• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2009

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety of Soyeom Pharmacopunture solution manufactured by extraction of alcohol and water. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, the eye irritation test of rabbits and antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Soyeom Pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• The Journal of Traditional Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Fagopyrum escuentum(FE) on the melanogenesis. To determine whether ethanol extract of FE suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, B16F10 melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of FE ethanol extract. In the present study, the author examined the effects of FE ethanol extract on cell proliferation, melanin contents, tyrosinase activity. Cell proliferation was slightly increased by treatment with ethanol extract of FE (25-200 ${\mu}$g/ml). The ethanol extract of FE effectively suppressed melanin contents at a dose of 100 ${\mu}$g/ml. It was observed that the color of cell pellets was totally whitened compared with the control. The ethanol extract of FE inhibited tyrosinase activity, regulate melanin biosynthesis as the key enzyme in melanogenesis. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of FE exerts its depigmenting effects through the suppression of tyrosinase activity. And it may be a potent depigmetation agent in hyperpigmentation condition.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

Crystal violet, a typical triphenylmenthane dye (N, N, N', N', N", N"-hexa methylparaosaniline), extensively used in textile dye, industry and research, has been suggested to cause tumor growth in botton-feeding fishes. For the isolation of crystal violet degrading bacteria, wastewaters were sampled from plants' wastewater treatment facility, textile treatment facility, textile wastewater treatment plant and etc.. The most efficient strain in crystal violet degrading bacteria was identified as Klebsiella oxytoca. Added sole carbon source in PAS minimal media was 10mg/l crystal violet, which incubated at 30。C, the degrading efficiency was maximum 12.3%. When fructose, glucose, sucrose and yeast-extract were added 0.01% in PAS media respectively, the degrading efficiency were all 96% within 24 hours.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate antibiosis of decoctions made by Cassiae Semen(CaS), Celosiae Semen(CeS) and Buddlejae Flos(BF). Methods : Decoctions made by CaS. CeS and BF were prepared. After administering decoctions made by CaS. CeS and BF on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Condida albicans) which cause Keratitis, the size of inhibition zone and MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) were measured Results : The inhibition zone on bacterial species didn't appear, after administering decoctions made by CaS, CeS and BF. Conclusions : This experimental study is showed that decoctions made by CaS, CeS and BF don't have antibiosis on bacterial species which cause Keratitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.459-465
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• 1995

The ether extract of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix(SMR) was fractioned to give five subfractions, so that two subfractions of them were recrystallized to yield each pure diterpene quinone pigment. On the basis of spectral evidence, these two compounds were identified as tanshinone II and crytotanshinone. Cryptotanshinone exhibited both of a potent platelet anti-aggregating activity in vitro and a potent antimicrobial activity. GC-MS analysis of the other extract showed that tanshinone II was contained in the largest proportion of all the diterpene quinones. In addition, GC-MS analysis gave other valuable analytical informations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1999

When liriodendrin or syringin was incubated for 24 h with human intestinal bacteria, two metabolites, (+)-syringaresinol$\beta$--D-glucopyranoside and (+)-syringaresionl, from liriodendrin and one metabolite, synapyl alcohol, from syringin were produced. The metabolic time course of liriodendrin was as follows: at early time liriodendrin was converted to (+)-syringaresinol-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, and then (+)-syringaresinol. The in vitro cytotoxicities of these metabolites, (+)-syringaresinol and synapyl alcohol, were superior to those of liriodendrin and syringin.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.88-90
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• 2013

With the continuous growth of a number of high-quality multimedia services for handheld devices, the lack of power resources becomes an increasingly critical issue. One of the ways to overcome existing problem is to make multimedia data processing more efficient. In order to do that this paper introduces a video streaming application for Android platform which, while being used along with offloading technique, may provide an efficient progressive download service for user devices along with relief of media servers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.237-253
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• 1998

These studies were carried out to observe the effect of Aqua-acupuncture with Woolgum extract on the recovery from liver injury of rats. The liver injury of rats induced with 0.5ml/200g carbon tetrachloride. The Aqua-acupuncture with Woolgum extract solution inserted into corresponding locus of the Kansu(BL18.) in Rats. Experimental group was divided into 4 groups: Normal group, $CCI_4$-intoxicated group, Saline treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated and Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. Biochemical assays for each serum enzyme activity of GOT, GPT, LDH, total protein, triglyceride, albumin, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocyte were performed. The results were as follows : 1. GOT was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. In GOT activity, the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated showed higher level significant compared with the saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 2. GPT was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. In GOT activity, the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated showed higher level significant compared with the saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 3. LDH was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 4. Total protein increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 5. Albumin was increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. The saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated was not recognized as compared with $CCI_4$-intoxicated group. 6. Triglyceride was increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 7. WBC was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. In WBC count, the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture higher level significant compared with the saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 8. Lymphocyte was decreased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. 9. Neutrophils was increased with statistical significance in the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated. The saline aqua-acupuncture treated group after $CCI_4$-intoxicated was not recognized as compared with $CCI_4$-intoxicated group. From above results, it is suggested that the Woolgum aqua-acupuncture had significant effects on the injury induced by $CCI_4$.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.444-452
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• 2007

Acupuncture treatment cures disease by regulating the functional excessiveness or deficiency which occurs in the meridian and visceral organs, and by letting stagnated Qi and Blood flow through the whole body and then controlling Qi. Whether or not to have Qi feeling is the main factor needed to manifest the efficacy of acupuncture. So it needs the very stimulus to make Qi felt rather than the simple stimulus. In order to have Qi feeling, it needs to acupuncture a patient according to patient's thinness or fatness, constitution, richness or poverty and age. And also it needs to vary the way to acupuncture a patient according to meridian, kinds of pulse, degrees of disease, new or old diseases, seasons with a disease and local areas of disease. In order to ascertain that it is important for the quality and quantity of acupuncture stimulus and the state of feeling acupuncture to get the efficacy of acupuncture, the experiment was planned to confirm whether the form and Qi of subject has different result according to the stimulated duration and depth. On the basis of the report that acupuncture on derma, when using electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) which denotes small intestinal motility, is more efficient than full depth acupuncture, I got the following result, after I observed whether the stimulated duration and depth give different efficacy according to the sex and weights of rat in experiment. The increased effects of small intestinal motility by electroacupuncture on Zusanli(ST 36) appeared after stimulating full depth for thirty minutes without distinction of sex and weights. This significant change was observed only in the female experimental group when I distinguished the sex. The small interstinal motility in rats by electroacupuncture at zusanli(ST 36) decreased in the 10 minutes' stimulated group and 30 minutes' stimulated group by duration on the one hand, and derma-deep stimulated group and full depth stimulated group by the depth of stimulus on the other hand, as the weights increased. This result shows that the duration and depth of acupuncture depends on the differences of acupuncture points, sex of the experimental animals, ages, and, weights. And the further study on the experimental and clinical differences and sextual differences need to be continued on.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1548-1551
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• 2005

The leptin, an anti-obesity protein, is a hormone protein expressed and secreted mainly from adipocyte tissue, and involved in regulation of body weight, food intake and energy metabolism. In an effort to discover polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) might be implicated in phenotypic traits of growth, we have sequenced exons and their boundaries of leptin gene including 1,000 bp upstream of promoter region with twenty-four unrelated Korean cattle. Fifty-seven sequence variants were identified: fourteen in 5' flanking region, twenty-seven in introns, eight in exons, and eight in 3' flanking region. By pair-wise linkage analysis among polymorphisms, ten sets of SNPs were in absolute linkage disequilibrium (LD) (|D'| = 1 and $r^2$ = 1). Among variants identified, thirty-six SNPs were newly identified, and twenty-one SNPs, which were reported in other breeds, were also confirmed in Korean cattle. The allele frequencies of variants were quite different among breeds. The information from SNPs of bovine leptin gene could be useful for further genetic studies of this gene.