• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.279-294
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• 1986

In order to survey the traditional salt production at the eastern coast, Young-Hae, in Yi-dynasty, data of salt production were collected through interviewing with whom had received the skill from ancestors and analyzed the data. The results obtained were as follows. Salt-producer take the salt water containing much salt and then he transported the salt-water by having water buckets an back in with using the water-toting device (Mul ji ge). Finally he carried out the irrigation (Mul dae gi) to a ditch (Dorang). It is noteworthy that the East-sea salt production method was not selecting a method of salt-pond style with a bank for salt production but using the salt water transportation fashion without a bank for that. Judging from these facts, we could conclude that traditional salt production method was handed down into the Yi-dynasty from ancient times.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.283-291
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• 2019

Fermentation of food waste in the presence of different concentrations of salt ($Na^+$) and ammonia was conducted to investigate the interrelation of $Na^+$ and ammonia content in bio-hydrogen production. Analysis of the experimental results showed that peak hydrogen production differed according to the ammonia and $Na^+$ concentration. The peak hydrogen production levels achieved were (97.60, 91.94, and 49.31) ml/g COD at (291.41, 768.75, and 1,037.89) mg-N/L of ammonia and (600, 1,000, and 4,000) $mg-Na^+/L$ of salt concentration, respectively. At peak hydrogen production, the ammonia concentration increased along with increasing salt concentration in the medium. This means that for peak hydrogen production, the C/N ratio decreased with increasing salt content in the medium. The butyrate/acetate (B/A) ratio was higher in proportion to the bio-hydrogen production (r-square: 0.71, p-value: 0.0006). Different concentrations of $Na^+$ and ammonia in the medium also produced diverse microbial communities. Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., and Clostridium sp. were predominant with high bio-hydrogen production, while Lactococcus sp. was found with low bio-hydrogen production.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2003

We studied the effect of Bamboo salt-pro on the growth and acid production of S. mutans. The growth of S.mutans was reduced by the presence of the Bamboo salt-pro (1 mg/ml) and NaCl (1 mg/ml) significantly, and the positive control group (1 % of NaF) also exhibited antibacterial activity significantly. Bamboo salt-pro (1 mg/ml) reduced the rate of acid production by S. mutans. Bamboo salt alone did not demonstrate such a reduction in acid production at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. The inhibitory action of Bamboo salt-pro on acid production was found at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, but bamboo salt alone was not at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Bamboo salt-pro on human mast cell line HMC-1. Bamboo salt-pro (0.1 and 0.01 mg/ml) inhibited significantly the secretion of inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-a with $59.47{\pm}0.15%$, $51.98{\pm}0.16%$ respectively. Our results suggest that Bamboo salt-pro importantly contributes to the prevention or treatment of periodontitis and other oral diseases and inflammatory diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1779-1787
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• 2000

Southern and south-western Australia is a typical mediterranean environment, characterised by wet, cold winters and dry, hot summers. The evaporation rate varies significantly in summer, resulting in a high salinity of drinking water for grazing animals. In addition, a large amount of land in the cropping areas is affected by salt. Puccinellia, tall wheat grass and saltbushes have been planted to improve the soil condition and to supply feed for grazing animals. Animals grazing these areas often ingest an excessive amount of salt from soil, forage and drinking water which can reduce feed intake, increase the water requirement, depress growth and affect body composition as demonstrated in sheep. While the deer industry has been successfully developed in these regions, the potential impact of excessive salt intake on deer production is unknown. The salt tolerance has been well defined for sheep, cattle and other livestock species, but the variation between animal species, breeds within species, maturity status and grazing environments makes it impossible to apply these values directly to deer. To optimise deer production and effectively use natural resources, it is essential to understand the salt status of grazing deer and the impact of excessive salt intake on growth and reproduction of deer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.355-355
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• 2017

South Korea is largely dependent on imports of forage crops. In order to raise the self-sufficiency rate of forage crops, it is necessary to cultivate forage crops in 135,100 ha reclaimed land of South Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the growth of halophytes and forage crops in order to search for stable plants on reclaimed land. The plants were cultured in Hoagland solution and grown at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% of salt concentrations. Plants with good growth at 0.5% of salt concentration were halophytes such as Suaeda asparagoides and Salsola komarovii. Salicornia herbacea and Suaeda maritima showed good growth at 2.0% salinity, and Suaeda maritima showed stable growth at all of salt concentrations. In conclusion, Suaeda asparagoides showed the best growth at 0.5% of salt concentration and was considered the most biomass at reclaimed land in Korea with less than 0.5% of salt concentration.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes of body composition, cardio-respiratory function in ventilation threshold (VT) and maximal state exercise, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and serum nitric oxide (NO) production during acute reducing salt (RS) supplementation in college elite athletes. Variables of cardio-respiratory function during rest, ventilation threshold and maximal exercise was not shown a significantly difference between RS supplementation and non-supplementation, there was shown a significant increase in ventilation threshold time (p<0.05) and exhaustion time (p<0.05) during RS supplement compared to non-supplement. SBP and DBP were not shown a significant difference between RS supplement and non-supplement. This result suggests that acute intake of RS is not increased a blood pressure. Serum NO production was not significant difference in the RS supplement group, but it was shown a significantly increased levels (p<0.01, vs. recovery 30 min.) immediately after maximal exercise in the non-supplement group. This result suggests that acute intake of RS have important role in inhibition of serum NO production during maximal exercise. Conclusively, This study suggest that acute intake of RS was not influence in body composition variables, but it was positive effect in ventilation threshold time, exhaustion time, maintenance of blood pressure and inhibition of serum NO production in maximal treadmill exercise.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.313-320
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the household economic behavior of salt farmers participants in Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pugar) including of salt production, work flow, household revenue, the behavior of consumption of food and non-food items and the welfare level. This research followed a survey method by engaging 32 household farmers as participants. The findings revealed that the empowerment program was carried out through the technical assistance of salting production and the assistance of equipment and technology from Thread of Screw Filter and geoisolators to improve the quality of salt. The problems come when the marketing of salt is still limited to the collectors of salt which led to the price of salt level, manufacturers have not remained stable. Household revenue sources for some salt farmers also come from non-salt pond business activities. Farmer household revenue can be used to meet staple food consumption and non-food staple consumption. Based on the indicators of family welfare, households participating in the empowerment program were group into the category of prosperous families. In order to stabilize the price of salt at the producer level, government intervention in the people's salt trading system is needed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.283-291
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• 2008

The present study is purposed to suggest accurate guidelines for developing standardized chicken meat stock containing salt, and to develop a product for mass production of uniform quality achieved by applying High Pressure Extraction Cooking(HPEC) using a high.pressure extractor. Through this study, we examined water contents, ash contents, salinity, turbidity and mineral contents of chicken meat stock according to the addition of salt. The ash contents increased with the increase of the addition of salt, but the water contents decreased with the increase of the addition of salt. Salinity increased with the increase of the addition of salt. Turbidity decreased with the increase of the addition of salt, and difference in turbidity according to the addition of salt was regular. Among mineral contents, Na showed the highest content, which was believed to be because of the addition of salt, and it was followed by K and P. The results of this study show that the mineral contents in the stock were different according to the addition of salt, but they were neither proportional to the addition of salt nor showed a regular pattern.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1994

By using a synthetic medium simulated on the amino acid composition of soybeam, the effect of salt concentrations on the production of volatile organic acid by the strains of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii So-3101, a soy sauce yeast, was studied at the concentrations of 12.5, 18.0, 22.0 and 28.5% NaCl. The growth, consumption of glucose, and production of alcohol, total acid and volatile organic acid, showed the highest values at a concentration of 12.5% NaCl, and those values were decreased with an increase in the salt concentration. The ratio of volatile organic acid to total organic acid was remained at approximately the same level within the range of salt concentrations between 12.5~22.0%, whereas the ratio was decreased at a salt concentration of 28.5%. After incubation for 16 days, 8 volatile organic acids, i.e. acetic, propionic, n-butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric, isocaproic, n-caproic, and heptanoic acids, were detected by gas chromatography. Among the volatile organic acids, acetic acid was produced in the appreciable amiunt and its ratio to the other volatile acids was increased with an increase in the salt concentration.A small amount of isocaproic, propionic, isobutyric and isovaleric acids were produced, and n-caproic, n-butyric and heptanoic acids were detected only at the lower salt concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.825-831
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive value of some legume species in salt-affected soils of South-East Anatolian region using chemical composition and in vitro gas production kinetics. In this study, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa were sown and tested in four different locations. A 3 by 4 factorial design with 3 legume species and 4 salt levels (non salty electrical conductivity (EC)<4 dS/m; low salt: 4 dS/m>EC<8 dS/m, medium saline: 8 dS/m>EC<16 dS/m and high salt: 16 dS/m>EC) was used in the study. Results indicated that salinity and plants had no significant effect on ash and ether extract. Dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake (DMI) were affected by plant, salinity and plant${\times}$salinity interaction. On the other hand neutral detergent fiber, relative feed value (RFV), and DMI were affected by salinity and plant${\times}$salinity interaction. Mineral contents were affected by plant species, salinity and salinity${\times}$plants interactions. In vitro gas production, their kinetics and estimated parameters such as were not affected by salinity whereas the gas production up to 48 h, organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy lactation ($NE_L$) were affected by plant and plant${\times}$salt interaction. Generally RFVs of all species ranged from 120 to 210 and were quite satisfactory in salty conditions. Current results show that the feed value of Medicago sativa is higher compared to Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium alexandrinum.