• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the extent of and the relationships among self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress in clinical nurses. Methods: The subjects were 201 clinical nurses from three different general hospitals in B city. Data were collected from May 26 to August 9, 2012 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Sheff$\acute{e}$ test, and Partial correlation coefficients. Results: The mean scores of self-efficacy, spiritual well-being, and job stress were moderate, 3.50, 3.58, and 3.44 respectively. There were statistically significant relationships between marital status, influence of religion, the number of night shifts per month, motives for choosing nursing as a career, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. Spiritual well-being was found to be significantly related to all participants' general characteristics, and job stress was significantly related to marital status and type of religion. There was a significantly weak positive correlation between self-efficacy and spiritual well-being, and a weak negative correlation between self-efficacy and job stress. There was no significant correlation between job stress and spiritual well-being. Conclusion: This study suggests that effective strategies to foster spiritual well-being is needed to enhance clinical nurses' self-efficacy, which should equip clinical nurses to better deal with job stress in their work places.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2010

Purpose: Most of the patients who underwent surgery feels variable kinds of fear or anxiety; an uncomfortable mood state that happens without specific object affects patient's satisfaction before and after the surgery. As music therapy is rather noninvasive method generally used in reducing patient's anxiety, the authors researched about the extent of anxiety with the change of vital sign before the operation while comparing with the cases of patients who took the music therapy at closed reduction under general anesthesia. Method: We divided the patients in 4 groups; A with the premedication (Midazolam, Dormicum$^{(R)}$) before the operation, B with the premedication and music therapy, C with only music therapy, D with no premedication or therapy. And we measured the vital signs after the arrival at the operation room, after induction and 20 minutes after the operation. Also we observed the changes of anxiety index with the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory)-K (Korea)YZ 1 hour before and 8 hours after the surgery. Result: The group B showed the least changes in blood pressure as the group D showed the highest change. Both group C and A showed increase in blood pressure but the upswing in group A was lower than group C. At the change of pulse rate group B showed the lowest upswing also group D showing the highest. Group B showed quite a few upswing but lower than group D, but, at the same time, group A showed lower upswing when comparing two cases. After analysis of STAI-KYZ score, the anxiety relatively decreased in group B and C in comparison with group D. And the index of anxiety state of group A showed just as much to group D. Conclusion: The music therapy is better healthcare method compared to other therapies in reducing anxiety also with satisfying effect who underwent operation. The authors recommend music therapy assisted with use of premedication for better relief of anxiety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.799-811
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• 2006

As an alternative measure to replace reactive stance with proactive one, a risk based management scheme has been commonly applied to enhance public satisfaction on water service by providing a higher creditable solution to handle a rehabilitation problem of pipe having high potential risk of leaks. This study intended to examine the feasibility of a simulation model to predict a recurrence probability of pipe leaks. As a branch of the data mining technique, probabilistic neural network (PNN) algorithm was applied to infer the extent of leaking recurrence probability of water network. PNN model could classify the leaking level of each unit segment of the pipe network. Pipe material, diameter, C value, road width, pressure, installation age as input variable and 5 classes by pipe leaking probability as output variable were built in PNN model. The study results indicated that it is important to pay higher attention to the pipe segment with the leak record. By increase the hydraulic pipe pressure to meet the required water demand from each node, simulation results indicated that about 6.9% of total number of pipe would additionally be classified into higher class of recurrence risk than present as the reference year. Consequently, it was convinced that the application of PNN model incorporated with a data base management system of pipe network to manage municipal water distribution network could make a promise to enhance the management efficiency by providing the essential knowledge for decision making rehabilitation of network.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1809-1818
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• 2009

In order to correctly understand the Internet fashion shopping mall, which is expected to continuously grow up, and to strengthen marketing activities in cyber space, a more scientific and systematic research is necessary. Most of the early researches of the Internet fashion shopping mall were focused on technical parts so they studied the environmental and physical characteristics of the Internet fashion shopping mall, but recently, the Internet fashion shopping mall is activated and accordingly, the interest in Internet shopping users is going up. Under this circumstance, the research to understand the characteristics of Internet shopping consumers becomes necessary. Therefore, the research was conducted by a survey, focusing on college students who use Internet a lot. The survey covered the experience and the type of using the Internet fashion shopping mall, the extent of satisfaction, strengths, and weaknesses of the Internet fashion shopping mall, the use of a cyber fitting system, and the possibility of the development of the Internet fashion shopping mall having a cyber fitting system. As a result of the study, it was found that: most of the students used the Internet fashion shopping mall; they used a fashion-specialized mall most; they pointed out economy of time as the biggest strength of using the Internet fashion shopping mall; they thought the biggest weakness of the Internet fashion shopping mall is that they can not try on clothes so they can not check whether clothes go well with them or not; and regarding the intention to use a cyber fitting system if available and the possibility of the development of the Internet fashion shopping mall, they replied that they would use it and the malls with the system would be developed. Based on the results, this study proposes a cyber fitting system as an improvement of the Internet fashion shopping mall.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2019

The presence of shops necessary for everyday life is a factor that increases the satisfaction of residential environment. From the perspective of founders, establishing businesses with high needs of local residents is a factor that affects business success. In this paper, we try to find out the status of businesses closely related to everyday city life. And it analyzes whether the formation of these businesses is consistent with the initial consumer needs of the new city. The purpose of this paper is to derive meaningful results that both the business founder and consumer can win-win. The current status of the life-friendly businesses and the needs of citizens were analyzed in the S city. As a results of analysis, the needs for education appears strongly at the early stage of urban development. And it shows a characteristic of being weakened to some extent with the passage of time. On the other hand, the needs for food, which is the basic requirement of life, has a low starting and steadily increasing character.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is conceptual analysis study on the thwarted belongingness, and was based on the conceptual analysis method of Walker & Avant to make clear concept. Thwarted belongingness can be defined by the following attributes: distorted beliefs, insufficient need to belong, a sense of alienation, and insufficient interaction and affection needs. The prerequisites for thwarted belongingness were social isolation, experiences of exclusion or conflict in interpersonal relationships, perfectionist tendencies, and sensitivity to rejection. The consequences occurring as a result of thwarted belongingness were suicidal ideation, decreased happiness and life satisfaction, negative emotions such as anxiety about rejection, depression, shame, loneliness, stress or anger, aggression, hostility and self-criticism, despair, suppression of emotional expression, lethargy, self-exclusion from relationships, and identity confusion. This study is valuable to identify the extent of preventable nursing interventions related to individual mental health and suicidal ideation related to interpersonal relationships, and suggests future tool development and field studies of thwarted belongingness.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.399-414
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• 2017

Although previous studies have found that social participation activities are related to older people's life satisfaction and health status, the rate of social participation activities among older people is still low. The current study examined the relationship between age identity and social participation activities among older people and the extent to which this relationship differs by gender. Secondary data from the Survey of Living Conditions of Korean Older Persons were used to test the research hypothesis. Hierarchical multiple regression models were tested using a nationally representative sample of 10,451 community-dwelling older persons aged 65 and above. Older people who have older age identity were less likely to involve in social participation activities than those who have younger age identity. However, this relationship was only significant for older women. The findings suggest the need for attention to age identity and gender differences when promoting social participation activities.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.194-205
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• 2023

Objectives : This study investigated the current utilization status of thermotherapy devices in Korean medicine (KM) institutions and identified areas for improvement and further development, as perceived by KM doctors (KMDs). Methods : An online survey was conducted, targeting KMDs primarily engaged in clinical patient care. The questionnaire included items about respondents' clinical practices, the extent of thermotherapy device usage, their opinions on these devices, and perceived improvement needs. The collected data underwent quantitative analysis. Results : From the 1,025 respondents, data from 862 respondents who provided complete responses were analyzed. On average, respondents utilized thermotherapy treatments for 80% of their patients. Infrared (IR) phototherapy unit, electrical moxibustion apparatus, and heater-based thermotherapy devices were predominantly owned by respondents, with IR being the most frequently used. The average satisfaction score for current thermotherapy devices was 79. A significant concern raised was the necessity for improved health insurance coverage and efficacy evaluation. Conclusions : This research has confirmed that the extensive use of thermotherapy devices by KMDs in treating primarily musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal ailments - common conditions among patients in KM institutions. The main areas identified for improvement encompass safety, cost-effectiveness, and device efficacy. Future enhancements in thermotherapy devices should address these crucial aspects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

Video-assisted thoracic sympathicotomy is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of essential hyperhidrosis with immediate symptomatic improvement. However, this is offset by the occurrence of a high rate of side effects, such as embarrassing compensatory hyperhidrosis. Therefore, by comparing and assessing the degree of symptomatic improvement or compensatory sweating following sympathicotomy at various levels and the extent of block, we are to determine the optimal level of sympathicotomy and which method will result in minimal side effects and maximal benefits. Material and Method: From January 1998 to June 2001, the thoracoscopic sympathicotomy was performed in 150 patients suffering from essential hyperhidrosis in the Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wonkwang University Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups. GroupI(n=50): patients having undergone 72,3,4 sympathicotomy, GroupII (n=50): patients having undergone 72 sympathicotomy which consist of blocking the interganglionic neural fiber on the second rib, and group 111(n=50): patients having undergone 73 sympathicotomy which consist of blocking the interganglionic neural fiber on the third rib. The parameters were composed of the satisfaction rate of treatment, the degree of compensatory sweating, postoperative complications, and changes of plantar sweating. Results: There was no difference in age and sex among the groups. All of the treated patients obtained satisfactory alleviation of essential hyperhidrosis in immediate postoperative period. However the rate of long-term satisfaction were 80%, 92%, and 96% in groupsI,II, and III respectively(p<0.05). More than embarrassing compensatory hyperhidrosis was present in 50%, 28%, and 18% in groups I,II ,and III respectively(p<0.05). Slight but comfortable amounts of palmar humidness was expressed in decreasing order, group III(34%), groupII(6%), and group I(4%) respectively(p<0.05). In regard to plantar sweating, decrease in sweating was expressed in each of the three groups, but was not significant between the groups.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.53-68
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• 2014

This study is aimed at analyzing the factors that affect the behaviors of employee's investment, such as a decision making process in a variety of views and proving the extent of how those factors influence on their investment. The basic assumption is that the preceding factors that can be determined by the personal investment propensity, a psychological factor asserted by Behavior Financial Theory and financial-economic and social environment. This study uses Hershey's Investment Behavior Model(2007) as the main analysis tool to explain the investment behavior of individuals and deals with personal investment inclination in the psychological perspective of overconfidence, self-control and the risk tolerance propensity and add the financial and economic factors in terms of financial literacy and economic distress. Also the new preceding social environmental factors like social interaction and the effect of reference group are added to make this research to be more precise. This study analyze the adjustment effect of professional invest-consulting service that affect the fluctuation influence between the individual variables(those factors) and subordination variable(the level of investment satisfaction). The study reveals that overconfidence and self-control in direct ways have a positive effect on the level of investment satisfaction in terms of investment behavior and economic distress has a negative effect on the level of investment satisfaction. The adjustment effect provided by financial experts in investment consulting service is affirmed as the critical factor that increase the influence between self-control and the level of investment satisfaction. To conclude, the research reveals that the psychological factors are the main criteria when the workers as employees have to make investment decisions. To make investors be reasonable, a systematic financial education system provided by experts is needed from the early adolescent stages and financial companies should develop the relevant services of consulting service department as a key financial sector and financial investment products and consulting program and marketing tool pertinent to investors ages, vocational traits and their inclinations.