups (Small, Medium, and Large) based on their chest-circumference measurement. Their levels of satisfaction with the fit of their tailored jacket were compared by group. Chest, waist, and hip circumferences increased substantially as group size increased. The M-group was mostly satisfied with all body-site views. The S-group was especially dissatisfied with height, back width, waist circumference, and upper-arm circumference. The L-group was especially dissatisfied with waist circumference and hip circumference. The majority of the participants preferred the jacket closely fitted to their body. More than half of the participants thought finding a jacket of suitable size was difficult. When purchasing ready-to-wear jackets, the S-group and the M-group considered shoulder width important, while the L-group considered chest circumference the most important area. When evaluating the fit of ready-to-wear jackets, the L-group evaluated chest circumference, back width, and waist circumference as poor fits. The M-group evaluated sleeve length and shoulder width as poor fits, and the S-group agreed with respect to sleeve length. Body-satisfaction levels and matching jacket-satisfaction levels differed by body-size group, as did areas that need improvement. The conclusion is that size-group analysis using 3D body scanning can be utilized effectively for jacket-fit analysis. The findings of the current study can be applied to improving jacket fit among young male consumers.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 1988

Ovulation induction was done with 3 different regimens as clomid combined with HMG, HMG only, and FSH combined with HMG in 28 menstrual cycles for IVF-ET and GIFT program. The appearance of endogenous LH surge, estradiol plateau, atypical LH surge, and time from initiation to peak of LH surge in serum and urine were observed and compared in 3 groups. 1. The estradiol concentration of serum LH surge day was similar in three groups but 1st group (Clomiphene Citrate+Sequential HMG) was slightly higher at $1924.0{\pm}865.1\;pg/ml$. In regards to the existence of serum estradiol plateau, 3rd group (FSH+Sequential HMG) was highest at 60%, and 1st group and 2nd group (HMG only) were similar at 33% and 44% respectively. 2. The number of ovarian of ovarian follicle which was more than 18mm in diameter was $4.1{\pm}2.0$, $4.2{\pm}2.1$ respectibely for 2nd group and 3rd group. Although the numbers were slightly higher thean 1st group for each ovarian follicle, serum estradiol value per follicle was higher for 1st group at $583.0{\pm}261.2pg/ml$. 3. When measuring the urine LH surge according to Hi-Gonavi and according to the standard set by three different types of surge, simultameous satisfaction for 1st group, 2nd group, 3rd group was two cases, five cases, four cases respectively at 40%, and the remained cases were composed of numorous type combination which satisfied the two definition, simultaneously in this study, the LH surge starting time was determined only in the cases tow combination were satisfied simultaneously at first, but there are something to study more. In one case of the 3rd group. 4. The concentration of LH surge start in urine and serum of 2nd group was highest at306. $0{\pm}287.2IU/l$ and $34.0{\pm}9.9mIU/ml$ and 1st group was low at $116.6{\pm}66.1IU/l$ and 7.4mIU/ml. The urine and serum value of LH was highest at $1644.4{\pm}988.8IU/l$, $65.9{\pm}15.0mIU/ml$ for 2nd group, 1st group was low at urine, and 3rd group was low of serum. With pregnancy established, the LH concentration of urine was relatively high but on the contrary the LH concentration of serum was low compared to urine concentration. 5. Time from LH surge start to the maximun of urine and serum value was highest at 15. $7{\pm}9.1$ hrs and $10.8{\pm}4.9$ hrs for 1st group and 3rd group. With pregnancy established, time was shortened for urine but on the contrary serum showed an increase in time. 6. The concentration of LH which increases with time on urine was highest at 2nd group ($194.6{\pm}76.8\;IU/hour$). The lowest increase for serum was at 3rd group (2.1mIU/hour). With pregnancy established, urine showed more increase than control group ($266.5{\pm}47.4\;IU/hour$) and for serum there was similar increase ($3.4{\pm}0.8\;mIU/hour$). 7. There were two examples of non-typical surge from 1st group and 3rd group each. Among these three cases showed a reestablishment of LH surge after 10-24 hours. 8. Endogenous spontaneous Lh surge occurs once for each 2nd group and 3rd group.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to compare residents' movement and activities in SH apartment in Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul (SH apartment) and PHA apartment in St. Paul, Minnesota (PHA apartment) in order to improve the quality of rental housing environment. This study had surveyed 418 residents of SH apartments in Korea and used the secondary data gathered from 1,462 residents of PHA apartments in the United States. The results of this study are as follows: The criteria of Korean residents in SH apartments when choosing their residences are lower rent payment and shorter waiting time. They seemed to have no other options than public rental housing. On the contrary, American residents in PHA apartment had more option to choose from. Therefore, Korea needs to offer more variety types of residents that can be lead to better satisfaction of low income classes. Most of the SH apartments residents has lived for long-term, in the average of more than 6 years, and wanted to live continually at their current dwelling. PHA residents showed similar tendency. However, long term residency may lead to permanent occupation of the public rental apartment by the same family. Hence, a system which can provide equal residency opportunities to all low-income classes need to be developed. Residents of SH apartment were satisfied with the personal activities but were not satisfied with group activities among residents or regarding resident meetings. However, residents of PHA apartments were more satisfied with their management because there is more in-housing-complex activity programs. Therefore, more activity program for a resident should be developed after analysing programs of different apartments and current conditions in Korea. There were some noticeable divergences among residents, based on their age, term of residence and physical, emotional and mental problem, when evaluating in-housing-complex's programs. Thus, these factors are also need to be considered when planning and examining evaluation about the management of rental apartments.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the patterns of middle-aged parents' intergenerational support exchange with their adult children and its effects on the happiness of the parents. The sample consisted of 765 middle-aged parents selected from the National Survey of Korean Families by the Ministry of Equality and Family in 2010. The results were as follows. First, intergenerational support exchange between parents and their adult children was categorized into four groups depending on the provider of support: parents who exchanged no support with their children, parents who only received support from their children, parents who only provided support to their children, and parents who exchanged support with their children. Second, parents who exchanged no support with their children were high in instrumental support and those who both provided and received support were high in emotional support. Third, consciousness of their children significantly affected the satisfaction level of their relationship with their children. The more the parents emphasize on the growth of their children, the more they were satisfied. Parents in the support exchange group were more satisfied when they received economic support from their children. With regard to instrumental and emotional support, parents were more satisfied when they provided support to or mutually exchanged support with their children. Forth, subjective health conditions, consciousness of their children, and household's income more significantly affected the happiness of middle-aged parents than the patterns of intergenerational support exchange. With regard to economic support, parents who only received support from their children were less happy than the other groups. With regard to instrumental support, parents who exchanged no support with their children were happier than the other groups. With regard to emotional support, parents who provided support to their children were happier than the other groups.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data for health promotion and improvement of the dietary life in students who receive school lunch support (SLS) by comparative analysis of food service satisfaction, dietary habits, and nutrition intakes according to SLS. The subjects of this study consisted of 258 boys and 233 girls at a middle school in Incheon. The students' average age was 14.9 years, average height was 161.3 cm, and average weight was 52.0 kg. The breakfast eating frequency of the No-SLS (NSLS) group was significantly greater than that of the SLS group (P<0.05). The time spent for eating breakfast in the SLS group was significantly shorter than that of the NSLS group for boys. There was no significant difference in dietary attitudes according to SLS. For satisfaction of the quantity and diversity of the school lunch menu in girls, the SLS group had higher satisfaction than the NSLS group. The daily energy intake of the SLS group was significantly lower than that of the NSLS group in both boys and girls. The majority of daily nutrients intakes in the SLS group were also significantly lower than those in the NSLS group. In summary, the female students in the SLS group were more satisfied with school lunch service than general students. However, SLS students less frequently ate breakfast and showed lower energy and nutrient intakes. Therefore, in order to improve the nutritional status and dietary life of students who receive school lunch support, consistent nutrition management and support in schools are required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.139-148
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of physical therapy for leprosy patients of invalide home in Korea. The subjects were 928 leprosy patients who answered for the questionnaires kindly and lived in invalide homes such as An-Dong & San-Chung. The questionnaires survey was carried out from July to August 1997. The results of this study were as follows : 1. $67.6\%$ of the subjects said that they were knowing of physical therapy. 2. $88.4\%$ of the subjects who had been served physical therapy said that they were satisfied with it. 3. Between no physical therapy service group and physical therapy service group, treatment of pain was done in a different way. In physical therapy service group, for example, physical therapy treatment was most frequently used. But in no physical therapy service group, drug treatment was most frequently used. 4. The majority of the subjects responded that physical therapy was needed. 5. Each group expressed different kinds of difficulties with regard to physical therapy. No physical therapy service group, on the one hand, found it very difficult to visit physical therapy rooms. Physical therapy service group, on the other hand, complained of not having sufficient physical therapy appliance. 6. The situation of disability and disease was much worse in no physical therapy service group than in physical therapy service group. Especially, in case of low back pain and joint pain, no physical therapy service group complained of than suffering from these pains twice as often as physical therapy service group.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.297-310
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the user characteristics in different age groups by investigating the level of satisfaction and preference of design and function of mobile phone. 160 subjects participated in the experiment. Subjects with different ages were selected and divided into four groups: young age group (20 to less than 45), $1^{st}$ middle age group (45 to less than 55), $2^{nd}$ middle age group(55 to less than 65), and elderly group(over 65). A questionnaire was developed based on the previous design guideline, and additional questions were made to test newly developed function and design of the mobile phone. In particular, depth interviews were conducted in order to have a proper response from old subjects who have difficulties in completing written questionnaire. In result, it was found that except for price the major criterion to purchase mobile phone was the design, and the function of phone was the next except for elderly group. In the case of elderly group, the screen size is the first. Statistical results indicated that 37.5% of the young age group, 22.5% of $1^{st}$ middle age group, 22.5% of $2^{nd}$ middle age group and 10.0% of the elderly group preferred the design to function when they purchase mobile phones. Most elderly people were not satisfied with the supplementary function of the mobile phone. The $1^{st}$ middle age group did not know exactly how to use the supplementary service although they were willing to use it. Regarding the emotional preference on the type of phone, the sliding type was preferred most. Current results can be used to anticipate the future trend of mobile phone and design a user-friendly product for the aged population.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.172-177
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• 1996

We performed a study of epidural patient controlled analgesia of meperidine with or without 0.08% bupivacaine for 48 hours after Cesarean section. 51 parturients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups : 1) epidural 0.2% meperidine group(n:24) and 2) epidural combined group with 0.2% meperidine and 0.08% bupivacaine(n:27). All parturients used patient controlled analgesia with loading dose, 2 ml/hour continuous infusion, 1 ml bolus infusion and lockout time, 8 minutes. visual analog scales after loading doses were not significantly different in either groups. The total quantity of meperidine consumption and hourly consumption were significantly lower in the combined group than meperidine group(P<0.05). The cumulative amount of meperidine consumption were also significantly lower in the combined group than meperidine group at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. In combined group the hourly consumption of meperidien from 3 hours to 12 hours after loading dose was significantly lower than those of meperidine group. Above 90% of parturients were satisfied in both groups. Side effects were: numbness (2), thigh weakness (1), nausea (1), headache (1) and back pain (2) in epidural meperidine group. There were no case needed specific treatment in both groups. We conclude that analgesic effects were similar in both groups, however the amount of meperidine consumption was less for meperiding group than combined group.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.166-171
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to compare the postoperative analgesic effect of morphine and meperidine, employing intravenous patient controlled analgesia after cesarean section. Among fifty nine parturients undergoing cesarean section with general anesthesia, 32 were administered morphine designated as 'morphine group', and 27 parturient administered meperidine as 'meperidine' group, during 48 hours after commencement of PCA. Doses administered, based on potency for this setting, were equivalent to 1 mg morphine or 10 mg meperidine. Loading dose was administered when parturient first complained of pain after cesarean section. This was followed with bolus dose, 1 mg for morphine group and 10 mg for meperidine group, with a lockout interval of 8 minutes between doses wherever parturient requested additional analgesia. Visual analog scale(VAS) pain scores during rest were significantly lower at only 1 and 2 hour for the meperidine group, than morphine group. Loading dose and cumulative dose at 1, 2 and 3 hours were significantly lower for meperidine group than the morphine group. There were no significant difference in total dose and hourly dose for 48 hours and cumulative dose at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours between both groups. More than 90% of the parturients from both groups were satisfied with the analgesic effects of pain relief. Morphine group experienced side effects such as: pruritus, sedation and dizziness. Meperidine group had sedation, dizziness, nausea and local irritation. Neither group required any specific treatment for any of the above side effects. We conclude that meperidine had greater analgesic effect at early stage of post-operative period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.278-283
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• 2006

For the company, the office space is the expensive resource next to human resource. Employees are under the influence of physical characters of the office space. Among them lighting is the most effective factor in physical, biological and psychological for employees. Although there are lots of investments in architectural aspect of the office space, there is almost no investment and consideration about the lighting environment. Therefore this study was trying to find out these things as follow. First, evaluate lighting environment of people who works in the office spaces. Second, find out which factors are more affective in evaluation of lighting environment. And then with these findings this study found what should be considered as important in lighting planning of the office space. As the result of this study, however the majority of the employees are satisfied with current lighting conditions, they are not satisfied with individual operation of lighting. And in office space work type and position changes by age can affect in a large degree more than other factors. Therefore when planning lighting of the office space, it is necessary to figure out work features of Individual and group exactly and accept the difference by positions appropriately.