• Title/Summary/Keyword: salt-fog

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Effect of Filler and Additive on Performance of Cycloalipatic Epoxy Used for Outdoor Insulators (Cycloaliphatic계 에폭시 절연재료의 옥외성능에 미치는 충전재 및 첨가물의 영향)

  • 연복희;박충렬;허창수;심대섭
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2002
  • This paper reports on the results of weathering test, tracking test and salt-fog test of various kinds of cycloaliphatic epoxy systems. UV irradiation dramatically induced the loss of surface hydrophobicity due to the chain scission attack at the surface under UV irradiation. It could be seen that samples containing an UV absorbent/antioxidant and a silicone oil additive have a good performance in weathering test, while ATH(alumina tri-hydrate) filled ones have high resistance against tracking failure than others. Under salt fog chamber test, specimens mixed with silicone oil are able to suppress leakage current development. It was thought that silicone oil mixed into cycloaliphatic epoxy system could lead to lower the surface energy and to retain hydrophobic properties for a long time, which are desirable for outdoor use.

A Surface Aging Characteristics of Silicone Rubber by Boiling in Salt Water (Salt Water Boiling에 의한 Silicone Rubber의 표면열화특성)

  • Han, S.I.;Yu, S.D.;Lee, B.S.;Yoon, J.Y.;Park, K.S.;Han, S.O.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1997.07d
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    • pp.1497-1499
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    • 1997
  • This paper dealt with the surface aging characteristics of silicone rubber used as the surface material of outdoor polymer insulators under accelerated aging condition. There are many aging factors in natural environment. In this paper, the silicone rubber were accelerated to evaluate their performance against salt fog, that is, they were dipped in pure water and salt water under boiling condition. Then, contact angle and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) were used to estimate surface hydrophobicity, and dielectric loss($tan{\delta}$) and surface leakage current were measured to observe the electrical characteristics.

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The Change of the Cyclic Aging Characteristics under Salt-fog/Heating on Silicone Rubber by ATH Additions (ATH 첨가에 의한 실리콘 고무의 염무/열 반복열화 특성 변화)

  • Lee, Chung;Kim, Ki-Yup;Kim, Gyu-Baek;Ryu, Boo-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.20 no.3 s.71
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    • pp.58-63
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    • 2005
  • In this research, silicone rubber with additions of inorganic filler, alumina trihydrate$(Al(OH)_3\;:\;ATH)$, was aged acceleratedly and cyclically by the salt-fog and heating. The optimum amount of ATH addition to silicone rubber have been investigated by measurements of leakage current in the change of electrical properties and tensile strength, %elongation in mechanical properties and FT-IR, TG, SEM in the change of the chemical properties. With regard to un-aged silicone rubber, as the ATH addition amount increases, conductive path formation time was shortened in the electrical properties and tensile strength was increased, %elongation was decreased. In case of identical ATH addition amount, as cyclic aging increases, surface resistivity, tensile strength and %elongation were decreased. Considering the cyclic aging, the most effective amount of ATH addition was about 90phr.

The Development Plan of Salt Contamination Map Using GIS (지리정보 시스템을 이용한 전국 염해 오손도 구축 방안)

  • Kang, Yeon-Woog;Kwak, Joo-Sik;Shim, Eung-Bo;Yoo, Chol-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2001.11b
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    • pp.377-379
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    • 2001
  • Contamination flashover is responsible for insulator electrical failures. Particularly, in Korea, with its perennially dry spring, the first spring rain often cause serious line outages by forming a conductive liquid film on the insulator surface. Rainwater and fog are not normally conductive but unfortunately atmospheric dust deposited on the insulator surface contains soluble salts which may lead to bad condition of insulation by combining watery and salts. Transmission design engineers have used a contamination map drawn on the traditional paper map. But it is not convenient because it does not include the information of Geographic Information accurately. This paper explains the newly developed salt contamination map program using Geographic Information System, which provide accurate geographic information. The program is designed to use four parts of datum, salt contamination levels, 345kV & 154 kV transmission lines, power plants & substations and background map. The digital background map is composed of raster files, the others are done by vector map.

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Spectral Sensitization and Photographic Characteristics of 9-Phenyl-5,5'-Diphenyl-3,3'-Bis(3-sulfopropyl)Benzoxazolo Carbocyanine Triethyl Ammonium Set (9-Phenyl-5,5'-Diphenyl-3,3'-Bis(3-sulfopropyl)Benzoxazolo Carbocyanine Triethyl Ammonium Salt의 분광증감과 사진특성)

  • Kim, Yeoung-Chan
    • The Journal of Information Technology
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we describe a study on the relationship between spectral sensitization and photographic characteristics of color paper. The photographic emulsion used in this study is a green-sensitizing emulsion. U.V maximum absorption peak value of 9-phenyl-5,5'-diphenyl-3,3'-bis(3-sulfopropyl)benzoxazolo carbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt was observed 507nm, and wedge spectrograms maximum peak value of color paper added dye to photographic emulsion was shown 553nm. As compared with the absorption peak of the dye in methanol solution, the sensitizing peaks of 9-phenyl-5,5'-diphenyl-3,3'-bis(3-sulfopropyl)benzoxazolo carbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt have red shifts of 46nm. The photographic characteristics of green-sensitizing emulsion were obtained contrast(2.6), speed(48-57), fog(0.08). Therefore, benzoxazolo carbocyanine dye is of industrial importance as green-sensitizing dye in the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

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Harmonics Analysis of Leakage Current due to Artificial Contamination of Distribution Arresters (배전용 피뢰기의 인공오손에 의한 누설전류의 고조파 분석)

  • Park, Jae-Jun
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.61 no.9
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    • pp.1306-1313
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    • 2012
  • This paper reports the contamination performance of two distribution arresters (new and used ones) tested under three different contaminant conditions - clean fog, ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density) level (A, B, C, and D), and kaolin contamination conditions, and their leakage current, total leakage current, and component of the resistive leakage current were measured in order to diagnose arrester deterioration. The 3rd harmonics was larger than 5th and 7th ones for the arrester under the clean fog, and as the ESDD contamination level was applied, 5th one became relatively larger than 3rd one. Therefore, these results indicated that the resistive leakage current could be used for the diagnosis of the arresters.

A Study on the Surface Aging of polymer Insulating Materials Under Salt-Fog Condition (염무 조건에서의 고분자 절연재료의 표면 노화특성에 관한 연구)

  • Huh, Chang-Su;Park, Sang-Durk
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1995.07c
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    • pp.1039-1041
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    • 1995
  • This paper describes the performance of the widely used polymeric insulating material for outdoor insulation. Various methods to describe the surface aging of polymer materials such as the peak and average of the leakage current, the cumulative charge, the weight loss have been investigated. The relationship between surface current, time are plotted and discussed.

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Spectral Sensitization and Photographic Characteristics of 9-Phenyl-3,3'-Bis(3-Sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-Naphthothiazolo Carbocyanine Triethyl Ammonium Salt

  • Kim, Yeoung-Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.366-371
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, it was studied about the red-sensitive layer. UV-Vis data of the dye at monomeric and J-state were considered with respect to their performance(contrast, speed, density and fog) in photographic emulsion. The sensitizing effect of the dye is found to be strongly structure-dependent. Naphthctbiazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as red sensitizing dye for the spectral sensitization of photographic emulsion.

Degradation Characteristics of RTV Silicone Rubber by environmental Factors (환경 인자에 의한 RTV 실리콘 고무의 열화 특성)

  • Cho, Hyun-Wook;Huh, Chang-Suh
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1998.11c
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    • pp.866-868
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    • 1998
  • Room temperature vulcanizing(RTV)silicone rubber has been widely used to coat porcelain insulators to render water repellency to prevent formation of water filming on the surface and thus to suppress the leakage current and consequent flashover. However, the electrical property and its hydrophobicity of RTV silicone rubber coating under outdoor conditions may be influenced by many environmental factors. In this study various treatments, such as salt-fog, salt water immerging and UV irradiation were applied to samples for investigation the change of the electrical property and hydrophobicity. As a result the leakage current increased and contact angle decreased as the degradation time longer. But the degraded RTV silicone rubber has recovered its hydrophobicity during the drying time in ambient condition because LMW(Low Molecular Weight)silicone fluid diffused from the bulk to the surface.

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The Effects of Environmental Factors on Degradation and Hydrophobicity Recovery Characteristics in RTV Silicone Rubber (RTV 실리콘 고무의 열화 및 발수성 회복 특성에 미치는 환경인자의 영향)

  • Heo, Chang-Su;Yeon, Bok-Hui;Jo, Hyeon-Uk;Hwang, Myeong-Geun
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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    • v.48 no.6
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    • pp.462-468
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    • 1999
  • Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber has been widely used to coat porcelain insulators to render water repellency to prevent formation of water film on the surface and thus to suppress the leakage current and consequently flashover. However, the electrical property and the hydrophobicity of RTV silicone rubber coating under outdoor condition may be influenced by many environmental factors. In this studyvarious treatments, such as salt-fog, salt water immerging and UV irradiation were applied to the samples to investigate the change of the electrical property and hydrophobicity. As a result the leakage current increased and contact angle decreased asthe degradation time is longer. But the degraded RTV silicone rubber has recovered its hydrophobicity during the drying time in ambient condition because LMW(Low Molecular Weight) silicone fluid diffused from the bulk to the surface.

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