Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14402/jkamprs.2013.35.3.155

Salivary Bacterial Counts on Application Time of Oral Antiseptic Agents and Mechanical Irrigation  

Lim, Hyoung-Sup (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University)
Kim, Jae-Jin (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Mija (Department of Nursing, Pai Chai University)
Kim, Hak Kyun (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University)
Publication Information
Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery / v.35, no.3, 2013 , pp. 155-160 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish the acceptable intraoral application time of antiseptic agents and evaluate the effect of mechanical irrigation. Methods: A total of 80 subjects were selected for this study. Saliva secreted at the resting state was taken. The subjects were divided into 8 experimental groups, and kept 10% povidone-iodine (PVI) or 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for 20 or 40 seconds in their oral cavity with/without irrigation of the oral cavity with sterilized normal saline, respectively. Then, the saliva was taken and diluted with phosphate buffered saline and then plated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates, which were incubated. Colony forming unit (CFU) was measured for the salivary bacterial counts. Results: After application of PVI and CHX, all the experimental groups showed statistically significant decrease in CFU (P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate in CFU than group 4 (CHX, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 6 (PVI, 40 s, irrigated) showed more significant reduction rate than group 2 (PVI, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate than group 1 (PVI, 20 s; P<0.01). Conclusion: Application of PVI for 40 seconds and mechanical irrigation with sterilized normal saline showed the best result among the 8 groups in terms of the reduction rate of salivary bacterial counts.
Keywords
Povidone-iodine; Chlorhexidine; Irrigation; Bacteria;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Macfarlane TW, Ferguson MM, Mulgrew CJ. Post-extraction bacteraemia: role of antiseptics and antibiotics. Br Dent J 1984;156:179-81.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Etiene J, Pangon B, Leport C, et al. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis. Lancet 1989;1:390.
3 Freney J, Brun Y, Bes M, et al. Staphylococcus lugdunensis sp. nov. and Staphylococcus schleiferi sp. nov, two species from human clinical specimens. Int Syst Bacteriol 1988;38:168-72.   DOI
4 Gershenfeld L. Povidone-iodine as a topical antiseptic. Am J Surg 1957;94:938-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Shelanski HA, Shelanski MV. PVP-iodine: history, toxicity and therapeutic uses. J Int Coll Surg 1956;25:727-34.
6 Adamietz IA, Rahn R, Bottcher HD, Schafer V, Reimer K, Fleischer W. Prophylaxis with povidone-iodine against induction of oral mucositis by radiochemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 1998;6:373-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Denton GW. Chlorhexidine. In: Block SS, editor. Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p.321-36.
8 Addy M, Wright R. Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial properties of providone iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinses. J Clin Periodontol 1978;5:198-205.   DOI
9 Jenkins S, Addy M, Wade W, Newcombe RG. The magnitude and duration of the effects of some mouthrinse products on salivary bacterial counts. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21:397-401.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Kaiser AB, Kernodle DS, Barg NL, Petracek MR. Influence of preoperative showers on staphylococcal skin colonization: a comparative trial of antiseptic skin cleansers. Ann Thorac Surg 1988;45:35-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Noh KP, Kim HK, Kim SG, Moon SY, Kim HJ. Comparative effects of different application time of povidone-iodine solution on salivary bacterial counts. Oral Bio Res 2008;32:29-36.
12 Lessa FC, Aranha AM, Nogueira I, Giro EM, Hebling J, Costa CA. Toxicity of chlorhexidine on odontoblast-like cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18:50-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kim SY, Noh KP, Kim HK, et al. Salivary bacterial counts after application of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;35:312-5.
14 Kunisada T, Yamada K, Oda S, Hara O. Investigation on the efficacy of povidone-iodine against antiseptic-resistant species. Dermatology 1997;195 Suppl 2:14-8.   DOI
15 Niedner R. Cytotoxicity and sensitization of povidone-iodine and other frequently used anti-infective agents. Dermatology 1997;195 Suppl 2:89-92.
16 Hull PS. Chemical inhibition of plaque. J Clin Periodontol 1980;7:431-42.   DOI
17 Addy M. Chlorhexidine compared with other locally delivered antimicrobials. A short review. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:957-64.   DOI
18 Gjermo P. Chlorhexidine and related compounds. J Dent Research 1989;68:1602-8.
19 Addy M, Slayne MA, Wade WG. The formation and control of dental plaque--an overview. J Appl Bacteriol 1992;73:269-78.   DOI
20 Loe H, Schiott CR, Karring G, Karring T. Two years oral use of chlorhexidine in man. I. General design and clinical effects. J Periodontal Res 1976;11:135-44.   DOI
21 Tosti A, Vincenzi C, Bardazzi F, Mariani R. Allergic contact dermatitis due to povidone-iodine. Contact Dermatitis 1990;23:197-8.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Newman MG, Flemmig TF, Nachnani S, et al. Irrigation with 0.06% chlorhexidine in naturally occurring gingivitis. II. 6 months microbiological observations. J Periodontol 1990;61:427-33.   DOI
23 McLure AR, Gordon J. In-vitro evaluation of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 1992;21:291-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Kobayashi H, Tsuzuki M, Hosokuchi K. Batericidal effects of antiseptics and disinfectants against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. J Japan Ass Operating Room Tech 1987;8:477-80.
25 Block C, Robenshtok E, Simhon A, Shapiro M. Evaluation of chlorhexidine and povidone iodine activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis using a surface test. J Hosp Infect 2000;46:147-52.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 O'Shaughnessy M, O'Malley VP, Corbett G, Given HF. Optimum duration of surgical scrub-time. Br J Surg 1991;78:685-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Nagatake T, Ahmed K, Oishi K. Prevention of respiratory infections by povidone-iodine gargle. Dermatology 2002;204 Suppl 1:32-6.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Rahn R, Schneider S, Diehl O, Schafer V, Shah PM. Preventing post-treatment bacteremia: comparing topical povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine. J Am Dent Assoc 1995;126:1145-9.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Pels E, Vrensen GF. Microbial decontamination of human donor eyes with povidone-iodine: penetration, toxicity, and effectiveness. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:1019-26.   DOI
30 Kaysinger KK, Nicholson NC, Ramp WK, Kellam JF. Toxic effects of wound irrigation solutions on cultured tibiae and osteoblasts. J Orthop Trauma 1995;9:303-11.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Smith DR, Ohmura K, Yamagata Z. Prevalence and correlates of hand dermatitis among nurses in a Japanese teaching hospital. J Epidemiol 2003;13:157-61.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Mac Rae SM, Brown B, Edelhauser HF. The corneal toxicity of presurgical skin antiseptics. Am J Ophthalmol 1984;97:221-32.   DOI