• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Planting pine trees on the coastal dunes has been carried out along the East coast as well as West coast of South Korea. Although the artificial forestation has been regarded as a good policy that help to protect the coastal area from natural disasters, but its real effect to the landscapes is still unknown. In this study, we have installed a monitoring site with an automated weather station to study requirements for dune formation and its environmental changes in Osan beach, Yangyang-Gun, Gangwon Province. We analyzed the meteorological data collected from 2010 to 2019 and vegetational changes in the study area. As a result, the wind speed is decreased by around 30% and the pine-covered area is increased by around 300m² after planting Japanese Black Pine in 2015. At present, it seems that the eolian transport of sand particle is minimal, because the dominant winds are the westerly winds which is not landward but seaward, and because the surface roughness length is about 0.5m which is similar to that in the deciduous forest.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2003

This study examined the coastal sand dune vegetation before and after the construction of an embankment on Anmado Island in order to compare vegetation in relation to the development of islands. A total of 24 species distributed on the sand dunes. 18 species were found to be in common before and after the construction of the embankment, which included Vitex rotundifolia, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Zoysia sinica, etc. The species which were not found in this survey included Rumex japonicus, Setaria viridis, Portulaca oleracea, Artemisia japonica, Poiygonum aviculare, etc, and new species included Arena fatua, Carex boottiana, Lycium chinense, Leonurus sibiricus, Torilis japonica, Solanum carolinense, etc. The washing away of sand brought about the changes in habitat and the increase in naturalized plants, which included Oenothera odorata, Lepidium apetalum, Bidens bipinnata, Erigeron canadensis, Datura stramonium, Xanthium strumarium, Arena fatua, Solanum carolinense etc. In addition, the disturbance to this habitat led to the changes in vegetation. The main plant communities in the surveyed site were classified as Vitex rotundifolia-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigil community, Zoysia sinica-Calystegia soldanella community and Messerschmidia sibirica community. The sand dune vegetation on Anmado Island changed with regard to the community and the composition of species after the construction of the embankment, due to the sand being severely eroded. While Vitex rotundifolia community and Commelina communis community were found before the construction of the embankment, they were replaced by Vitex rotundifolia-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Zoysia sinica-Calystegia soldanella community and Messerschmidia sibirica community, after the construction of the embankment.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

The characteristics and burial ages of sand sediments on the Jiduri coast in Daechung-myeon, Ongjin-gun, Incheon were investigated. Daecheong Island is the area where the characteristics of the rocky coast and sand coast are shown. Various studies have been conducted on the Okjukdong sand dune that appears in the north of the island. However, there has been no study on the sandy sedimentary topography of the Jiduri and Moraewul area in the south. The sandy sedimentary terrain of Jiduri is divided into sandy beaches, sand dunes and sand deposits along the slope including climbing dune. Overall, the depth of sandy sediments in Jiduri is not deep. The characteristics of sandy sediments and burial ages were investigated at an elevation of about 23 m above sea level at the back of Jiduli Beach and 46 m above sea level at the ridge line between Jiduri and Moraewol. From the Jiduri coast to the hillside behind, the average grain size decreases and the sorting becomes better as it moves from the intertidal zone to the beach and the foredune. This indicates the selective sand transport by the wind and can be judged by the terrain formed under the current sedimentation environment. The average grain size at the upper part of the section of JD-1 (elevation of about 23m MSL) was $1.6918{\varphi}$ of medium sand. The sorting was $0.4584{\varphi}$, skewness was -1.0491 and kurtosis was -1.2411, respectively. Particularly, the average particle size of the crosssection issomewhat uniform, but the color of the constituent material changes from brown to black. In the case of JD-2 (about 46 m MSL), the mean grain size of the section was $1.7943{\varphi}$, the sorting was 0.4931, the skewness was -1.1163, and the kurtosis was 1.2133. On the other hand, the brown and black layers of JD-1 exhibited a burial age of $0.1{\pm}0.0ka$ and the JD-2 had a burial age of $0.7{\pm}0.0ka$.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

This study examined the main factors affecting the distribution of Phytolacca americana, an exotic plant species in Korea, in coastal sand dunes. The areas examined from June 2004 to February 2006 were in Sindusagu where was located on Sindu-ri, Wonbuk-myen, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The vegetation, sediment properties, sizes and ages of Robinia pseudoacacia, P. americana and Pinus thnunbergii and spatial distribution of P. americana were assessed. Firstly, correlation coefficients (CC) between P. americana's root biomass and sediment properties were not significant. Secondly, of the four community types, P. americana was not in the mixed herbaceous community and its density was the highest in the P. thunbergii-R. pseudoacacia and R. pseudoacacia community The Poisson distribution analysis revealed the distribution of P. americana to be severely clumped. The root biomass of P. americana and the basal area of R. pseudoacacia were significantly correlated, but the CCs between P. thunbergii and other two species were not significant. The ages of P. americana and R. pseudoacacia in a quadrat were significantly correlated. Thirdly, P. americana's ages in a quadrat were mostly similar to each other. Therefore, the spatial distribution of P. americana was largely influenced by R. pseudoacacia but not by the sediment properties, and plants in a narrow area were concurrently germinated.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

In this study, we aimed to quantify the population size and spatial distribution of three predatory Scarites species in coastal sand dunes. In June and August 2014, 252 pitfall traps were utilized to conduct a trapping web analysis at three distinct sites with varying vegetation dominance values. Scarites sulcatus had the largest estimated population in a 10 m² area with a habitat density of 36.6 in a Vitex rotundifolia community area (site B) in the June survey. In contrast, Scarites aterrimus had the largest population size with a habitat density of 2.9 in a Calystegia soldanella community area (site A) in the August survey. Spatial distribution analysis revealed that S. sulcatus dominated the Vitex rotundifolia community without preference for a particular site, whereas S. aterrimus and Scarites terricola pacificus were primarily observed on the beach. The results indicated that the three Scarites species in the Sohwang coastal sand dune region exhibited differences in their spatial and temporal distributions in the coastal dune ecosystem in order to avoid competition and predation. In conclusion, our findings can be utilized to estimate the population density of the genus Scarites on the Korean Peninsula. The outcomes of this study will contribute to estimating insect population densities on the Korean Peninsula and developing investigative assessment methodologies.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.681-702
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• 2016

Two different modelling approaches to dune dynamics have been established thus far; continuous models that emphasize the precise representation of wind field, and feedback-based models that focus on the interactions between dunes, rather than aerodynamics. Though feedback-based models have proven their capability to capture the essence of dune dynamics, the compatibility issues on these models have less been addressed. This research investigated, mostly from the theoretical point of view, the algorithmic compatibility of three feedback-based dune models: sand slab models, Nishimori model, and de Castro model. Major findings are as follows. First, sand slab models and de Castro model are both compatible in terms of flux perspectives, whereas Nishimori model needs a tuning factor. Second, the algorithm of avalanching can be easily implemented via repetitive spatial smoothing, showing high compatibility between models. Finally, the wind shadow rule might not be a necessary component to reproduce dune patterns unlike the interpretation or assumption of previous studies. The wind shadow rule, rather, might be more important in understanding bedform-level interactions. Overall, three models show high compatibility between them, or seem to require relatively small modification, though more thorough investigation is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.375-391
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• 2015

Trees to arrest sand-shifting have been planted on most of coastal dunes in Korea and considered as conservative objects. However, we reconsider that the simplicity of these trees have hindered ecological roles of coastal dunes; geochemical cycle and habitats of endemic species in coastal ecosystem. We examined geochemical properties of sediments on Byunsuran dune field where is planted with pine trees. There are significant difference in properties between embryo dune sediments and foredune sediments, but there are not between foredune and secondary dune. There are no significant difference between pine forest sediments and mixed forest sediments. It is also not showed the difference between dune ridge sediments and swale sediments. Despite spatial diversity from appearance, geochemical properties are not linked with geomorphic and vegetational conditions because of dense planted trees on foredune. To recover natural properties of coastal dunes, we need to change the conservation scheme to increase geomorphic and ecological diversity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

This study conducted surveys to identify the distribution of communities and flora according to vegetation in the coastal sand dunes of Sagye in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, located at the southernmost tip of Korea. The survey was conducted over 20 sessions from April 2020 to October 2021. As a result of the study, physiognomy was classified into six correlated vegetation types: plant communities on the salt marsh, annual communities on a coastal drift-line, herb communities on a dune, shrub communities on a coastal dune, forest-edge communities on a dune, and artificial afforestation vegetation. The survey identified 43 communities, and a total of 212 taxa were found to be distributed among 62 families, 166 genera, 191 species, 15 varieties, 3 subspecies, and 3 forma. It was found that there were five rare plant taxa distributed in the area, including the Cymbidium macrorrhizum which was classified as an endangered Class II plant by the Ministry of Environment. Floristic target species identified by the surveys included 2 taxa for grade V, 5 taxa for grade IV, 15 taxa for grade III, 14 taxa for grade II, and 19 taxa for grade I. Climate-sensitive biological indicator species included 11 indicator and 2 candidate species, representing a high ratio of 33.3% of all indicator species and 15.4% of candidate species. Naturalized plants included 16 families, 43 genera, and 52 taxa, with a naturalization rate of 21.1% and an urbanization index of 24.5%. It is expected that these results will be widely used as data needed to prepare conservation and management measures for biodiversity in response to climate change in coastal dunes in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2006

We investigated the flora of Ui Island sand dunes, consisting of 142 taxa; 52 families, 108 genera, 124 species, 15 varieties, and 3 forms. The total plants of floral region that were identified were 16 taxa; Elymus mollis, Salsola collina, and Farfugium japonicum in Class III; Ischaemum anthephephoroides, Carex kobomugi, Glehnia littoralis, Messerschmidia sibirica, Machilus thunbergii, Elaeagnus macrophylla, and Aster spathulifolius in Class I . Naturalized plants were 11 taxa; 7 families, 10 genera and the naturalization degree was 7.8%. On the Donmok seaside area, the coverage rate was about $20%{\sim}25%$ in 2002, but this time it had increased to more than three times or $65%{\sim}75%$. Also, on the Sungchon seaside area, the coverage rate was about $15%{\sim}20%$ in 2002, but this time it was $70%{\sim}75%$ as a result of the rapid increase of Zoysia macrostachya and Carex kobomugi. Pungseong sand dune area showed a monotonous state in variety and number, because of the strong wind and repetition of sand income and outcome.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 1997

A large subtidal sand ridge (Jungang Satoe) in Asan Bay, on the west coast of Korea, was studied in order to understand the morphology and sediment transport trend in a macrotidal setting, by means of analyzing sediment samples, current data, side-scan sonographs and seismic profiles. The ridge is about 15 km long and 2-5 km wide, with a relief of about 15 m. It is elongated in the flow direction of flood (SE) and ebb (NW) tidal currents, but asymmetrical in cross section. The western and southwestern side of the ridge is characterized by relatively gentle slopes averaging 0.4$^{\circ}$, whereas on the northeastern side, relatively steep slopes were mapped with 1.6$^{\circ}$ slope angles. Tidal currents associated with the ridge are very strong; maximum surface velo-cities range from neap values of 50 cm/s to spring values of 130 cm/s. The shear velocities during flood and ebb are strong enough to erode and transport sands on the ridge. Sand waves and megaripples (dunes) are the most common bedforms produced by the tidal currents, which show regional differences in shape and size on the ridge. The distribution pattern of these bedforms in-dicates that the flood tidal currents are dominant on the offshore (northwest) side of the ridge, whereas the onsho.e (southeast) side of the ridge is ebb-dominated. The sand transport path as inferred from bedform orientations is directed toward the ridge crest on the flanks, whereas on the crest, it is near-longitudinal to the ridge axis. The convergent, upslope movement of sands on the ridge flanks appears to be important in sand ridge building and maintenance. A significant ridge migration toward the northeast can be suspected on the basis of the ridge morphology, which may cause offshore hazards for navigation.