• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Salicornia europaea (glasswort) is succulent, annual, halophytic plant mainly distributed throughout reclaimed land or salt marsh. It has strong tolerance to salt so that it plays the part of the pioneer species in the first succession. According to domestic and foreign studies, S. europaea contains plenty of minerals and antioxidant in the body. Since people take note of an availableness of this plant as health diet, the natural growth sites are threatened. In addition to development of salt marsh and sea shore, imprudent harvest has a bad effect to S. europaea population maintenance. To seek ways to preserve the population of this plant, we carried out the continuity of seed germination and restoration test. Seokmo Island, Daebu Island, Youngjong Island and Sudokwon landfill in Korea are selected sites for research. Result of germination continuity shows that most S. europaea seeds germinate on March but no more after July. However the germination was occurred after that time in the greenhouse. So we concluded that no germination after July is a matter of environmental condition not the number of remaining seeds. Also germination was seldom occurred in the spot where seeds production was not happened. In result of continuity test of seed germination by soil depth, germination was occurred vigorously only in top soil. From these results, we note that most S. europaea germinate in the early spring, and germination is finished by July. And this rapid germination speed makes the number of seeds in soil seed bank rare. If a large number of S. europaea in some area are harvested after July, the number of this species will dramatically decrease in that area the following year. In Seokmo Island, we carried out reintroduction experiment by sowing S. europaea seeds. On the first year, a small number of S. europaea settled and they produced seeds successfully. On April 2010, the second year, we observed many S. europaea in seed sowing sites. And we found out that plowing is more efficient than treatment sea water for settlement of S. europaea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 2002

Fifteen crossbred cattle bulls of about 22-24 months age (mean body weight ranged from 291.0 to 298.1 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 animals following randomized block design. Animals in group 1 were fed concentrate mixture containing wheat bran 97%, mineral mixture 2% and salt 1% plus ad libitum chopped green sugarcane tops (SCT) as a roughage source. Animals in group 2 were fed concentrate mixture containing lentil chuni 97%, mineral mixture 2% and salt 1% while group 3 concentrate contained wheat bran 48.5%, lentil chuni 48.5%, mineral mixture 2% and salt 1% plus ad libitum chopped green SCT to meet their maintenance requirements. During metabolism trial period, the mean total intake and digestibility of DM in groups 1, 2 and 3 was $8.09{\pm}0.41$, $8.41{\pm}0.49$ and $7.86{\pm}0.16kg/d$ and 60.24, 63.24 and 65.05%, respectively. The intake of CP (p<0.05) and EE (p<0.01) was significantly higher in group 2 and group 1, respectively as compared to remaining 2 groups, which were comparable. Digestibility of CP and EE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in group 3 and that of CP was comparable with group 2. The intake and digestibility of total carbohydrates, NDF, ADF, Hemi-cellulose and cellulose were similar among 3 groups. The mean body weight changes in group 1, 2 and 3 were 173.4, 253.4 and 203.4 g/d, respectively, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 2. The total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) intakes were significantly higher in group 2 and group 1, respectively. The total volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, trichloro-acetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA ppt.-N; p<0.05), total-N concentrations and pH were significantly (p<0.01) higher in group 3, however, pH and TCA ppt.-N was comparable with group 2 and 1, respectively. From the results, it may be deduced that the feeding of chopped green SCT supplemented with a concentrate mixture having both wheat bran (48.5%) and lentil chuni (48.5%) has shown a better performance with respect to intake and digestibility of nutrients and growth as well.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.316-316
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to estimate quantitatively soil salinity and soil loss at upland soils in agriculture land region in Saemangeum reclaimed land on the south Korea coasts. Soil loss and soil salinity are the most critical problem at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea. The several thematic maps of research area such as land cover map, topographic and soil maps, together with tabular precipitation data used for soil erosion and soil salinity calculation. Meteorological data were measured directly as air temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation. The experiment was conducted 2% sloped lysimeter ($5.0m{\times}20.0m$) with 14 treatments and it were separated by low salinity division (LSD) and high salinity division (HSD) install. The cation content in ground water increased during time course, but in the case of land surface water the content was variable, and $K^+$ was lower than that of $Na^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$. At the LSD under rainproof condition, the salinity was directly proportional to soil water content, but at the HSD the tendency was no reversed. In condition of rainproof, the amount of soil salinity was higher at the HSD than at the LSD. Positive correlation was obtained between the soil water content and available phosphorous content at the rainfall division, but there was no significance at the surface soil of the rainproof division. Sodium adsorption ratio and anion contents in soil were repressed in the order of vinyl-mulching > non-mulching > bare field. According to the result of analyzing soil loss, soil loss occurred in a vinyl-mulching, a non-mulching and a bare field in size order, and also approximately 11.2 ton/ha soil loss happened on the reclaimed land area. The average soil loss amount by the unit area takes place in a non-mulching and bare field a lot. Our results indicate that soluble salt control and soil erosion are critical at reclaimed tidal saline soil and the results can provide some useful information for deciding management plans to reduce soil loss and salt damage for stable crop production and diverse utilization or cultivation could be one of the management options to alleviate salt damage at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2019

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is widespread in reclaimed land and wetland habitats. Every year, the common reed produces extensive colonies by means of underground rhizomes and ground-surface stolons. From an agricultural point of view, the common reed's large biomass is a good material for supplying organic matter. However, it has not yet been studied in terms of seedling production, transplanting conditions, and decomposition characteristics in reclaimed land. Seeds were harvested from the native common reed in Saemangeum, South Korea, the previous year and stored on an open field. The seeds were sowed in the greenhouse at the beginning of April. Common reed decomposition was studied from June to September, with the use of coarse mesh (5 mm) stem litterbags, on three samping dates and with five replicate packs per sample. These packs were dug in five soil condition (low-salinity topsoil, subsoil, high-salinity topsoil, subsoil, paddy topsoil) to 0.2 m and 0.4 m depth. The highest germination rate of common reed seeds was observed in non-salt solution, but the exhibited germination rate was 70% at 9.38 dS m^-1. The plant height of young reed decreased steadily with increasing salinity, but leaf number did not decrease by 9.38 dS m^-1. The survival rate of the two-year-old reed was 83.3%, which was 35% higher than that of the one-year reed. The transplant success rate was 0% in the no vinyl mulching in the soil, but the first year and second year seedlings survived rates were 63% and 83.3%, respectively, in vinyl mulching. Common reed decomposition rates were faster low salinity than high salinity. All nutrient contents were found to fluctuate significantly with time by soil conditions. We also need to study the growth rate of reed transplanting seedlings by soil moisture contents and the comparison of degradation in common reed tissues.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2015

소금생산을 위해 25% 이상의 함수를 저장해 놓는 염전의 해주로부터 호염성 세균 4균주를 분리하고 높은 염분농도에서도 ${\beta}$-glucosidase를 생성하는 HJS1과 HJS6 균주를 선발하였다. 이들 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 생성세균은 NaCl 1-10%에서 70-79U/mg의 최적 활성을 나타내었고, NaCl 3%에서 최대 활성을 나타내었으며 NaCl 0-20% 농도에서 최대 효소 활성대비 75%이상의 효소활성을 유지하는 내염성 ${\beta}$-glucosidase를 생성하는 것으로 확인되었다. 내염성 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 생성 HJS1과 HJS6 균주의 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 검토한 결과, Roseivivax roseus $BH87090^T$ (FJ897782)와 99.8%의 상동성을 나타내었고 상기 균주들의 염기서열은 NCBI GenBank에 각각 AB971835와 AB971836로 등록하였다. 계통학적으로 근연종인 Roseivivax roseus $BH87090^T$와의 DNA-DNA 상동성을 비교 검토한 결과, 90.1-90.3%를 나타내었다. 이들 균주의 주요 균체지방산은 $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:1}$ ${\omega}7c$, $C_{19:0}$ cyclo ${\omega}8c$ 그리고 11-methyl $C_{18:1}$ ${\omega}7c$를 함유하고 Quinone종은 Q-10로 근연종 Roseivivax roseus $BH87090^T$ 균주와 동일한 특징을 나타내어 Roseivivax roseus로 동정되었다. 반면, 비교 균주 Roseivivax roseus $BH87090^T$는 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 생성하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 분리된 Roseivivax roseus HJS1과 HJS6 균주는 내염성 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 효소 개발을 위한 유전자원으로 활용 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2007

본 연구는 젓갈류 식품 중 가장 많이 소비되고 있는 새우젓의 미생물 오염도 및 안전성 평가를 위하여 재래시장(3곳), 백화점(3곳), 대형할인마트(3곳) 총 9곳에서 구입한 16개 제품을 대상으로 총호기성균, 대장균군, S. aureus의 오염도와 식염 및 중금속(Pb) 함량을 조사하였다. 총호기 성균의 오염수준은 평균 $3.35log_{10}CFU/g$를 나타냈고, 판매유형별로 비교하면 재래시장이 평균 $3.71log_{10}CFU/g$로 가장 높았으며, 백화점이 $3.16log_{10}CFU/g$, 대형할인마트가 $2.84log_{10}CFU/g$ 순으로 나타났다. 대장균군 오염수준은 16개 제품 중 8개(50%) 제품에서 양성반응을 보였고 S. aureus는 모든 제품에서 검출되지 않았다. 식염의 함량은 평균 $23.8%(17,9{\sim}28.3%)$로 나타났으며 중금속(Pb)은 단 1개의 제품에서 기준치 이하인 0.02ppm이 검출되었다. 결론적으로 시중에서 판매되고 있는 새우젓의 위생 상태는 양호한 편이나 판매유형별로 비교할 때 재래시장의 위생적 관리제도가 취약함을 간접적으로 드러내면서 젓갈류에 대해서도 HACCP 수준의 위생관리 필요성을 입증하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2008

포화추출액중 전기전도도는 $1.0\sim28.4dS\;m^{-1}$의 범위로 평균 $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$를 나타내어 매우 높은 농도로 염류가 집적되고 있었다. 전기전도도 $4dS\;m^{-1}$ (포화추출액 조건으로 환산)를 초과한 경우가 전체의 55%를 차지하고 있었다. 복분자 비가림하우스 재배토양 중 전기전도도와 각각의 무기이온과의 단순상관관계를 조사한 결과, 전기전도도와 염소 ($r=0.85^{**}$), 질산 ($r=0.94^{**}$), 인산 ($r=0.88^{**}$), 황산 ($r=0.84^{**}$) 이온과 같은 음이온과 고도의 유의성 있는 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 마그네슘 ($r=0.41^*$), 칼슘 ($r=0.38^*$), 칼리 ($r=0.47^*$) 이온과 같은 양이온과는 유의성 있는 정(+)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 비가림 하우스형 복분자 재배토양 중에 함유되어 있는 염류집적 유발물질을 제거하는데 있어 작업의 편이성, 농업용수의 절감 및 처리시간 등을 고려하였을 때 용탈법보다 수세법이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2016

Purpose: The central composition design was used to optimize the mixture conditions of black garlic extract. Methods: The response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out from concentration of black garlic extract ($X_1$) and the amount of the black garlic extract ($X_2$) as independent variables, and salts ($Y_1$), reducing sugars ($Y_2$), the content of total phenolic compounds ($Y_3$) and ABTS radical scavenging activity ($Y_4$) as dependent variables. We confirmed the conditions that salinity was minimized and reducing sugar, total phenolic compounds and ABTS radical scavenging activity had maximum values through the response surface analysis. Results: All results had saddle points in originally set up conditions hence, ridge analysis was carried out for narrowing the experimental area. The minimum salt concentration was 16.03% at black garlic extract concentration of $14.84^{\circ}brix$ and contents of 9.26%. Reducing sugar content had maximum of value 7.30 g/mL at $24.58^{\circ}brix$ and contents of 8.08%. Total phenolic compounds contents and ABTS radical scavenging activity had maximum values at black garlic extract concentration of 20.33 and $25.02^{\circ}brix$. The results indicate that addition of black garlic extract contributed to increased reducing sugar, phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activity of the soy sauce, but the salt concentration was not significantly affected. Conclusion: Based on the results of RSM, the optimum ranges of addition conditions for lowering the salt concentration and, increasing the sensory and functional ability of soy sauce were as follows: black garlic extract concentration of $15-25^{\circ}brix$ and content of 7.8-9.3%.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2021

본 연구는 Weissella kimchii (W.k.), Leuconostoc gelidum (L.g.) 및 Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L.m)의 3가지 유산균을 각각 첨가한 돌산갓김치의 양념소를 4℃에서 50일 동안 pH, 산도, 유산균 및 총균수, 관능적 특성의 변화를 측정하였다. 3가지 종류의 유산균을 첨가한 돌산갓김치의 양념소에 2% 소금 용액을 첨가한 pH 값의 범위는 5.12~5.62, 산도 값 범위는 0.62~3.77를 나타냈다. 유산균 수의 전체 추세는 발효 10일에서 20일 동안 빠르게 감소하였고, 총균수는 50일 동안 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 돌산갓김치의 양념소에 2% 소금 용액을 첨가하지 않은 pH값의 범위는 5.22~5.61, 산도 값 범위는 0.91~4.41를 나타냈다. 유산균의 수는 전체적으로 20일까지 감소한 후 증가하였고, 총균수도 20일까지 감소 후 50일까지 증가추세를 나타냈다. 관능적 특성은 2% 소금 용액을 첨가한 양념소와 2% 소금 용액을 첨가하지 않은 양념소는 발효시간이 지날수록 외관, 향, 염도, 매운맛 및 전반적인 기호도는 점점 감소하였다. 또한, DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 2% w. k.와 2% L. m.에서 높게 나타났고, ACE 억제활성은 10℃에서 8일간 발효된 양념소에서 70.38%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 양념소 생산은 돌산갓김치 제조 및 다른 김치제조에도 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1986

인삼 saponin의 첨가가 Aspergillus parasiticus R-716 공시균의 PH, 균체량의 변화, chloroform 추출액의 색상, 포자형성능, 그리고 saponin의 첨가량에 따른 aflatoxin의 생성 및 억제효과등을 조사한 결과를 다음과 같다. 1. 공시균의 배지인 sucrose low salt의 PH변화는 crude saponin(CS)의 경우 PH3인 0.5% 첨가구에서 가장 낮은 aflatoxin 생성량을 보였으며, PH 2.2인 protopanaxatriol(PPT) 0.05% 첨가구에서 가장 많은 생성량을 보였다. 2. 인삼 saponin첨가량에 따른 균체량의 변화는 PPT 0.01% 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 119%까지 증가하였으나 다른 saponin의 첨가농도가 증가할 수록 감소하였고 CS 0.5% 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 25.8%의 감소율을 보였다. 3. aflatoxin의 chloroforn 추출시 생성된 색상은 밝은 황색일수록 aflatoxin의 생성량이 많았다. 4. 포자형성은 각 인삼 saponin 농도가 0.02%까지는 변화가 없었으나 0.05%첨가구부터 형성이 줄어들어 0.5% 첨가구에서는 형성되지 않았다. 5. aflatoxin총생성량은 PPD와 PPT 0.005%~0.02% 첨가구에서는 105%까지 증가하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 감소를 보였으며, CS의 0.5% 첨가구에서는 91.7%의 높은 억제효과를 보였고 B1, B2, G1 및 G2에 대햐여는 90%이상의 억제효과를 나타내었다. PS에 대하여는 0.5% 첨가구에서 B1에 55.9%의 억제효과가 있는 반면에 B2는 8.1%의 낮은 억제효과밖에 없었고, PPT 0.005% 및 0.5% 첨가구는 오히려 B2가 증가하였다. PPD에 대하여는 0.005%~0.02% 첨가구에서는 G1의 경우 오히려 증가하였다.