• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2016

As contemporary society has become more complicated, specialized, and segmented, people are experiencing more diverse types of stress. In particular, while several factors associated with job stress have been examined among nurses, who belong to a professional group, the existing research has made no quantitative assessments of stress that reflect temporal differences in individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the effects of job stress on alpha-amylase with regard to the working hours of nurses, to assess the variations in jobs stress over time, and provide basic data to improve the quality of nursing services. Ninety nurses working in three shifts in general, emergency, and intensive care wards of a university hospital in D City participated in this study. Salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) was extracted and analyzed at two-hour intervals from 07:00 to 15:00 from nurses on the day shift and from 23:00 to 07:00 from those working the night shift. The SAA level was highest between 23:00 and 01:00 for nurses in general wards ($mean{\pm}S.D.\;39.00{\pm}14.88$) and between 11:00 and 13:00 for those in both intensive care units and emergency wards ($mean{\pm}S.D.\;67.50{\pm}62.93$ and $mean{\pm}S.D.\;39.67{\pm}35.96$, respectively). The characteristic variation in SAA was significant between 23:00 and 01:00 (p < 0.01) and for those in their fifties or older (p < 0.01). The activation ratio of alpha-amylase, a stress reactant, showed an increase when the sympathetic nervous system was activated by mental stress; in addition, job stress was manifested with the effect of awakening at different time segments and at different ages among the nurses. With the aim of raising the level of service based on the nurses maintaining their mental health, it is necessary to focus sharply on the time segment for critical control and to conduct repetitive studies to determine the divisions of eustress critical values as well as to expand the population.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.293-305
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to confirm effects of oral exercise program intended to improve the condition of salivary hypofunction and to provide basic data for development of oral health program for the elderly Methods : The subjects were 125 elderly women who resided in Gyeong-In area and were aged 65 years and older. During a 2-month period, an oral exercise was conducted twice a week. A survey was conducted by interviewing the selected elders to determine the state of their subjective dry mouth. Unstimulated whole saliva was measured before and after the oral exercise program. Results : There was a significant improvement in subjective dry mouth symptoms, severity scores of dry mouth after the oral exercise, and there were affected by age and income level. There was a significant increase in unstimulated whole-saliva after the oral exercise program. There was positive interrelationship between dry mouth Symptom improvement level and inconvenience improvement level, and between inconvenience improvement level and the increase of unstimulated whole-saliva. Conclusions : This study showed the effects of the oral exercise program. It is suggested that this oral exercise program has positive effects on the condition of dry mouth. For the explicit improvement effect on the condition of dry mouth, the oral exercise program needs to be carried out in consideration of the elderly's general characteristics.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analysis know the important oral environmental factors which affect halitosis components of the adult in order to provide basic data for halitosis prevention and establish a device to eliminate halitosis efficiently. The 97 adults who visited at the Dental Clinic in Metropolis (M=68, F=30) participated in this study that performed from March in 2009 to in 2010. The obtained results through items as caries status, periodontal status, salivary flow, the viscosity, pH, Snyder test, plaque deposit, tongue plaque and halitosis check were as followings. The average shame of halitosis components appeared at hydrogen sulfide 36.71 ppb methyl mercaptan 31.46ppb dimethyl sulfide 54.33 ppb and Ammonia 22.60 ppm. The normality and the detection comparative result dimethyl sulfide above reverse appeared highly at 46.9%, ammonia appeared highly at 52%. According to the Hydrogen sulfide level was a high relationship among age, CPI, tongue coat status, DMFT index which were statistically significant (p<0.05). According to the quantity of hydrogen sulfide level there was relationship where tongue coat status Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05). The quantity of methyl mercaptan level there was relationship where Dimethyl sulfide level, tongue coat status, Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05). The quantity of Dimethyl sulfide level there was relationship where Hydrogen sulfide level, ammonia level, tongue coat status, Saliva pH and Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05). Ammonia level there was relationship where Methyl mercaptan level, CPI, and Saliva flow rate considers statistically(p<0.05).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is reveal the relationship between halitosis and personal profile. The personal characteristics of halitosis patient were studied by symptom checklist-90- revision(SCL-90-R). 135 halitosis patients, 118 TMD patients(control torup 1) and 90 normal persons(control group 2) were selected for this study at the halitosis clinic or the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee Dental Hospital. T-scores were analyzed with Korean manual of SCL-90-R. A t-test was used to evaluate the overall group effect and the values were significant at the 0.05 level. The obstained results were as follows : 1. Mean value of T-scores on 9 basic scales of SCL-90-R in all groups(Halitosis patients, TMD patients and normal) was within normal range. 2. When compared with normal group, TamD patients gorup were significantly higher in sclaes of Somatization (p<0.01), Obsession-Compulsion(p<0.05), Depresison(p<0.05), Anxiety(p<0.01), Hostility(p<0.05). 3. When compared with normal group, halitosis patients group were significantly higher in scales of Somatization(p<0.05), Obsessoin-Compulsion(p<0.05), Interpersonal Sensitivity (p<0.05), Psyhcoticism(p<0.05). This data suggests that psychopathologic trends may be associated with halitosis and can be estimated by SCL-90-R questionnaire.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7045-7047
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• 2015

Background: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker which has been investigated in many cancers but data for head and neck lesions are limited. We aimed to study the MPV levels in head and neck cancers as a diagnostic marker. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 head and neck cancer patients and 31 control patients who did not meet exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The cancer locations, the platelet and MPV levels at the first diagnosis time were collected. Results: The head and neck cancer location distribution between these patients was 2 (2.1%) buccal, 9 (9.4%) tongue, 6 (6.3) lip, 1 (1%) gingiva, 1 (1%) hypopharynx, 1 (1%) ear, 58 (60.4%) larynx, 2 (2.1%) maxilla, 2 (2.1%) nasal, 1 (1%) nasopharynx, 2 (2.1%) palatal, 3 (3.1%) primary unknown, 1 (1%) retromolar, 1 (1%) thyroid, 2 (2.1%) tonsil, and 4 (4.2%) salivary gland. MPV levels were significantly different between cancer and control group (p=0.002). The cut-off point for MPV predicting head and neck cancer is >10 fL (sensitivity=55.21, specificity=87.10). Conclusions: MPV level increase, a readily assessable parameter which does not bring extra costs can warn us regarding head and neck cancer risk.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.66-69
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• 2015

$K{\ddot{u}}ttner$ tumor is a benign inflammatory disease of the salivary gland that clinically mimics a malignant tumor because of its presentation as a unilateral painless hard mass. However the precise cause of this disease is still unknown. Pathologically, it is characterized by infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Also, it is accompanied with an elevated level of plasma IgG4. We report one case of $K{\ddot{u}}ttner$ tumor of the right submandibular gland in a 37 year old woman.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2013

This study examines the wearing comfort of elderly women through a physiological analysis based on rectal temperature and biochemical analysis with salivary melatonin and cortisol. This study was conducted on 7 elderly women aged 65 or over. Two kinds of clothing ensemble (control and prototype) were used as experimental clothing. The control clothing was a general clothing ensemble and the prototype clothing lowered clothing pressure by adding an extra gap. The experimental schedule included daily living activities with randomly assigned experimental clothing. Rectal temperature was constantly measured every 5 minutes during the experiment and saliva samples for melatonin and cortisol were collected twice per day before and after sleep. The rectal temperature was lower for the prototype than the control throughout the experiment, and its circadian rhythm was prompt and clear in prototype. In addition, melatonin was secreted more but cortisol was secreted less when the subjects wore the prototype clothing. With these results, we assumed that regular circadian rhythm and low level of stress might be caused by wearing prototype clothing that lowered clothing pressure. The results demonstrate the necessity to develop clothing that considers body changes in elderly women.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-36
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• 2012

In case of lateral cervical cystic lesions, the differential diagnoses include branchial cleft cyst(BCC), teratoma, dermoid, hemangioma and lymphangioma etc. But sometimes metastatic cystic lymph nodes may exist in lateral neck. In such circumstance, the primary lesions are known to stem from oropharynx, nasopharynx, salivary and thyroid gland etc. A-66-year-old-male came to our clinic, due to the lateral cervical mass for 5 years. We performed the neck CT, sonography and sono-guided FNAC. He was initially diagnosed with the benign cyst such as BCC. We performed the excisional biopsy on left level II, but the pathologic report was revealed as metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC). And then he received the total thyroidectomy with neck dissection. The final diagnosis was cystic metastasis from PTC. We learn a valuable lesson form this case in the following. Even if the simple cervical cyst is presumed with radiology and clinical pattern, more careful considerations on the basis of history and radiologic findings are mandatory.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2018

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) rarely involves the parotid gland and its incidence is only 1.7% to 3.1% of all salivary gland neoplasms. The mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is the most common subtype of NHL, followed by follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, two distinct types of lymphomas occurring synchronously in the parotid gland and cervical lymph node have not been reported earlier. A 72-year-old man with rubbery-hard and fixed mass on the left parotid area came to our clinic. We performed the left total parotidectomy with ipsilateral excision of lymph node (level II), and he was finally diagnosed as DLBCL in parotid gland and FL in upper neck. It is presumed that the DLBCL appeared to be a transformation from FL. We report the unique and rare disease entity with brief literature review.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.330-339
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an interpersonal relationship harmony program and to investigate the effect of interpersonal relationship harmony program on interpersonal relations, conflict resolution methods, interpersonal anxiety, salivary cortisol level for nursing students. Methods: The 8-week interpersonal relationship harmony program was developed based on interpersonal relationship harmony theory. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using a quasi-experimental design. The participants were 58 third-year nursing students, 29 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. Data were collected from July 5, 2014 to August 25, 2014 and analyzed through t-test. Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher post-test scores in interpersonal relationship harmony, interpersonal relationship ability, active conflict mitigation and significantly lower post-test scores in active conflict intensification, interpersonal relationship anxiety than those of the control group. Conclusion: The interpersonal relationship harmony program improved nursing students' interpersonal skills and conflict resolution methods and reduced interpersonal relationship anxiety through an integrated approach that covered the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical aspects of harmony.