• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2020

20대 초반 여대생을 대상으로 치아건강도와 치은건강도 그리고 구강청결도를 분석해보고자 한 결과 치아건강도를 예측할 수 있는 우식성박테리아와 타액의 산성도, 암모니아와 관련이 높게 나타났으며, 치은건강도를 예측할 수 있는 혈액과 백혈구, 단백질이 관련이 있는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.01). 특히 구강내 미생물의 대사산물인 암모니아는 혈액과 백혈구와 관련이 높게 조사되어, 구강청결도와 관련이 있는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.01). 따라서 타액측정시스템(Sill-Ha ST-4910)의 구강병 발생 7가지 예측 위험도와 본 실험 결과가 일치되어 향후 타액측정시스템은 진료실에서 활용 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 본 연구의 제한점은 노령자나 전신질환이나 만성질환이 없는 건강한 청년을 대상으로 하였기에 일반화하기에는 무리가 있다고 생각하며 후속 연구를 필요로 한다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.691-703
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• 1998

Saliva is obviously potential medium to protect the dental caries by not only physical clearing effect, but aggregating action of protein with bacteria. Nevertheless, we still do not understand how the dental caries occur and what brings the individual difference in caries prevalence. In the regards of dental caries prevalence, we hypothesized that the composition of salivary protein might be different from caries susceptible group to caries resistant group. The purposes of this experiment were focused on the molecular analysis of salivary proteins from the subjects who were involved in multiple caries. Electrophoretic analysis was done on the whole saliva collected from the children with and without multiple caries. We found 86.2% of subjects with multiple caries has approximately 120 KDa protein band while 30.4% in the healthy subjects. And the concentration of the total protein on the subjects with multiple caries is significantly higher than that of the healthy group. However, it turned out that the difference of the salivary composition does not affect the bacterial adhesion to hydroxyapatite bead. With regards of enzymes in saliva, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and lactate dehydrogenase does not have any significant difference between both groups. However, the concentrations of $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ in saliva from multiple caries group is higher than that of the control group. Taken all together, it may be concluded that 120 KDa protein in saliva may be associated with the process of dental caries, also the high concentration of protein and $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ in saliva may be linked to dental caries development as a cofactors.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1989

The adherence of $^{3}H$-labeled oral streptococcal cells to protein-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) beads was studied by a standard adherence assay. The adherence equilibrium for S. mutans 10449 occured in about 2 hrs. The cell numbers adhering to SHA was 50% less than those on bare HA. Sailva from different subjects had varying effect on bacterial adherence. The use of saliva adsorbed with homologouis bacteria decreased S. mutans adherence by 38% ; this indicates the presence of salivary agglutinin in acquired pellicle formed on HA. Animal sera and BSA decreased S. sanguis adherence. BSA concentration as high as 10mg/ml caused up to 87% adherence inhibition. The desorption experiment of adhered bacteria confirmed the previous reports that the adhesive sites on HA beads for S. mutans were different from those for S. sanguis and that S. mutans could enhance the adherence of S. sanguis but not vice versa.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish the acceptable intraoral application time of antiseptic agents and evaluate the effect of mechanical irrigation. Methods: A total of 80 subjects were selected for this study. Saliva secreted at the resting state was taken. The subjects were divided into 8 experimental groups, and kept 10% povidone-iodine (PVI) or 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for 20 or 40 seconds in their oral cavity with/without irrigation of the oral cavity with sterilized normal saline, respectively. Then, the saliva was taken and diluted with phosphate buffered saline and then plated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates, which were incubated. Colony forming unit (CFU) was measured for the salivary bacterial counts. Results: After application of PVI and CHX, all the experimental groups showed statistically significant decrease in CFU (P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate in CFU than group 4 (CHX, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 6 (PVI, 40 s, irrigated) showed more significant reduction rate than group 2 (PVI, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate than group 1 (PVI, 20 s; P<0.01). Conclusion: Application of PVI for 40 seconds and mechanical irrigation with sterilized normal saline showed the best result among the 8 groups in terms of the reduction rate of salivary bacterial counts.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.235-244
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• 1999

The present study was performed to investigate the binding between salivary proteins(low-molecular-weight mucin;MG2, amylase, proline-rich proteins;PRPs) and oral pathogens(Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces viscosus, Staphylococcus aureus) by using solid-phase assay. In the case of transferring proteins to Immobilon-P, S. gordonii binds to MG2. A. viscosus binds to MG2, amylase, and PRPs, and S. aureus binds to MG2 and amylase. On nitrocellulose membrane, S, gordonii and A. viscosus bind to MG2, amylase, and PRPs. S. aureus binds to MG2 and PRPs. However, rabbit anti-A. viscosus antisera and rabbit anti-S. aureus antisera showed cross reactivity to PRPs adsorbed to only nitrocellulose membrane in negative control experiments, which were done without bacterial overlay. The results were different according to the membrane used as solid-phase, which reflected the assay-sensitive nature of binding experiment. PRPs and amylase are known to be components of tooth enamel pellicle. In addition, there was experimental evidence that PRPs and MG2 may covalently bind to oral mucosal epithelium. Considering above facts, the results of the present study can provide information on the interactions between salivary proteins and oral bacteria on tooth and oral mucosal surfaces.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2016

Purpose: Human saliva, as a vital part of the immune defense system, contains a number of distinct proteins and peptides. Recently human common salivary protein 1 (CSP1) has been identified as an abundant salivary protein and may play a role in promoting the binding of cariogenic bacteria to salivary pellicles. However, nothing else is known regarding the role of CSP1 in periodontology. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients. Methods: This controlled clinical study was conducted in periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis Chonbuk National University Hospital, with Institutional Review Board approval. Whole saliva samples were collected from 36 healthy subjects and 33 chronic periodontitis patients and analyzed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immune blotting were conducted to ensure that anti-CSP1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) binds to CSP1 in human saliva. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was house-fabricated using mAb-hCSP1#14 and mAb-hCSP1#4 as a capture and a detector mAb, respectively. The CSP1 concentrations in saliva from 36 healthy subjects and 33 periodontal patients were quantified using the CSP1 sandwich ELISA system, and the results were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Results: Immunoblot analysis using mAb-hCSP1 as a probe confirmed that CSP1 in human saliva existed as a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 27-kDa. The quantification of CSP1 concentrations by CSP1 ELISA showed that the median values (25th to 75th percentiles) of periodontal patients and healthy subjects were 9,474 ng/mL (range, 8,434.10,139 ng/mL) and 8,598 ng/mL (range, 7,421.9,877 ng/mL), respectively. The Student's t-test indicated the presence of a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.024). Conclusions: The presence of a significant difference in CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients suggests that CSP1 may be a potential biomarker for the detection or screening of periodontitis patients.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2008

치아 우식증은 감염성 질환의 하나로 치아우식의 원인균은 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans)와 같은 mutans steptococci로 알려져 있다. S. mutans가 치면에 접착하여 군집을 형성하는 능력은 균독성에 중요한 역할을 하는데, AgI/II와 같은 세포 표면의 섬유성 단백질을 매개로 한다. Secretory IgA는 타액이나 누.비액, 초유, 그리고 폐나 소화기관의 분비액에서 선택적으로 다량 발견되는데 타액에서 secretory IgA는 S. mutans의 대사활동을 억제하고 치면으로의 부착을 방해한다. 이전의 몇몇 연구에서 S. mutans에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와 우식경험도는 역상관관계를 보인다고 발표하였다. 그러나 다른 연구에서 통계적 유의성이 없다고 보고하기도 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 소아, 성인의 치아우식증과 S. mutans의 AgI/II에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와의 관계를 알기위한 것이다. 이를 위해 소아(평균6세) 28명, 성인(20-30세) 18명을 대상으로 Group Ⅰ(deft index ${\leq}$ 3), Group II(deft index ${\geq}$ 4), Group III(DMFT index ${\leq}$ 3), Group IV(DMFT index ${\geq}$ 4)로 분류하였다. 그리고 caries resistant group(CR group, deft or DMFT index ${\leq}$ 3)과 caries susceptible group(CS group, deft or DMFT index ${\geq}$ 4)으로 분류하였다. S. mutans 수와 우식경험도 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. AgI/II 특이 salivary IgA titer는 Group III이 Group II보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 컸으며, CR group이 CS group보다 유의하게 크게 나타났다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.399-415
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• 1999

세포내 유리칼슘(free calcium, $Ca^{2+}$)은 세균에서 고등동물에 이르기까지 거의 모든 세포에서 세포 고유작용을 조절하는 중요한 세포내 신호전달체계(signal transduction system)의 매개체이다. 타액선 세포에서 부교감 신경 자극으로 타액분비가 증가될 때에도 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 증가가 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 췌장(pancreas)의 경우 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 이외에도 인접세포를 전기적 화학적으로 연결해주는 gap junction이 외분비 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능설이 제시되었다. 타액선 세포에서도 세포막에 고농도의 gap junction이 존재하고 있으며 gap junction을 통해 인접세포들이 전기적, 화학적으로 연계되어 있어 gap junction이 타액선 세포의 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 gap junction이 타액선의 타액분비 작용에도 중요한 역할을 하며 이러한 작용이 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 조절하여 이루어질 것이라는 가정하에 이를 확인하는 실험을 시행하였다. 흰쥐 악하선에서 유리되는 타액양을 측정하기 위해서 악하선으로 혈액을 공급하는 동맥에 가는 관을 삽입하여 생리 식염수를 관류하면서 타액선관을 통해 타액을 채취하였다. 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도는 분리한 악하선 acini 내에 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 형광물질인 fura-2를 축적시키고 형광 분석기를 사용하여 형광강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CCh 투여로 타액 분비가 증가하였을 때 gap junction을 봉쇄하는 약물인 octanol(1 mM)을 투여하면 타액분비가 봉쇄되었으며 이는 가역적 반응이었다. 2. CCh투여로 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 증가하였을 때 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 CCh 투여전의 상태로 감소되었다. 3. Octanol은 CCh에 의하여 유발된 초기 $Ca^{2+}$ 증가를 억제하지는 못한 반면에 후기 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 감소시켰다. 4. 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 열어주는 약물인 thapsigargin($1{\mu}M$)을 투여하여 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 증가시킨 후 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 thapsigargin 투여 전의 상태로 감소하였다. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone(TBQ)의 투여로 세포막을 통한 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동인 $Ca^{2+}$의 oscillation이 유발되었는데, 이때 1mM octanol을 투여한 경우에 $Ca^{2+}$농도의 oscillation이 정지하여 역시 gap junction을 봉쇄하면 TBQ에 의해서 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동이 사라지고 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 감소가 나타남을 확인하였다. 6. Gap junction을 봉쇄하는 또 다른 약물인 glycyrrhetinic acid($100{\mu}M$)도 CCh 자극으로 인한 타액분비를 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 gap junction은 흰쥐 악하선 세포로부터의 타액분비 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이는 gap junction이 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 조절함으로써 수용체 자극으로 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 영향을 미친 결과인 것으로 추측된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.225-227
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• 2010

Actinomycosis is an unusual granulomatous infection caused by gram-positive anaerobic bacteria called Actinomyces species(predominantly Actinomyces israelii), which is a common and normally nonpathogenic organism found in the nose and throat. The three major clinical presentations of actinomycosis include the cervico-facial(the most common, 55%), thoracic, and abdominopelvic region. Actinomycosis typically has a chronic, indolent course characterized by swelling and induration of the soft tissues and eventual spontaneous drainage through multiple sinus tracts. Actinomycosis is difficult to diagnose because of variable presentation mimicking neoplasm and fastidious nature of the organism in culture. We present a case of actinomycosis in the parotid tip area which was mistaken for a salivary tumor.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1985

To find emylase inhibitors produced by microorganisms from soil, a strain which had a strong inhibitory activity against bacteria .alpha.-amylase was isolated from the soil smaple collected in Seoul. The morphological and physiological characteristics of this strain on several media and its utilization of carbon sources showed that it was one of Streptomyces specties according to the international Streptomyces Project method. The amylase inhibitor of this strain was purified by means of acetone precipitation, adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2, and column chromatography on Amberlite CG-50 and SP-Sephadex C-25. The inhibitor was stable at the pH range of 1-10 and at 100.deg.C for half an hour, and had inhibitory activities against other amylases such as salivary .alpha.-amylase, pancreatic .alpha.-amylase, fungal .alpha.-amylase and glucoamylase. The kinetic studies of the inhibitor showed that its inhibitory effect on starch hydrolysis by .alpha.-amylase was non-competitive.