• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.590-598
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• 2002

맥스웰방정식의 직접해인 FVTD(Finite Volume Time Domain)법을 이용하여, 저입사시의 불규칙 조면에서의 전자파 산란 문제를 수치해석 하였다. FVTD댑은 복잡한 구조의 전자파의 산란문제에 대해서 개발된 시간영역에 의한 수치해석법이며, 종래의 FDTD(Finite Difference Time Domain)법 보다 임의형태의 경계문제를 쉽게 다룰 수 있는 이점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 산란물체의 형태가 아주 복잡하고 정도를 문제삼을 경우 FVTD법에서는 셀 사이즈(cell size)를 충분히 세분화 할 필요가 있다. 그 경우 셀 사이즈에 의한 수치해의 수속성을 검토하고, 외삽법(extrapolation method)을 이용해서 간단하고 정확한 후방산란계수를 측정하는 방안을 제시했다. 더욱이 취급하는 편파의 상이를 특징짖는 레이다 단면적의 편파비에 대해서 입사각(grazing angle) 이 10도 이하의 해면 레이다의 실험결과와 비교하여, FVTD법의 수치계산 결과가 실측치와 잘 일치하는 결과를 제시했다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2011

본 연구는 낙동강 준설사업 중 발견된 폐기물의 종류, 매립량, 지정폐기물 여부 및 안정화 상태를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 발견된 폐기물의 정확한 분류는 향후 폐기물의 적정처리를 위해 필수적인 과정이다. 낙동강 중류지역 고수부지 내 굴착조사지점 159개 중 27곳에서 폐기물이 발견되었으며, 분석결과 이들 폐기물은 지정폐기물로 분류되지 않았다. 또한 60곳에서 점질토가 출토되었는데, 이들은 폐기물로 분류되지 않았고 일반토양과 같이 현장에서 재활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 일부 시료의 경우, 안정화되지 않고 유기물 분해가 일어나는 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2024

Although lakes are an important part of freshwater, research on biological methods for assessing ecological integrity of Korean lakes is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Lakes Benthic Macroinvertebrates Multi-Metric Index (LBMMI) to assess the ecological integrity of lakes in Korea to further understand Korean lake's ecosystem. We used biological data from 388 sampling units of national lake monitoring programs from 2022 to 2023 and water quality data from Water Environment Information System (WEIS). As a result, firstly, reference points and disturbed points were selected through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Secondly, six core metric elements (Pielou's Evenness index (J), Total number of taxa (To.t), Percent of taxa in insecta (% I.t), Percent of individuals in Oligochaeta and chironomidae(tuble) (% OliCht.i), Percent of taxa in Predator (% Pe.t), and Percent of taxa in Clingers (% CL.t) were selected through discriminant analysis and relationship-test. Lastly, LBMMI was calculated for each sampling point by scoring using core metric elements and five grades were assigned for LBMMI scores using a Beta probability distribution model, with the suitability of LBMMI reviewed by comparing it with TSI_KO. LBMMI developed in this study is expected to appropriately assess ecological integrity of Korean lakes and provide a basis for further research on lake environment conservation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권4C호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2005

산업, 의용, 교통, 사회의 각 분야에서 응용되고 있는 산업용 텔레비전(Industrial Television : ITV)을 사용하여 동영상의 실시간 자동처리 방법에 의한 고속도로 및 일반도로상의 교통류 및 차량의 속도를 계측하는 시스템과 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 영상 계측 시스템에서는 ITV에 의한 실시간 처리를 가능하게 하기 위하여, 화면의 전화소를 처리하는 대신에 화면상에 미리 설정한 비교적 소수의 샘플점의 휘도 정보만을 취급하는 프레임 그레버를 사용하고, 그 시스템으로 각종 동영상의 처리 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 통과 차량의 대수의 계측은 시간적인 정보를 활용하는 것으로, 차량의 대략적인 윤곽을 그린 다음 그 윤곽의 선두 부분을 인식하는 기법에 의해서 1레인뿐만 아니라 많은 레인에 걸친 통과 차량을 계측할 수 있는 특징을 가지고 있다. 실제로, ITV 영상을 이용하여 고속도로 및 일반도로상에서 도로의 횡단 방향에 하나의 샘플열을 설치하고, 계측 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 또한 이 기법을 이용하여, 통과차량에 대하여 일정거리를 둔 2개의 샘플점 열을 설치하구 윤곽처리를 한 다음, 그 윤곽의 프레임수와 거리를 이용하여 차량의 속도를 계측하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2005

산업, 의용, 교통, 사회의 각 분야에서 응용되고 있는 산업용 텔레비전(Industrial Television : ITV)을 사용하여 동영상의 실시간 자동처리 방법에 의한 고속도로 및 일반도로상의 교통류 및 차량의 속도를 계측하는 시스템과 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 영상 계측 시스템에서는 ITV에 의한 실시간 처리를 가능하게 하기 위하여, 화면의 전화소를 처리하는 대신에 화면상에 미리 설정한 비교적 소수의 샘플점의 휘도 정보만을 취급하는 프레임 그레버를 사용하고, 그 시스템으로 각종 동영상의 처리 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 통과 차량의 대수의 계측은 시간적인 정보를 활용하는 것으로, 차량의 대략적인 윤곽을 그린 다음 그 윤곽의 선두 부분을 인식하는 기법에 의해서 1레인 뿐만 아니라 많은 레인에 걸친 통과 차량을 계측할 수 있는 특징을 가지고 있다. 실제로, ITV 영상을 이용하여 고속도로 및 일반도로상에서 도로의 횡단 방향에 하나의 샘플열을 설치하고, 계측 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 또한 이 기법을 이용하여, 통과차량에 대하여 일정거리를 둔 2개의 샘플점 열을 설치하고, 윤곽처리를 한 다음, 그 윤곽의 프레임수와 거리를 이용하여 차량의 속도를 계측하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

Satellite cameras are calibrated before launch in detail and in general, but it cannot be guaranteed that the geometry is not changing during launch and caused by thermal influence of the sun in the orbit. Modem satellite imaging systems are based on CCD-line sensors. Because of the required high sampling rate the length of used CCD-lines is limited. For reaching a sufficient swath width, some CCD-lines are combined to a longer virtual CCD-line. The images generated by the individual CCD-lines do overlap slightly and so they can be shifted in x- and y-direction in relation to a chosen reference image just based on tie points. For the alignment and difference in scale, control points are required. The resulting virtual image has only negligible errors in areas with very large difference in height caused by the difference in the location of the projection centers. Color images can be related to the joint panchromatic scenes just based on tie points. Pan-sharpened images may show only small color shifts in very mountainous areas and for moving objects. The direct sensor orientation has to be calibrated based on control points. Discrepancies in horizontal shift can only be separated from attitude discrepancies with a good three-dimensional control point distribution. For such a calibration a program based on geometric reconstruction of the sensor orientation is required. The approximations by 3D-affine transformation or direct linear transformation (DL n cannot be used. These methods do have also disadvantages for standard sensor orientation. The image orientation by geometric reconstruction can be improved by self calibration with additional parameters for the analysis and compensation of remaining systematic effects for example caused by a not linear CCD-line. The determined sensor geometry can be used for the generation? of rational polynomial coefficients, describing the sensor geometry by relations of polynomials of the ground coordinates X, Y and Z.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2008

Seasonal variations in carbon dioxide in the air and soil organic carbon in the sediments were monitored at the constructed wetland formed by reclamation work at Goheung Bay. Sediment sampling in the constructed wetland and carbon dioxide measurement in the air were conducted on June 16 and August 23, 2007. Sediments in the constructed wetland were sampled at 11 different points (June 16) and 14 points (August 23), while carbon dioxide in the air was measured at 13 points (June 16) and 15 points (August 23). Water content and organic carbon in the sampled sediments were analyzed in the laboratory. Water content of the sediments was higher than that of general soil, and the variation between June and August was not evident. The amounts of organic carbons in the sediments sampled on August 23 were higher than those sampled on June 16. Also, there was more organic carbon in the sediments sampled at the field of reeds than in the pure wetland area. Daily maximum variation in carbon dioxide in the air was higher on June 16, but the amount of carbon dioxide in the air was greater on August 23. The results of the study suggest that organic carbon in the sediments and carbon dioxide in the air were greater in summer (August 23) than in spring season (June 16) in the constructed wetland at Goheung Bay.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

Experimental studies were performed to investigate speciation and leaching potential of heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Pb Zn, Ni) in ten sediment samples collected from Nakdong River. Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) and Simultaneously Extractable Metals (SEM) measurements were used to estimate heavy metals that can be leached under anaerobic conditions. Sequential Extraction Procedure (SEP) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) were used to characterize speciation and leaching potential of heavy metals under aerobic conditions. The results show that total concentrations of Cu, Zn and Ni were relatively high in the sediments from points Seongseo industrial complex stream (upper stream) (D), Seongseo industrial complex stream (midstream) (E), Dalseo stream (F), and Nakdong river estuary (J), and that Cd concentrations were higher in all sampling points except for Goriung Bridge (G) and Soosan Bridge (H). SEM and AVS analyses reveal that samples from points Ilsun Bridge (A), Namgumi Bridge (C), and Soosan Bridge (H) have potential of heavy metals leaching, although leachable concentrations are relatively low. The leaching potential of heavy metals in other points was low because of higher concentrations of AVS than SEM. SEP results show that more than 50% of Cu, Zn and Ni were present in residual fraction, which means these metals are less amenable to leaching in anaerobic conditions. On the other hand, more than 50% of Pb and Cd were extracted during the first through third step of the SEP, which means substantial fraction of these metals can be leached upon changing of redox conditions. TCLP tests predict that leaching potential of heavy metals was generally low, which is consistent with the results obtained by AVS and SEM measurements.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 1997

This study was investigated about preparation of ice at home and developing points which met consumer's demand that was focused on auto icemaker. According to purposive quota sampling method, residences in Seoul and Kyunggi-do area were selected and interviewed by trained interviewer at August 1995. The results were as follows: 66.3% of respondent usually prepared ice in ice-making container of refrigerator and used when they needed. 85% of them used ice in summer and seldomly used in other seasons. Boiling water with barley was major drinking water(45.6%), and broiled or purified tap water was used to make ice(38.6%) commonly. Numbers of ice-making container were two(66.0%). Above 50% of respondents replied that they felt off-flavor in ice usually. After felt off-flavor, 54.7% of respondent threw away the ice, some of them used off-flavored ice after treatment to washing with water. 64.9% of respondents thought that the origins of off-flavor was the flavor of refrigerator itself. The consumer's expectation of developing points were as follows. The most priority of developing points was to make ice quickly, the next was to develop auto ice maker and ice storage container, to make different size of ice. Less expected points were to make more clear ice and large volume of ice in one time. The recognition about auto ice maker was slightly low(35% of respondents), but 67% of them wanted to develop auto ice maker.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1041-1041
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• 2001

Removal of variability in spectra data before the application of chemometric modeling will generally result in simpler (and presumably more robust) models. Particularly for sparsely sampled data, such as typically encountered in diode array instruments, the use of Savitzky-Golay (S-G) derivatives offers an effective method to remove effects of shifting baselines and sloping or curving apparent baselines often observed with scattering samples. The application of these convolution functions is equivalent to fitting a selected polynomial to a number of points in the spectrum, usually 5 to 25 points. The value of the polynomial evaluated at its mid-point, or its derivative, is taken as the (smoothed) spectrum or its derivative at the mid-point of the wavelength window. The process is continued for successive windows along the spectrum. The original paper, published in 1964 [1] presented these convolution functions as integers to be used as multipliers for the spectral values at equal intervals in the window, with a normalization integer to divide the sum of the products, to determine the result for each point. Steinier et al. [2] published corrections to errors in the original presentation [1], and a vector formulation for obtaining the coefficients. The actual selection of the degree of polynomial and number of points in the window determines whether closely situated bands and shoulders are resolved in the derivatives. Furthermore, the actual noise reduction in the derivatives may be estimated from the square root of the sums of the coefficients, divided by the NORM value. A simple technique to evaluate the actual convolution factors employed in the calculation by the software will be presented. It has been found that some software packages do not properly account for the sampling interval of the spectral data (Equation Ⅶ in [1]). While this is not a problem in the construction and implementation of chemometric models, it may be noticed in comparing models at differing spectral resolutions. Also, the effects on parameters of PLS models of choosing various polynomials and numbers of points in the window will be presented.