• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1255-1264
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 3-week somatosensory stimulation program on the integrity of the somatosensory pathway of patients with brain damage. Method: The sample consisted of two groups of patients with brain damage matched by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and age:8 patients with a mean age of 56.75 years who were treated with somatosensory stimulation, and 8 patients with a mean age of 58.88 years, who were not treated with sensory intervention program. A repeated measures matched-control group design was used to assess functional recovery of the brain. The instrument used in this study was SSEP (somatosensory evoked potentials), a neurophysiological parameter, for the integrity of the somatosensory pathway. Results: The hypothesis that patients with brain damage who were treated with the somatosensory stimulation program will show higher SSEP wave form scores than the non-treatment group was supported (3rd week.: U=13.000, p=.014). Additional repeated measures analysis showed that there were no significant differences in recovery trends between the groups (F=1.945, p=.159). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a somatosensory stimulation program is effective in promoting recovery of the integrity of the somatosensory pathway of patients with brain damage.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 1988

The solvent separation step in the conventional method for quantitative analysis of ginsenosides was substituted by purification through a small reverse-phase $C_18$-column resulting in the decrease of analysis time by one fourth. New method showed high recovery of total ginsenosides but low recovery in protopanaxatriol-ginsenosides. Sugars did not affect the recovery by the amount in usual root sample. Coefficient of variation in recovery of ginsenosides was lower in the rapid minicolumn method. Optimum load of ginsenosides to minicolumn was 10 to 15 mg. The rapid minicolumn method showed highly significant correlation with the solvent separation method for dried root and red ginseng. For the rapid minicolumn method a small acryl device was used for the simultaneous extraction of 8 samples. This method appeared to be beneficial in cost and for the health of analyst.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.321-327
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• 2006

This interlaboratory study was designed to evaluate protozoan test methods in water and to predict the major causes of deviation of the methods. Each of four laboratories with previous experience of protozoa analysis in water participated, and met the initial performance criteria of EPA 1623 method provided. The protozoan analysis procedure consists of filtrations, concentration, immunomagnetic separation, dyeing (staining) and counting with observation. We tested three different filtration equipments: capsule filter for 10 L of surface water, and high volume (HV) capsule filter and membrane filter for 100 L of finished water. When the recovery of each step of the procedure was evaluated with EasySeed, the commercial stock of each 100 Cryptosporidium and Giardia, immunomagnetic separation and filtration step were the most crucial steps affecting the stability of the recovery, especially for Cryptosporidium. There was no significant difference of recovery among the filtration methods. Recovery of protozoa from source water were evaluated with spiked EasySeed as matrix tests. The recoveries of Giardia increased significantly in the matrix tests compared those in the deionized water. We also applied red stained mixture stocks of Cryptosporidium and Giardia called ColorSeed as internal standards of water sample tests. The recoveries of both EasySeed and ColorSeed in samples tested were within the range of the criteria, however, the Giardia recoveries using ColorSeed decreased significantly. Further optimization study with ColorSeed will be necessary, considering the convenience of using the internal standard without additional sample analysis. The significant factors of the recovery variation were identified as the differences of laboratories as well as water quality and type of the stock for spiking. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the quality assurance program for protozoan analysis lab in water.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between postpartum care performance and postpartum health status. Sample: The study subjects were 82 mothers who delivered full-term infants at 3 hospitals at P city. Data were collected for their health status at the postpartum unit and the sample was followed up to 6 weeks postpartum to collect postpartum care performance and health status. Results: Mothers rated postpartum care performance as moderate to high and especially rated the maternal role attainment the highest. Mothers experienced 4 physical symptoms and moderate levels of fatigue. In addition, they experienced moderate levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect at both times. Canonical correlation revealed that ostpartum care performance was related to postpartum health status with 2 significant canonical variables. The first variate indicated that mothers who performed hospitality, physical and emotional recovery, self-caring, and role attainment well showed higher positive affects, lower negative affects, fewer physical symptoms, and lower levels of fatigue. The second variate showed that the greater the performance of caring and physical and emotional recovery, the fewer physical symptoms and lower levels of fatigue. Conclusion: Although Korean traditional postpartum care performance was related to postpartum health status, the further study is needed to identify the causal relationship between them. Nurses need to integrate the perspective of westernized postpartum care and Korean traditional views of postpartum approach to maintain and promote women's health.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 1997

We collected airborne complex mixtures in a industrial area of Yeochun, and examined whether these complex mixtures could affect gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in a cultured WBF-344 rat liver epithelial cells (LEC). Since the reduction of GJIC plays an important role in chemical carcinogenesis, measurement of changes of GJIC is a meaningful method to screen carcinogenicity of these mixtures. High and low volume samples were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tested. Blank filter extractions were also examined for exclud-ing possible toxicity of filter itself, and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and DMSO were used as positive and negative control, respectively. When the cells were exposed to samples at concentration below that required to maintain rather than 85% cell viability based on the result of neutral red uptake assay, maximal inhibition of GJIC was observed at 1hr after treatment with both high and low volume samples by scrape-loading dye transfer assay. In fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay, recovery rates via gap junctions were 33%/min in high volume sample and 62%/min in low volume sample. In together, airborne samples collected in Yeochun inhibited GJIC in a cultured WBF-344 rat LEC. These results suggest airborne samples tested in this experiment may attribute to cause a certain type and degree of cancers in in vivo when exposured for some periods.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.195-214
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• 2016

Monitoring of impact loads is a very important technique in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). However, in most cases it is not possible to measure impact events directly, so they need to be reconstructed. Impact load reconstruction refers to the problem of estimating an input to a dynamic system when the system output and the impulse response function are usually known. Generally this leads to a so called ill-posed inverse problem. It is reasonable to use prior knowledge of the force in order to develop more suitable reconstruction strategies and to increase accuracy. An impact event is characterized by a short time duration and a spatial concentration. Moreover the force time history of an impact has a specific shape, which also can be taken into account. In this contribution these properties of the external force are employed to create a sample-force-dictionary and thus to transform the ill-posed problem into a sparse recovery task. The sparse solution is acquired by solving a minimization problem known as basis pursuit denoising (BPDN). The reconstruction approach shown here is capable to estimate simultaneously the magnitude of the impact and the impact location, with a minimum number of accelerometers. The possibility of reconstructing the impact based on a noisy output signal is first demonstrated with simulated measurements of a simple beam structure. Then an experimental investigation of a real beam is performed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 1991

As chromium in urine remains as oxychromic acid ions, chromium was extracted by using ion pair formed by anion exchanger trioctylamine. then after it is noted whether this TOA-MIBK method is effective or not for the chromium analysis by using flame method of Atomic absorption Spectrophotometric Analysis. The result is as following. 1. Effects of various acids on the extraction of Cr with MIBK including TOA are good in order $NHO_3$, $H_2SO_4$, HCl in distilled water sample and its proper concentration of HCl is 0.2 N. 2. For the analysis of urine sample, the best result can be achieved by following condition. After finished pretreatment adjusted to pH 6.5-7.5 by NaOH and again controlled pH 0.5-0.6 by HCl. 3. Though TOA concentration slightly affects the analytic value, best result is noted in 1-3% concentration. 4. Recovery rates of urine samples made by $0.3mg/l{\cdot}urine$, $0.6mg/l{\cdot}urine$, $0.9mg/l{\cdot}urine$ are shown from 96.7% to 104.8%. 5. Recovery rates of urine samples made by $0.01mg/l{\cdot}urine$, $10.03mg/{\cdot}urine$, $0.05mg/l{\cdot}urine$ are shown from 89.3% to 98.6%.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.352-356
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• 2008

An analytical method has been developed for measuring chlorostyrenes in fish tissue sample. Extraction of chlorostyrenes from fish tissue was carried out by ultrasonication using acetone/n-hexane (5:2, v/v) mixture. Most of the lipids in the extract were eliminated by freezing-lipid filtration, prior to solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup. During freezing-lipid filtration, about 90% of the lipids extracted from the fish samples were easily removed without any significant losses of chlorostyrenes. For purification, SPE using Florisil was used for the rapid and effective cleanup. Quantification was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. Spiking experiments were carried out to determine the recovery, precision, and limits of detection (LODs) of the method. The overall recovery was above 80% in the spiked fish tissue sample at 10 and 100 ng/g levels, respectively. The detection limits for chlorostyrenes were ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 ng/g. This developed method is demonstrated to give efficient recoveries and LODs for detecting chlorostyrenes spiked into fish tissue with high lipid content.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

An analytical method based on solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry has been developed for measurement of acaricides (amitraz, bromopropylate, coumaphos, cymiazole, and tetradifon) in honey sample. In the stability test of acaricides in honey, amitraz underwent a rapid degradation into 2,4-dimethylaniline (DMA), 2,4-dimethylphenylformamide (DMPF), and N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N'-methylformamidine (DMPMF), whileas other acaricides were found to be stable even for over three months. Extraction of five acaricides from 5g of honey sample was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using 20mL of ethylacetate. For purification, Florisil-SPE cartridge with elution of 5mL of n-hexane/ acetone (55:45, v/v) was found to remove interferences effectively. Quantification was performed using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. Spiking experiments were carried out to determine the recovery, precision, and limits of detection (LODs) of the method. The overall recovery values from honey spiked at 0.02 and 0.20 ${\mu}g/g$ levels, respectively, were found to be greater than 75% for all acaricides. The method detection limits for acaricides were ranged from 0.1 to 3 ppb. The developed method in this study was applied for the monitoring of acaricides in honey products collected from urban markets in Korea.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2006

Objectives : We performed this study in order to investigate the effects of Sedang-hwan(世糖丸) on the diabetes mellitus. Methods : We injected a vein with 65mg/kg of streptozotocin(STZ) on the rats. And then administered Sedang-hwan; 18.7mg/kg/day to sample groups and observed the weight and glucose level, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, albumin, T-protein, BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen) and creatinine in blood. Results : 1. The sample groups showed a high suppressive effect of weight loss(P=0.002). 2. The sample groups' glucose level showed a effective in lowering level(P=0.001). 3. The sample groups showed a higher insulin level than control groups. 4. The sample groups showed a higher C-peptide level than control groups(P=0.001). 5. The sample groups' triglyceride level showed a effective in lowering level. 6. The sample groups showed a higher HDL-cholesterol level than control groups(P<0.001). 7. The sample groups showed a higher T-protein level than control groups(P=0.04). 8. The sample groups showed a higher albumin level than control groups(P<0.001). 9. The sample groups' creatinine level showed a effective in lowering level(P=0.04). 10. The sample groups' BUN level showed a effective in lowering level(P=0.03). Conclusions : Conclusively, Sedang-hwan was recognized to have decrease effect of serum glucose, triglyceride, creatinine, BUN of the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. It was suggested that Sedang-hwan can be used for effective diabetes mellitus medical treatment. It is also required to study further about detailed principles of blood-sugar dropping effect by Sedang-hwan, and recovery by diabetes mellitus.