• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 1998

Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techiniques were used to identification and differentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolated from Forsythia koreana (CMV-Fk). RT-PCT used by two set of 20-mer primers one was CMV-common primers and another was CMV subgroup I-specific primers designed in a conserved region of the 3' end of CMV RNA3, amplified about 490 bp and 200 bp DNA fragments from CMV-Fk, respectively. CMV could be detected by RT-PCR at a dilution as low as 10-4 in forsythia crude sap extracts. Restriction enzyme analysis of RT-PCR products using EcoRI and MspI showed that CMV-Fk belonged to CMV subgroup I. But, analysis of RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) showed heterogeneity of RNA3 between CMV-Fk and CMV-Y as a member of subgroup I.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

Static behaviors of railway plate girder bridges designed by the L-22, a standard load type of the railway specification in Korea, are evaluated by widely eight load cases. The load cases are three real loads, which contain three locomotive types of Saemaul PMC, diesel, and Korea Train Express(KTX), and three design loads, L-22, L-18, and HL-25 loads, in railway specification. Plate girders for analysis have the length of spans of six types：6m, 9m, 12m, 22m, 24m, and 30m. For analysis SAP2000n ,a commercial FEM tool, is used. Dominant axial load types are taken from these results that are maximum deflections, reaction forces, and absolute maximum bending moment in girders.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1293-1309
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• 2015

3D two adjacent buildings with different heights founded in different kinds of soil connected with viscous dampers groups, with especial arrangement in plane, were investigated. Soil structure interaction for three different kinds of soil (stiff, medium and soft) were modeled as 3D Winkler model to give the realistic behavior of adjacent buildings connected with viscous dampers under various earthquake excitations taking in the account the effect of different kinds of soil beneath the buildings, using SAP2000n to model the whole system. A range of soil properties and soil damping characteristics are chosen which gives broad picture of connected structures system behavior resulted from the influence soil-structure interaction. Its conclusion that the response of connected structures system founded on soft soil are more critical than those founded on stiff soil. The behavior of connected structures is different from those with fixed base bigger by nearly 20%, and the efficiency of viscous dampers connecting the two adjacent buildings is reduced by nearly 25% less than those founded on stiff soil.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2019

The work aims at the comparison among commonly used research programs concerning moment-curvature ($M-{\chi}$) diagrams of confined R.C. members. The software considered in this work are Sap2000, SeismoStruct and Opensees. The curves provided by these software, given the same modelling, have been compared to those provided by a theoretical fiber model. A parametric analysis has been led on rectangular column sections with different level of axial load and different stirrups spacing. The accuracy of the modelling of the considered structural programs has been investigated by comparing their results with those obtained by applying the theoretical fiber model.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2023

The published studies usually used analytical method, numerical methods or experimental method to determine the stress-strain state and displacement of the single-layer or multi-layer curved shell types, but with a small scale model. However, a full scale multi-layer doubly curved concrete shell roof model should be researched. This paper presents the results of the experiment and simulation analysis involving stress-strain state, sliding between layers, the formation and development of the full scale double-layer doubly curved concrete shell roof when this shell begins to crack. The results of the this study have constructed the load-sliding strain relationship; strain diagram; stress diagram in the shell layers; the N_x, N_y membrane force diagram and deflection of shell. Thisresults by experimental method on a full scale model of concrete have clarified the working of multi-layer doubly curved concrete shell roof. The experimental and simulation results are compared with each other and compared with the Sap2000 software.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.47-56
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• 2023

This study depicts a Scientometric technique of Bifurcation Research output in India for around five years during 2016-2020. It is an active field of analysis in which the bulk of investigation is being done. Scopus is an advanced research platform, assisting in finding, probing and yielding information in the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities. The contemporary study discusses the "Bifurcation" as reflected in SCOPUS for 2016-2020. This study examines the highly prolific authors, document type etc. The study exhibited that 2017 shown maximum research papers 1700 (20.44%), the lowermost maturity rate was deciphered in 2018 (19.65%), the standard value of the period of collaboration is 0.18. The time series examines for single-authored, multi-authored, and collaborative papers are 137.8, 1564 and 1701.8 respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.870-879
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• 2006

The present study describes the formation of succinic acid by a nonvirulent, highly osmotolerant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain SAP (succinic acid producer), its profile of metabolites, and enzymes of the succinate production pathway. The strain produced succinate along with other metabolites such as lactate, acetate, and ethanol under aerobic as well as anaerobic growth conditions. The yield of succinate was higher in the presence of $MgCO_3$ under $N_2$ atmosphere as compared with that under $CO_2$ atmosphere. Analysis of intracellular metabolites showed the presence of a smaller PEP pool than that of pyruvate. Oxaloacetate, citrate, and $\alpha$-ketoglutarate pools were considerably larger than those of isocitrate and fumarate. In order to understand the synthesis of succinate, the enzymes involved in end-product formation were studied. Levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fumarate reductase, pyruvate kinase, and acetate kinase were higher under anaerobic growth conditions. Based on the profiles of the metabolites and enzymes, it was concluded that the synthesis of succinate took place via oxaloacetate, malate, and fumarate in the strain under anaerobic growth conditions. The strain SAP showed potential for the bioconversion of fumarate to succinate under $N_2$ atmosphere in the presence of $MgCO_3$. At an initial fumarate concentration of 10 g/l, 7.1 g/l fumarate was converted to 7 g/l succinate with a molar conversion efficiency of 97.3%. The conversion efficiency and succinate yield were increased in the presence of glucose. Cells grown on fumarate contained an 18-fold higher fumarate reductase activity as compared with the activity obtained when grown on glucose.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.461-468
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• 2015

Simultanious quantitative determination of Cetyltrimetyl ammonium chloride(CTM), Stearamidopropyl dimetylamine(SAP), Behentriammonium chloride(BHT), Dihexadeyldimethyl ammonium chloride(DHDDM) was carried out by reversed phase HPLC. The 0.2% TFA/Methanol was used for the mobile phase of gradient conditions. An Alltech $C_{18}$($250mm{\times}4.6mm$ i.d., $5{\mu}m$)and the selected ELSD detector was applied. The analysis results of HPLC showed good linearity with correlation coefficient of $r^2=0.997$ in the rage of $130{\sim}1980.5{\mu}g/mL$ and detection limit.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.213-225
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• 2012

Sap flux density (SFD) measurements were used, in combination with morphological characteristics of trees and forest structure, to calculate whole-tree transpiration, stand transpiration (St) and mean canopy stomatal conductance (Gs). Analysis based on the relationships between the morphological characteristics of trees and whole tree water use, and on the responses of SFD and Gs to short wave radiation (RR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) during drought and non-drought periods were conducted. The results showed a strong positive correlation between whole tree transpiration and both tree diameter at breast height (DBH) ($r^2$ = 0.95, P < 0.05) and sapwood area (SA) ($r^2$ = 0.98, P < 0.05). Relationships between SFD and DBH ($r^2$ = 0.25), as well as SA ($r^2$ = 0.17) were weak. Daily SFD of Quercus serrata Thunb was closely related to VPD and RR. Although operating at different time scales, RR and VPD were important interacting environmental controls of tree water use. SFD increased with increasing VPD (<1 kPa) and RR. SWC had a considerable effect on stand transpiration during the drought period. The relationships between SFD, VPD and RR were distorted when SWC dropped below 35%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.432-437
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to select regional distinctive Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Gangwon Inland Mountains Area. It was considered as NTFP Pine mushroom, Raw Oak Mushroom, Chestnut, Pinenut, Acorn, Resin, Cultivated Mountain Ginseng, Fernbrake, Chinese bellflower, Lance asiabell, Angelica, Aster scaber, Sap, Wood Vinegar. Regional weight, item weight and forest products quotient were used for the selection of NTFP. Forest products quotient was an application of Location Quotient that is used Input-Output analysis. As a result, Chestnut was selected in Chuncheon. Raw Oak Mushroom was selected in Wonju and Pyeongchang. It was selected Pinenut in Hongcheon, Lance asiabell in Hoengseong and Hwacheon, Acorn in Cheorwon, Aster scaber in Yanggu and Sap in Inje.