• Title/Summary/Keyword: sample rotation

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Electromyographic Activity of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Shoulders With Anterior Instability (전방 불안정성 견관절에서 이두박근의 근전도 활동성)

  • Kim Seung-Ho;Ha Kwon-Ick;Kim Hyeon-Sook;Kim Seon-Woo;Park Jong Hyuk;Kim Young-Min
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2000
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of the biceps brachii muscle in the vulnerable abduction and external rotation position of the shoulder in patients with anterior instability. Materials and Methods: This experimental study include a prospective analysis of the electromyographic(EMG) data on a group of patients with traumatic unilateral anterior instability of the shoulder. The EMG data of unstable shoulders was compared with those of opposite shoulders as control. The optimal sample size for the case-control study was calculated using an nQuery Advisor program(nQuery Adviser 3.0, Statisticl solutions Ltd., Ireland). The EMG analyses were conducted in 76 shoulders in 38 patients who had a traumatic anterior instability in one shoulder. The EMG records were obtained at different position of shoulder, which included 0° , 45° , 90° and 120° of shoulder abduction. In each angle of shoulder abduction, the arms were placed in an external rotation as tolerated by the anterior apprehension. The paired-sample T test was used to compare the difference of the root mean square(RMS) voltages between the stable and unstable shoulders in each degree of arm position. Results : The RMS voltage of the biceps muscle was significantly greater in the unstable shoulder than opposite stable shoulder in all position of the arm(p<0.001). The RMS voltage of the biceps was maximal at 90° and 120° of external rotation in the unstable shoulder(p<0.05). The RMS voltage of the supraspinatus muscle revealed no differences in any of the test conditions(p=0.904, 0.506, 0.119 and 0.781 in 0° , 45° , 90° and 120° , respectively) Conclusion: In the vulnerable abduction and external rotation position, the biceps muscle plays an active compensatory role in the unstable shoulder while not in the stable shoulder.

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A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY ON SUB-GROUPINGS IN KOREAN CHILDREN WITH CLASS I MALOCCLUSIONS : A COUNTERPART ANALYSIS (Angle 1급 부정교합 아동의 안면두개골 형태의 유형적 특징에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jeong-Ok;Choi, Yeong-Chul
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.172-184
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    • 1999
  • The present study was performed to identify morphologic sub-groupings in Korean children with Class I malocclusions, and to find out anatomic differences between the sub-groups. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of 152 Korean children, aged between 6 and 12 years, with Class I malocclusions were analyzed by the Counterpart Analysis. A statistical method, Ward's Minimum Variance Cluster Analysis, was employed to divide the sample into sub-groups those with similar morphologic characteristics. The results were as follows; 1. There appeared two facial types, Type I and Type II, in Korean children with Class I malocclusions, 48.7% and 51.3%, respectively. 2. In both sub-groups, there existed strong Class III skeletal patterns due to a counterclockwise rotation of the Middle Cranial Fossa alignment, and strong Class II skeletal patterns due to the long Posterior Maxillary vertical dimension and a clockwise rotation of the Ramus alignment. 3. There were no significant differences in Upper Anterior Facial Height between Type I and Type II, $52.6{\pm}2.92mm\;and\;52.8{\pm}3.23mm$, respectively. 4. The Lower Anterior Facial Height in Type II was longer ($66.0{\pm}4.03mm$) due to the long Posterior Maxillary vertical dimension, the clockwise rotation of the Ramus alignment, and a clockwise rotation of the Mandibular plane alignment than that of Type I ($64.2{\pm}4.15mm$).

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A Novel Implementation of Rotation Detection Algorithm using a Polar Representation of Extreme Contour Point based on Sobel Edge

  • Han, Dong-Seok;Kim, Hi-Seok
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.800-807
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    • 2016
  • We propose a fast algorithm using Extreme Contour Point (ECP) to detect the angle of rotated images, is implemented by rotation feature of one covered frame image that can be applied to correct the rotated images like in image processing for real time applications, while CORDIC is inefficient to calculate various points like high definition image since it is only possible to detect rotated angle between one point and the other point. The two advantages of this algorithm, namely compatibility to images in preprocessing by using Sobel edge process for pattern recognition. While the other one is its simplicity for rotated angle detection with cyclic shift of two $1{\times}n$ matrix set without complexity in calculation compared with CORDIC algorithm. In ECP, the edge features of the sample image of gray scale were determined using the Sobel Edge Process. Then, it was subjected to binary code conversion of 0 or 1 with circular boundary to constitute the rotation in invariant conditions. The results were extracted to extreme points of the binary image. Its components expressed not just only the features of angle ${\theta}$ but also the square of radius $r^2$ from the origin of the image. The detected angle of this algorithm is limited only to an angle below 10 degrees but it is appropriate for real time application because it can process a 200 degree with an assumption 20 frames per second. ECP algorithm has an O ($n^2$) in Big O notation that improves the execution time about 7 times the performance if CORDIC algorithm is used.

Assessment on Water Movement in Paddy-Upland Rotation Soil Scheduled for Ginseng Cultivation (답전윤환 인삼재배 예정지 토양의 물 이동특성 평가)

  • Hur, Seung-Oh;Lee, Yun-Jeong;Yeon, Byung-Ryul;Jeon, Sang-Ho;Ha, Sang-Geon;Kim, Jeong-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.204-209
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to assess water movement in paddy-upland rotation soil scheduled for ginseng cultivation through the measurement of infiltration and permeability of soil water. Soil sample was divided with four soil layers. The first soil layer (to 30cm from top soil) was loamy sand, the second and the third soil layers (30$\sim$70 ㎝) were sand, and the fourth (< 120 ㎝) was sandy loam. The soil below 130 ㎝ of fourth soil layer was submerged under water. The shear strength, which represents the resisting power of soil against external force, was 3.1 kPa in the first soil layer. This corresponded to 1/8 of those of another soil layer and this value could result in soil erosion by small amount of rainfall. The rates of infiltration and permeability depending on soil layers were 39.86 cm $hr^{-1}$ in top soil, 2.34 cm $hr^{-1}$ in 30$\sim$70 ㎝ soil layer, 5.23 cm $hr^{-1}$ and 0.18 cm $hr^{-1}$ in 70$\sim$120 ㎝ soil layer, with drain tile, and without drain tile, respectively. We consider that ground water pooled in paddy soil and artificial formation of soil layer could interrupt water canal within soil and affect negatively on water movement. Therefore, we suggest that to drain at 5 m intervals be preferable when it makes soil dressing or soil accumulation to cultivate ginseng in paddy-upland rotation soil to reduce failure risk of ginseng cultivation.

Microstructural Evolution of Cu-15 wt%Ag Composites Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (등통로각압축공정을 이용하여 제조된 Cu-15 wt%Ag 복합재의 미세구조)

  • Lee, In Ho;Hong, Sun Ig;Lee, Kap Ho
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.50 no.12
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    • pp.931-937
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    • 2012
  • The microstructure of Cu-15 wt%Ag composites fabricated by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with intermediate heat treatment at $320^{\circ}C$ was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. Ag precipitates with a thickness of 20-40 nm were observed in the eutectic region of the Cu-15 wt%Ag composite solution treated at $700^{\circ}C$ before ECAP. The Cu matrix and Ag precipitates had a cube on cube orientation relationship. ECAPed composites exhibited ultrafine-grained microstructures with the shape and distribution dependent on the processing routes. For route A in which the sample was pressed without rotation between each pass, the Cu and Ag grains were elongated along the shear direction and many micro-twins were observed in elongated Cu grains as well as in Ag filaments. The steps were observed on coherent twin boundaries in Cu grains. For route Bc in which the sample was rotated by 90 degrees after each pass, a subgrain structure with misorientation of 2-4 degree by fragmentation of the large Cu grains were observed. For route C in which the sample was rotated by 180 degrees after each pass, the microstructure was similar to that of the route A sample. However, the thickness of the elongated grains along the shear direction was wider than that of the route A sample and the twin density was lower than the route A sample. It was found that more microtwins were formed in ECAPed Cu-15 wt%Ag than in the drawn sample. Grain boundaries were observed in relatively thick and long Ag filaments in Cu-15 wt%Ag ECAPed by route C, indicating the multi-crystalline nature of Ag filaments.

A Numerical Study of the Effect of Casting Temperature and Rotational Frequency of Mold on the Functionally Graded Microstructure in Centrifugal Casting of Hyper-eutectic Al-Si Alloy (과공정 Al-Si합금의 원심주조시 용탕온도와 금형회전수가 경사기능 조직에 미치는 영향에 대한 해석적 고찰)

  • Park, Jeong-Wook;Kim, Heon-Joo
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 2009
  • Functionally graded microstructure of centrifugal cast Al-Si alloy, especially distribution of primary Si particles according to the changes of melt pouring temperature and rotation frequency was investigated by numerical simulation. Moving velocity of Si particles increased as the melt pouring temperature and rotational frequency of mold increased. Therefore, segregation tendency of primary Si particles toward inner side of cylindrical sample increased as the melt pouring temperature and rotational frequency of mold increased. Rich distribution region of particles was located at 0.9, 0.7, 0.4 mm from inner surface of cylindrical sample under the centrifugal cast condition of $750^{\circ}C$ melt pouring temperature and 1500, 2000 and 2500 rpm mold rotational frequencies, respectively, by numerical simulation.

Anthropometry for Clothing Construction and the Factorial Structure Analysis (II) (피복구성학적 인체계측과 요인구조분석 (II) - 여자고교생을 중심으로 -)

  • 김구자
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 1982
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the 45 measuring items for the clothing construction in order to observe the factorial structure of items and to extract the common factor and the special unique factor from data. The sample for the study was drawn randomly out of senior high schoolgirls in Seoul urban area. The size of sample was 301 girls between age 16 and 18. The method of analysis was applied by the principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation after extraction of 9 major factors. All of the above data was analyzed by the computer installed at Seoul National University. From these analyses, the major findings can be summerized as follows: 1. The results of factor analysis generally indicated that the first factor was clustered with 15 items, length measures and height measures. The eigenvalue of the first factor was 16.5 and the cumulative percentage of variables 36.6%. 2. The second factor was clustered with width measures, girth measures and weight of 19 items. The eigenvalue of the second factor was 6.5 and the cumulative percentage of variables 51.0%.

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CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (측두 하악관절의 기능적 변화가 있는 환자의 측모두부방사선 계측학적 연구)

  • Kwon, Byung-In;Baik, Hyoung-Seon
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.22 no.3 s.38
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    • pp.703-713
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    • 1992
  • Researches in pathologic entities and syndromes that describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or TMJ-related pain and dysfunction, have been hampered by confusion and conflict over the pathogenesis of myofascial and joint pain, the character and causes of joint noises, and the lack of scientific methods. Investigators have more recently correlated clinical diagnosis and arthrographic and surgical findings to demonstrate 'internal derangements' of the TMJ. It is thought that the structural and functional changes characteristic of internal derangements constitute the principal pathologic entity of the TMJ. Cephalometric data from a group of 34 subjects with documented functional changes in the TMJ were compared with those of a group of 35 subjects from a control sample. The results were as follows: 1. Comparison of a group which shows Class I relationship, there was a tendency to show clock-wise rotation of mandible and linguoversion of upper and lower anterior teeth in the experimental sample. 2. Excluding the vertical relationship, there was a tendency to show low values of the lingual surface slope of the upper central incisor and high values of the interincisor angle in the experimental sample.

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Ferroelastic Domain and Refractive Property of $Gd_{2}(MoO_{4})_{3}$ Single Crystal ($Gd_{2}(MoO_{4})_{3}$ 단결정의 강탄성구역과 굴절률특성)

  • Son, Jong-Yoon;Lee, Chan-Ku;Lee, Su-Dae;Kim, Jae-Hyung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2002.05b
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    • pp.98-102
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    • 2002
  • We investigated domains and conoscope under the polarizing microscope and the index of refraction on the c-plate GMO which has the ferroelectric and ferroelastic phase at room temperature. To observed the change of refractive index in connection with domain, we developed an apparatus to obtain the refractive index by measuring the Brewster's angle. The resolution of the minimum rotation angle of this apparatus is $0.001^{\circ}$. To obtain the refractive index map on the sample, the moving distance of XY stage loaded sample holder is 60 mm and the minimum moving distance is 0.002 mm. Also, To obtain the indicatrix for single crystal, vertical turntable with sample holder and XY stage was loading on horizontal turntable. The minimum resolution angle of this vertical turntable is $0.001^{\circ}$. We measured the refractive index of transparent materials such as ferroelectrics. In the case of $Gd_{2}(MoO_{4})_{3}$, the Brewster angle is $62.11^{\circ}$ and then, the refractive index is 1.8895 by using He-Ne Laser. Also the refractive distribution of c-plate GMO was obtained with $400{\mu}m{\times}120{\mu}m$.

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The $M_{BH}-sigma_*$ relation of local active galaxies

  • Kang, Wol-Rang;Woo, Jong-Hak;Riechers, Dominik
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.46.2-46.2
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    • 2012
  • The black hole mass-stellar velocity dispersion ($M_{BH}-{\sigma}_*$) relation observed in the present-day universe has motivated numerous studies on the black hole-galaxy co-evolution. It is crucial to define the$M_{BH}-{\sigma}_*$ local active galaxies since cosmic evolution of the correlations is calibrated based on the local relation. However, stellar velocity dispersion is difficult to measure in active galaxies due to much higher AGN continuum than stellar pseudo-continuum, resulting in a small sample with reliable velocity dispersion measurements for studying the AGN $M_{BH}-{\sigma}_*$ relation. To increase the sample size and improve the measurements, we obtained high S/N near-IR spectra for 3 local AGNs, i.e., NGC 3227, Akn 120, 3C 390.3, for which reverberation black hole masses are measured, using the TripleSpec at the Palomar 5-m Telescope. By investigating aperture effect and correcting for rotation component, we determine the luminosity-weighted ${\sigma}_*$, based on the spatially resolved kinematics and compare them with optical measurements from literature. Combining our new measurements with literature data, we present an improved $M_{BH}-{\sigma}_*$ relation for the enlarged sample of reverberation-mapped AGNs.

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